tomcat源码分析（一）

tomcat的启动从Bootstrap类的main方法开始。

 public static void main(String args[]) {

        //单例
        if (daemon == null) {
            daemon = new Bootstrap();//实例化Bootstrap对象
            try {
                //实例化Catalina 并装载3个classloader,设置Catalina的父加载器
                daemon.init();
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                t.printStackTrace();
                return;
            }
        }

        try {
            String command = "start";
            if (args.length > 0) {
                command = args[args.length - 1];
            }

            if (command.equals("startd")) {
                args[0] = "start";
                daemon.load(args);
                daemon.start();
            } else if (command.equals("stopd")) {
                args[0] = "stop";
                daemon.stop();
            } else if (command.equals("start")) {
                daemon.setAwait(true);
                daemon.load(args);//加载
                daemon.start();//启动
            } else if (command.equals("stop")) {
                daemon.stopServer(args);
            } else {
                log.warn("Bootstrap: command \"" + command + "\" does not exist.");
            }
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            t.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

/**
     * 一些初始化工作  初始化一个守护线程
     * Initialize daemon.
     */
    public void init()
        throws Exception
    {

        // Set Catalina path 初始化Tomcat的安装路径 home\base
        setCatalinaHome();
        setCatalinaBase();

        initClassLoaders();//初始化变量classloader:catalinaloader、commonloader、sharedloader  三个加载器

        Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(catalinaLoader);//设置上下文的类加载器

        SecurityClassLoad.securityClassLoad(catalinaLoader);

        // Load our startup class and call its process() method
        if (log.isDebugEnabled())
            log.debug("Loading startup class");
        Class startupClass =
            catalinaLoader.loadClass
            ("org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina");
        Object startupInstance = startupClass.newInstance();//得到了Catalina的实例

        // Set the shared extensions class loader
        if (log.isDebugEnabled())
            log.debug("Setting startup class properties");
        String methodName = "setParentClassLoader";//方法名
        Class paramTypes[] = new Class[1];
        paramTypes[0] = Class.forName("java.lang.ClassLoader");
        Object paramValues[] = new Object[1];
        paramValues[0] = sharedLoader;
        Method method =
            startupInstance.getClass().getMethod(methodName, paramTypes);//方法名、参数类型
        method.invoke(startupInstance, paramValues);//利用反射调用Catalina的setParentClassLoader方法 设置共享扩展类装入器

        catalinaDaemon = startupInstance;  //赋值给Catalina的成员变量。

}

 private void load(String[] arguments)
        throws Exception {

        // Call the load() method
        String methodName = "load";
        Object param[];
        Class paramTypes[];
        if (arguments==null || arguments.length==0) {
            paramTypes = null;
            param = null;
        } else {
            paramTypes = new Class[1];
            paramTypes[0] = arguments.getClass();
            param = new Object[1];
            param[0] = arguments;
        }
        Method method =
            catalinaDaemon.getClass().getMethod(methodName, paramTypes);
        if (log.isDebugEnabled())
            log.debug("Calling startup class " + method);//利用反射调用Catalina的load()方法
        method.invoke(catalinaDaemon, param);

    }

Catalina的load方法。主要是解析conf下的service.xml文件

    public void load() {

        long t1 = System.nanoTime();

        initDirs();//System.setPropertity("catalina.home")和catalina.home  设置系统目录

        // Before digester - it may be needed

        initNaming();//设置propertity  naming

        // Create and execute our Digester
        Digester digester = createStartDigester();

        InputSource inputSource = null;
        InputStream inputStream = null;
        File file = null;
        try {
            file = configFile();//读取con/server.xml的配置文件
            inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
            inputSource = new InputSource("file://" + file.getAbsolutePath());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            ;
        }
        if (inputStream == null) {
            try {
                inputStream = getClass().getClassLoader()
                    .getResourceAsStream(getConfigFile());
                inputSource = new InputSource
                    (getClass().getClassLoader()
                     .getResource(getConfigFile()).toString());
            } catch (Exception e) {
                ;
            }
        }

        // This should be included in catalina.jar
        // Alternative: don't bother with xml, just create it manually.
        if( inputStream==null ) {
            try {
                inputStream = getClass().getClassLoader()
                .getResourceAsStream("server-embed.xml");
                inputSource = new InputSource
                (getClass().getClassLoader()
                        .getResource("server-embed.xml").toString());
            } catch (Exception e) {
                ;
            }
        }

        if ((inputStream == null) && (file != null)) {
            log.warn("Can't load server.xml from " + file.getAbsolutePath());
            return;
        }

        try {
            inputSource.setByteStream(inputStream);
            digester.push(this);
            digester.parse(inputSource);//解析service.xml配置文件
            inputStream.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.warn("Catalina.start using "
                               + getConfigFile() + ": " , e);
            return;
        }

        // Stream redirection
        initStreams();

        // Start the new server
        if (server instanceof Lifecycle) {
            try {
                server.initialize();
            } catch (LifecycleException e) {
                log.error("Catalina.start", e);
            }
        }

        long t2 = System.nanoTime();
        if(log.isInfoEnabled())
            log.info("Initialization processed in " + ((t2 - t1) / 1000000) + " ms");

    }

tomcat从Catalina的start方法开启了。

 public void start() {

        if (server == null) {
            load();
        }

        long t1 = System.nanoTime();

        // Start the new server
        if (server instanceof Lifecycle) {
            try {
                ((Lifecycle) server).start();//这里的server是StandardService,在这里启动服务。
            } catch (LifecycleException e) {
                log.error("Catalina.start: ", e);
            }
        }

        long t2 = System.nanoTime();
        if(log.isInfoEnabled())
            log.info("Server startup in " + ((t2 - t1) / 1000000) + " ms");

        try {
            // Register shutdown hook
            if (useShutdownHook) {
                if (shutdownHook == null) {
                    shutdownHook = new CatalinaShutdownHook();
                }
                Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(shutdownHook);
            }
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            // This will fail on JDK 1.2. Ignoring, as Tomcat can run
            // fine without the shutdown hook.
        }

        if (await) {
            await();
            stop();
        }

    }

启动完成后，等待客户端的链接。

 public void await() {

        server.await();

    }

建立Socket，等待客户端的链接

public void await() {
        // Negative values - don't wait on port - tomcat is embedded or we just don't like ports
        if( port == -2 ) {
            // undocumented yet - for embedding apps that are around, alive.
            return;
        }
        if( port==-1 ) {
            while( true ) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep( 10000 );
                } catch( InterruptedException ex ) {
                }
                if( stopAwait ) return;
            }
        }

        // Set up a server socket to wait on
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        try {
            serverSocket =
                new ServerSocket(port, 1,
                                 InetAddress.getByName("localhost"));//创建了服务端Socket，绑定了localhost/127.0.0.1地址，端口号是8005
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("StandardServer.await: create[" + port
                               + "]: ", e);
            System.exit(1);
        }

        // Loop waiting for a connection and a valid command
        while (true) {
            //循环等待客户端连接
            // Wait for the next connection
            Socket socket = null;
            InputStream stream = null;
            try {
                socket = serverSocket.accept();//启动完成了，在等待客户端的链接
                socket.setSoTimeout(10 * 1000);  // Ten seconds
                stream = socket.getInputStream();//得到socket的输入流
            } catch (AccessControlException ace) {
                log.warn("StandardServer.accept security exception: "
                                   + ace.getMessage(), ace);
                continue;
            } catch (IOException e) {
                log.error("StandardServer.await: accept: ", e);
                System.exit(1);
            }

            // Read a set of characters from the socket
            StringBuffer command = new StringBuffer();
            int expected = 1024; // Cut off to avoid DoS attack
            while (expected < shutdown.length()) {
                if (random == null)
                    random = new Random();
                expected += (random.nextInt() % 1024);
            }
            while (expected > 0) {
                int ch = -1;
                try {
                    ch = stream.read();//读取流中的数据
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    log.warn("StandardServer.await: read: ", e);
                    ch = -1;
                }
                if (ch < 32)  // Control character or EOF terminates loop
                    break;
                command.append((char) ch);//将数据添加到stringbuffer中
                expected--;
            }

            // Close the socket now that we are done with it
            try {
                socket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                ;
            }

            // Match against our command string
            boolean match = command.toString().equals(shutdown);//判断是否关闭应用
            if (match) {
                break;
            } else
                log.warn("StandardServer.await: Invalid command '" +
                                   command.toString() + "' received");

        }

        // Close the server socket and return
        try {
            serverSocket.close();//退出循环，关闭服务端socket
        } catch (IOException e) {
            ;
        }

    }