ubuntu16.04初始化配置

允许root登录

sudo passwd root

启动网卡DHCP并配置DNS

vi /etc/network/interfaces

auto ens3
#auto lo
iface ens3 inet dhcp
dns-nameservers 114.114.114.114 

注：如果是静态IP地址就做如下设置

auto ens3
iface ens3 inet static
address 192.168.1.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
dns-nameserver 114.114.114.114

允许root登录

su
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config

PermitRootLogin yes

wq!

service sshd restart

更新阿里源

cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
echo " " >/etc/apt/sources.list
vi /etc/apt/sources.list

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

wq!
apt-get update

如果不能update则执行

apt-get install -f apt

安装轻量级桌面xfce[优先选择]
apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

如果你只想安装必要的桌面管理软件而不想安装一些诸如 Evolution 和 OpenOffice 的不需要的应用软件，可使用下面的命令：
apt-get install --no-install-recommends ubuntu-desktop

安装 KDE 桌面，使用下面的命令：
sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop

我绝大多数情况下不用GUI界面，所以桌面我不擅长。

常用命令软件的安装

apt install -y sysstat