pytest进阶之配置文件

前言

pytest配置文件能够改变pytest框架代码的运行规则。比如修改pytest收集用例的规则，添加命令行参数等等！下面我们来一一讲解常用的一些配置项

Help

通过命令pytest --help查看配置文件中可以添加的一些参数及选项，这些选项都是可以添加到pytest的配置文件的

[pytest] ini-options in the first pytest.ini|tox.ini|setup.cfg file found:

  markers (linelist)       markers for test functions
  empty_parameter_set_mark (string) default marker for empty parametersets
  norecursedirs (args)     directory patterns to avoid for recursion
  testpaths (args)         directories to search for tests when no files or dire
  console_output_style (string) console output: classic or with additional progr
  usefixtures (args)       list of default fixtures to be used with this project
  python_files (args)      glob-style file patterns for Python test module disco
  python_classes (args)    prefixes or glob names for Python test class discover
  python_functions (args)  prefixes or glob names for Python test function and m
  disable_test_id_escaping_and_forfeit_all_rights_to_community_support (bool) di
  xfail_strict (bool)      default for the strict parameter of xfail markers whe
  junit_suite_name (string) Test suite name for JUnit report
  junit_logging (string)   Write captured log messages to JUnit report: one of n
  junit_duration_report (string) Duration time to report: one of total|call
  junit_family (string)    Emit XML for schema: one of legacy|xunit1|xunit2
  doctest_optionflags (args) option flags for doctests
  doctest_encoding (string) encoding used for doctest files
  cache_dir (string)       cache directory path.
  filterwarnings (linelist) Each line specifies a pattern for warnings.filterwar
  log_print (bool)         default value for --no-print-logs
  log_level (string)       default value for --log-level
  log_format (string)      default value for --log-format
  log_date_format (string) default value for --log-date-format
  log_cli (bool)           enable log display during test run (also known as "li
  log_cli_level (string)   default value for --log-cli-level
  log_cli_format (string)  default value for --log-cli-format
  log_cli_date_format (string) default value for --log-cli-date-format
  log_file (string)        default value for --log-file
  log_file_level (string)  default value for --log-file-level
  log_file_format (string) default value for --log-file-format
  log_file_date_format (string) default value for --log-file-date-format
  addopts (args)           extra command line options
  minversion (string)      minimally required pytest version

environment variables:
  PYTEST_ADDOPTS           extra command line options
  PYTEST_PLUGINS           comma-separated plugins to load during startup
  PYTEST_DISABLE_PLUGIN_AUTOLOAD set to disable plugin auto-loading
  PYTEST_DEBUG             set to enable debug tracing of pytest's internals

to see available markers type: pytest --markers
to see available fixtures type: pytest --fixtures
(shown according to specified file_or_dir or current dir if not specified; fixtures with leading '_' are only shown with the '-v' option

File

通常情况下我们会把配置文件放到我们的项目根目录下 命名为 pytest.ini， 项目在运行时会首先按照配置文件中设置的参数选项来运行，其次再遵守pytest的默认规则

使用

添加默认参数选项

我们都知道pytest可以在cmd中使用命令行运行脚本，通常是这样的 pytest -vqs 脚本, 我们通过这个命令来运行一下脚本，大概输出运行信息就是下面这种形式

D:\PytestAutoTestFrameWork\TestCases>pytest -vqs test_loginCase.py
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.4, pytest-4.4.1, py-1.6.0, pluggy-0.9.0
rootdir: D:\PytestAutoTestFrameWork, inifile: pytest.ini
plugins: rerunfailures-7.0, metadata-1.8.0, html-1.20.0, allure-pytest-2.6.2
collected 4 items

test_loginCase.py ------------open browser------------
-------staring login-------
info: string upload url "https://mail.126.com"
info:switching to iframe "//div[@id="loginDiv"]/iframe"
info:clearing value
[Info:Starting find the element "//input[@name="email"]" by "xpath"!]
info:input "linuxxiaochao"
[Info:Starting find the element "//input[@name="email"]" by "xpath"!]
info:clearing value
[Info:Starting find the element "//input[@name="password"]" by "xpath"!]
info:input "xiaochao11520"
[Info:Starting find the element "//input[@name="password"]" by "xpath"!]
info:click "//a[@id="dologin"]"
info:switch back to default iframe
---------end login---------

现在们在我们的项目根目录下新建pytest.ini文件并输入下面的选项

[pytest]
addopts=-vqs

我们再次运行脚本仅通过命令pytest即可，这时候一会发现输出信息和上面一摸一样，这就是配置文件的作用

添加用例路径

[pytest]
testpaths=./TestCases

通过这样一项设置，我们可以把我们用例所在的目录添加到配置文件，这样我们在运行用例的时候，pytest会直接在配置文件所在的目录搜索用例

指定pytest的版本

[pytest]
minversion = 3.0

指定pytest忽略哪些搜索目录

[pytest]
norecursedirs = .* venv src *.egg dist build

标红部分为系统默认不会搜索的路径，前面是用户自定义的路径，注：当自定义时最好把系统默认的添加到后面

修改pytest收集用例的规则-测试类

pytest默认会搜索以test_开头/以_test结尾的文件，以Test开头的类，且以test_开头的测试函数为测试用例

我们希望pytest能够搜索以Test*开头，*Test结尾或者*Suite开头或结尾的类名字，我们需要添加这样的选项

[pytest]
python_classes = *Test Test* *Suite

修改pytest收集用例规则-修改测试模块

我们希望pytest可以搜索以check_*开头的文件

[pytest]
python_files=test_* *_test check_*

修改pytest收集用例规则-修改测试方法

我们希望可以搜索以check_* 开头的测试函数为测试用例

[pytest]
python_functions = test_* *_test check_*

添加生成报告选项

[pytest]
addopts = -v --rerun 1 --html=report.html --self-contained-html

添加mark标记

通常我们在编写测试用例的时候，会在用例上回添加一些标记来记录哪些用例需要运行，哪些需要跳过，哪些需要标记为failed等等，那么难免我们记不住这些标记，我们可以通过配置文件记录这些标记

[pytest]
markers=
    loginTest: Run login test cases
    contactTest: Run add contact test cases
    sendMailTest: Run send mail test cases

我们添加完这些标记之后，可以通过 pytest --markers 查看我们自定义的mark

D:\PytestAutoTestFrameWork\TestCases>pytest --markers
@pytest.mark.loginTest: Run login test cases

@pytest.mark.contactTest: Run add contact test cases

@pytest.mark.sendMailTest: Run send mail test cases

@pytest.mark.flaky(reruns=1, reruns_delay=0): mark test to re-run up to 'reruns' times. Add a delay of 'reruns_delay' seconds between re-runs.

@pytest.mark.filterwarnings(warning): add a warning filter to the given test. see https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/warnings.html#pytest-mark-filterwarnings

@pytest.mark.skip(reason=None): skip the given test function with an optional reason. Example: skip(reason="no way of currently testing this") skips the test.

最后

pytest看的差不多了，其实小项目也写完了，一直没时间整理，也没时间写到博客上来，快51了，争取这几天发出来！