盘点Mysql的登陆方式

前置知识

我们想登陆到mysql中前提是肯定需要一个用户名和密码：比如 root root

在mysql中用户的信息会存放在 mysql数据库下的 user表中

可以 use mysql 然后select * from user\G;查看到系统上的所用的用户信息；

其中有一列叫做HOST，HOST的不同值决定了用户拥有不同的登陆方式：比如：

标识符	含义
%	任意ip均等登陆
localhost	只允许本地登陆
127.0.0.1	只允许本地登陆
sv1	主机名为sv1的机器可登录，主机名可以在 /etc/hostname中查看
::1	本机可登录

所以在登陆前，请确定你的使用的登陆用户的HOST列中有相应的配置

骚气的登陆

在mac上登陆华为云的服务器

MacBook-Pro% ssh 'root'@'139.9.92.123'
root@139.9.92.123's password:
Last failed login: Fri May 29 11:03:42 CST 2020 from 202.85.208.14 on ssh:notty
There was 1 failed login attempt since the last successful login.
Last login: Thu May 28 16:36:32 2020 from 202.85.208.7

	Welcome to Huawei Cloud Service

-bash: warning: setlocale: LC_CTYPE: cannot change locale (UTF-8): No such file or directory
[root@139 ~]#

---

在mac上远程登陆服务器上的mysql

MacBook-Pro% ./mysql -h139.9.92.123 -uroot -reqw123.. -P3306
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2174
Server version: 5.7.29 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |

---

mac登陆本地的mysql**

如果你有配置环境变量，在任何目录下系统都识别mysql命令

你可以直接像下面这样登陆：

MacBook-Pro% mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

如果你没有配置环境变量，系统就不能直接识别mysql命令，需要你进入到mysql安装目录下的bin文件下，找到mysql命令，然后执行登陆的动作

MacBook-Pro% /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

也可以用远程登陆的方式登陆本地mysql

MacBook-Pro% mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -proot -P3306
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| assignment         |
| cal                |

---

本地登陆

我们可以借助mysql.sock实现本地登陆。

那这个mysql.sock是什么？

很直观的我们得知道这个mysql.sock的作用，通过它我们可以实现mysql的本地登陆。

mysql.sock应该是mysql的主机和客户机在同一host（物理服务器）上的时候，使用unix domain socket做为通讯协议的载体，它比tcp快。

通过命令可以查看到mysql.sock的位置。

MacBook-Pro% netstat -ln | grep mysql
64e3f4c55eb824d7 stream  0   0  64e3f4c5614859a7   0   0   0 /tmp/mysql.sock

记下这个 mysql.sock的地址。接下来我们会创建一个配置文件，你找个看着比较顺眼的目录放置这个配置文件。

我实在这样创建的：

MacBook-Pro% sudo mkdir etc
MacBook-Pro% ls -l
total 552
-rw-r--r--   1 root    wheel   275235 Mar 24 01:35 LICENSE
-rw-r--r--   1 root    wheel      587 Mar 24 01:35 README
drwxr-xr-x  40 root    wheel     1280 Mar 24 02:45 bin
drwxr-x---  27 _mysql  _mysql     864 May 28 20:44 data
drwxr-xr-x   5 root    wheel      160 Mar 24 02:44 docs
drwxr-xr-x   2 root    wheel       64 May 29 11:39 etc
drwxr-xr-x  53 root    wheel     1696 Mar 24 02:44 include
drwxr-x---   3 _mysql  _mysql      96 May 28 20:44 keyring
drwxr-xr-x  11 root    wheel      352 May 13 09:16 lib
drwxr-xr-x   4 root    wheel      128 Mar 24 02:44 man
drwxr-xr-x  39 root    wheel     1248 Mar 24 02:44 share
drwxr-xr-x   6 root    wheel      192 May 28 19:20 support-files
MacBook-Pro% cd etc
MacBook-Pro% sudo touch user.root.cnf
MacBook-Pro% sudo vim user.root.cnf

然后在 user.root.cnf 中添加如下的配置：

[client]
user=root
password=root
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

好了，现在可以这样实现本地登陆

MacBook-Pro% ../bin/mysql --defaults-extra-file=./user.root.cnf
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

---

花里胡哨的本地登陆

有时候，你可能会看到其他大佬登陆mysql时使用： mysql.local 骚气十足的本地登陆mysql

他是怎么做到的呢？可以借助alias+mysql.sock实现：

为我们的登陆mysql的命令添加别名，像下面这样：

MacBook-Pro% alias mysql.local='/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql --defaults-extra-file=/usr/local/mysql/etc/user.root.cnf'
MacBook-Pro% mysql.local
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

从此，你也可以骚气登陆mysql