python——代理ip获取

python爬虫要经历爬虫、爬虫被限制、爬虫反限制的过程。当然后续还要网页爬虫限制优化，爬虫再反限制的一系列道高一尺魔高一丈的过程。

爬虫的初级阶段，添加headers和ip代理可以解决很多问题。

贴代码：说下思路

1、到http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/抓取相应的代理ip地址，地址比较多，但是不保证能用。先保存到列表

2、多线程验证代理ip的可行性，然后写入到对应的txt文件

3、当需要代理ip的时候，倒入模块，执行main（）函数，可得到可用的代理ip进行后续功能。

验证ip用到了telnetlib和requests两种方法。建议要爬取哪个网页，直接requests相应网页验证比较好。

#coding:utf-8

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import time
import threading
import random
import telnetlib,requests

#设置全局超时时间为3s，也就是说，如果一个请求3s内还没有响应，就结束访问，并返回timeout（超时）
import socket
socket.setdefaulttimeout(3)

headers = {
"user-agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/47.0.2526.106 Safari/537.36",
}

def get_ip():
    #获取代理IP，返回列表
    httpResult=[]
    httpsResult=[]
    try:
        for page in range(1,2):
            IPurl = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/%s' %page
            rIP=requests.get(IPurl,headers=headers)
            IPContent=rIP.text
            print IPContent
            soupIP = BeautifulSoup(IPContent,'lxml')
            trs = soupIP.find_all('tr')
            for tr in trs[1:]:
                tds = tr.find_all('td')
                ip = tds[1].text.strip()
                port = tds[2].text.strip()
                protocol = tds[5].text.strip()
                if protocol == 'HTTP':
                    httpResult.append( 'http://' + ip + ':' + port)
                elif protocol =='HTTPS':
                    httpsResult.append( 'https://' + ip + ':' + port)
    except:
        pass
    return httpResult,httpsResult
'''
#验证ip地址的可用性，使用telnetlib模块_http
def cip(x,y):
    f = open("E:\ip_http.txt","a")
    f.truncate()
    try:
        telnetlib.Telnet(x, port=y, timeout=5)
    except:
        print('f')
    else:
        print('---------------------------success')
        f.write(x+':'+y+'\n')
#验证ip地址的可用性，使用telnetlib模块_https
def csip(x,y):
    f = open("E:\ip_https.txt","a")
    f.truncate()
    try:
        telnetlib.Telnet(x, port=y, timeout=5)
    except:
        print('f')
    else:
        print('---------------------------success')
        f.write(x+':'+y+'\n')
'''

#验证ip地址的可用性，使用requests模块，验证地址用相应要爬取的网页 http
def cip(x,y):
    f = open("E:\ip_http.txt","a")
    f.truncate()
    try:
        print (x+y)
        requests.get('http://ip.chinaz.com/getip.aspx',proxies={'http':x+":"+y},timeout=3)
    except:
        print('f')
    else:
        print('---------------------------success')
        f.write(x+':'+y+'\n')
#验证ip地址的可用性，使用requests模块，验证地址用相应要爬取的网页。https
def csip(x,y):
    f = open("E:\ip_https.txt","a")
    f.truncate()
    try:
        print (x+y)
        requests.get('https://www.lagou.com/',proxies={'https':x+":"+y},timeout=3)
    except:
        print('f')
    else:
        print('---------------------------success')
        f.write(x+':'+y+'\n')

def main():
    httpResult,httpsResult = get_ip()

    threads = []
    open("E:\ip_http.txt","a").truncate()
    for i in httpResult:
        a = str(i.split(":")[-2][2:].strip())
        b = str(i.split(":")[-1].strip())
        t = threading.Thread(target=cip,args=(a,b,))
        threads.append(t)

    for i in range(len(httpResult)):
        threads[i].start()
    for i in range(len(httpResult)):
        threads[i].join()

    threads1 = []
    open("E:\ip_https.txt","a").truncate()
    for i in httpsResult:
        a = str(i.split(":")[-2][2:].strip())
        b = str(i.split(":")[-1].strip())
        t = threading.Thread(target=csip,args=(a,b,))
        threads1.append(t)

    for i in range(len(httpsResult)):
        threads1[i].start()
    for i in range(len(httpsResult)):
        threads1[i].join()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()