Telegraf和Grafana监控多平台上的SQL Server

问题

SQL Server在很多企业中部署在多个平台上(Windows,Linux和Container)，需要一种能支持多平台的解决方案用于收集和展示相关的监控指标。

我选择企业中比较流行的监控展示工具Grafana和监控指标收集工具Telegraf进行实现。这也是为了方便与企业中已经在存在监控平台进行整合和对接。

如上图所示，Telegraf部署在SQL所在host，收集数据发送给时序数据库Influxdb存储，然后Grafana用于展示数据。

解决方案

• 安装和配置InfluxDB

我将InfluxDB和Grafana安装在同一台CentOS主机上，生产环境中最好是分开。

# 下载1.8的stable version后进行安装
wget https://dl.influxdata.com/influxdb/releases/influxdb-1.8.0.x86_64.rpm
chmod 755 influxdb-1.8.0.x86_64.rpm
yum localinstall influxdb-1.8.0.x86_64.rpm

# 启动并设置自启动
systemctl start influxdb
systemctl enable influxdb

# 8086用于客户端的HTTP连接，8088用于CLI调用RPC进行备份和还原操作
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8086/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8088/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

# 连接到influxdb并创建用户
fluxdb
> CREATE USER admin WITH PASSWORD '<password>' WITH ALL PRIVILEGES

# 启用http用户验证，修改influxdb.conf中http section中auth-enabled = true
vim /etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf
systemctl restart influxdb

# 创建用于存储监控数据的数据库，保存6个月的数据
influx -username 'admin' -password '<password>'
> CREATE DATABASE telegraf
> CREATE RETENTION POLICY telegraf_6m ON telegraf DURATION 180d REPLICATION 1 DEFAULT
> SHOW DATABASES

• 安装和配置Grafana

# 下载并安装Grafana
wget https://dl.grafana.com/oss/release/grafana-7.0.1-1.x86_64.rpm
chmod 775 grafana-7.0.1-1.x86_64.rpm
yum localinstall grafana-7.0.1-1.x86_64.rpm

# 设置自启动
systemctl start grafana-server.service
systemctl enable grafana-server.service

# 允许Grafana默认的端口3000
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3000/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

然后在Browser中访问http://:3000，第一次访问时默登录认账号和密码都为admin，登录后会提示修改密码。

• 在客户端主机安装和配置Telegraf

所谓客户端，就是SQL所在主机

Telegraf连接到SQL，需要一个login，具有 VIEW SERVER STATE and VIEW ANY DEFINITION的权限，所以在每个被监控的实例上都需要创建之。

USE master;
GO
CREATE LOGIN [telegraf] WITH PASSWORD = N'1qaz@WSX';
GO
GRANT VIEW SERVER STATE TO [telegraf];
GO
GRANT VIEW ANY DEFINITION TO [telegraf];
GO

• Telegraf on Linux

wget https://dl.influxdata.com/telegraf/releases/telegraf-1.14.3-1.x86_64.rpm
sudo yum localinstall telegraf-1.14.3-1.x86_64.rpm

安装完成后，先要修改Telegraf的配置文件，再启动。在配置文件中主要配置两个部分：inputs和outputs。 inputs表示监控数据从哪里来，outputs表示监控要发送到哪里去。

打开/etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf，找到[[outputs.influxdb]]部分，所有配置项默认都被注释了。我们需要删除注释并配置一些项。主要是Influxdb的地址，用户名、密码和数据库名等。

[[outputs.influxdb]]
  ## The full HTTP or UDP URL for your InfluxDB instance.
  ##
  ## Multiple URLs can be specified for a single cluster, only ONE of the
  ## urls will be written to each interval.
  # urls = ["unix:///var/run/influxdb.sock"]
  # urls = ["udp://127.0.0.1:8089"]
  urls = ["http://172.17.2.4:8086"]

  ## The target database for metrics; will be created as needed.
  ## For UDP url endpoint database needs to be configured on server side.
  database = "telegraf"

  ## The value of this tag will be used to determine the database.  If this
  ## tag is not set the 'database' option is used as the default.
  # database_tag = ""

  ## If true, the 'database_tag' will not be included in the written metric.
  # exclude_database_tag = false

  ## If true, no CREATE DATABASE queries will be sent.  Set to true when using
  ## Telegraf with a user without permissions to create databases or when the
  ## database already exists.
  skip_database_creation = true

  ## Name of existing retention policy to write to.  Empty string writes to
  ## the default retention policy.  Only takes effect when using HTTP.
  retention_policy = ""

  ## The value of this tag will be used to determine the retention policy.  If this
  ## tag is not set the 'retention_policy' option is used as the default.
  # retention_policy_tag = ""

  ## If true, the 'retention_policy_tag' will not be included in the written metric.
  # exclude_retention_policy_tag = false

  ## Write consistency (clusters only), can be: "any", "one", "quorum", "all".
  ## Only takes effect when using HTTP.
  write_consistency = "any"

  ## Timeout for HTTP messages.
  timeout = "5s"

  ## HTTP Basic Auth
  username = "admin"
  password = "<password>"

• 找到[[inputs.sqlserver]]部分,取消相关配置项的注释，servers部分连接到本地实例。

Telegraf默认的Plugin中包括了对SQL Server的实现, 这个Plugin还包括了对Azure SQL PaaS的实现

# # Read metrics from Microsoft SQL Server
 [[inputs.sqlserver]]
#   ## Specify instances to monitor with a list of connection strings.
#   ## All connection parameters are optional.
#   ## By default, the host is localhost, listening on default port, TCP 1433.
#   ##   for Windows, the user is the currently running AD user (SSO).
#   ##   See https://github.com/denisenkom/go-mssqldb for detailed connection
#   ##   parameters, in particular, tls connections can be created like so:
#   ##   "encrypt=true;certificate=<cert>;hostNameInCertificate=<SqlServer host fqdn>"
        servers = [
                        "Server=localhost;Port=1433;User Id=telegraf;Password=<yourPassword>;app name=telegraf;log=1;"
                ]
#
#   ## Optional parameter, setting this to 2 will use a new version
#   ## of the collection queries that break compatibility with the original
#   ## dashboards.
        query_version = 2
#
#   ## If you are using AzureDB, setting this to true will gather resource utilization metrics
#   # azuredb = false
#
#   ## Possible queries:
#   ## - PerformanceCounters
#   ## - WaitStatsCategorized
#   ## - DatabaseIO
#   ## - DatabaseProperties
#   ## - CPUHistory
#   ## - DatabaseSize
#   ## - DatabaseStats
#   ## - MemoryClerk
#   ## - VolumeSpace
#   ## - PerformanceMetrics
#   ## - Schedulers
#   ## - AzureDBResourceStats
#   ## - AzureDBResourceGovernance
#   ## - SqlRequests
#   ## - ServerProperties
#   ## A list of queries to include. If not specified, all the above listed queries are used.
#   # include_query = []
#
#   ## A list of queries to explicitly ignore.
#   exclude_query = [ 'Schedulers' , 'SqlRequests']

启动Telegraf之后，可以看到时已经加载的inputs和收集间隔

[root@SQL19N1 log]# systemctl status telegraf
● telegraf.service - The plugin-driven server agent for reporting metrics into InfluxDB
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/telegraf.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2020-05-26 14:19:07 UTC; 19min ago
     Docs: https://github.com/influxdata/telegraf
 Main PID: 12359 (telegraf)
   CGroup: /system.slice/telegraf.service
           └─12359 /usr/bin/telegraf -config /etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf -config-directory /etc/telegraf/telegraf.d

May 26 14:19:07 SQL19N1 systemd[1]: Started The plugin-driven server agent for reporting metrics into InfluxDB.
May 26 14:19:07 SQL19N1 telegraf[12359]: 2020-05-26T14:19:07Z I! Starting Telegraf 1.14.3
May 26 14:19:07 SQL19N1 telegraf[12359]: 2020-05-26T14:19:07Z I! Loaded inputs: system cpu disk diskio kernel mem processes swap sqlserver
May 26 14:19:07 SQL19N1 telegraf[12359]: 2020-05-26T14:19:07Z I! Loaded aggregators:
May 26 14:19:07 SQL19N1 telegraf[12359]: 2020-05-26T14:19:07Z I! Loaded processors:
May 26 14:19:07 SQL19N1 telegraf[12359]: 2020-05-26T14:19:07Z I! Loaded outputs: influxdb
May 26 14:19:07 SQL19N1 telegraf[12359]: 2020-05-26T14:19:07Z I! Tags enabled: host=SQL19N1
May 26 14:19:07 SQL19N1 telegraf[12359]: 2020-05-26T14:19:07Z I! [agent] Config: Interval:20s, Quiet:false, Hostname:"SQL19N1", Flush Interval:10s

• Telegraf on Windows

以管理员身份执行如下PowerShell命令

# 下载软件
wget https://dl.influxdata.com/telegraf/releases/telegraf-1.14.3_windows_amd64.zip ·
    -OutFile "c:\temp\telegraf-1.14.3_windows_amd64.zip"

# 解压缩到C:\Program Files\Telegraf
Expand-Archive "c:\temp\telegraf-1.14.3_windows_amd64.zip", "C:\Program Files"

# 将telegraf安装为windows服务
C:\"Program Files"\Telegraf\telegraf.exe --service install

修改telegraf.conf中outputs.influxdb和添加inputs.sqlserver部分，这些内容和在Linux上的配置一样，就不赘述了。

conf修改完成后，可以先测试一下telegraf是否能正常启动，没问题的话就启动telegraf服务。

# 测试
C:\"Program Files"\Telegraf\telegraf.exe --config C:\"Program Files"\Telegraf\telegraf.conf --test

# 启动服务
C:\"Program Files"\Telegraf\telegraf.exe --service start

• 配置Grafana的数据源和Dashboard

登录Grafana后,在左侧的Configuration->Data Source中配置InfluxDB数据源，填写地址、账号、密码并设置为默认数据源，如下图

Dashboard，可以自己创建，也可以在采用公开社区的(感谢热心无私的大佬们)。这里，我采用SQL Servers by Jonathan Rioux。这个Dashboard中使用的Piechart不是Grafana预置的，所以还需要安装：

# Grafana所在Host安装，重启服务生效
grafana-cli plugins install grafana-piechart-panel
systemctl restart grafana-server.service

然后在Grafana界面，选择左侧的Dashboard->Import->填入Dashboard ID->Import，如下图：

配置完成后的，可以看这个Dashboard提供的信息还比较丰富的，您也可以根据自己的需要修改和添加相关内容.

总结

• 实际情况中，自带的数据收集和报表不能完全满足业务需求，自定义的数据收集和自定义的Dashboard，也是非常容易实现的，下次再写

• 如果已经在使用Zabbix了，Grafana可以直接对接到Zabbix的数据输出。

• Telegraf能非常好的支持Cloud环境，下次说说对Azure SQL PaaS的监控

• 本文内容仅代表个人观点，与任何公司和组织无关