Spring学习笔记——Spring中的BeanFactory与FactoryBean

BeanFactory

BeanFactory是Spring的org.springframework.beans.factory下的一个接口，是Spring IOC所遵守的基本编程规范。他的实现类有DefaultListableBeanFactory、XmlBeanFactory、ApplicationContext等。都各自实现自己的功能。

FactoryBean

通常Spring通过反射机制利用bean的class属性来指定实现类的实例化Bean。在某些情况下实例化Bean的过程比較复杂。假设依照传统方式则须要在bean中提供大量的配置信息。而利用Spring提供了一个org.springframework.bean.factory.FactoryBean的工厂接口类。用户能够通过实现该接口定制实例化Bean的逻辑。

以下是FactoryBean的源码，凝视非常强大。可惜我的英语一般。简单翻译一下。

/**
 * Interface to be implemented by objects used within a {@link BeanFactory}
 * which are themselves factories. If a bean implements this interface,
 * it is used as a factory for an object to expose, not directly as a bean
 * instance that will be exposed itself.
 *
 * <p><b>NB: A bean that implements this interface cannot be used as a
 * normal bean.</b> A FactoryBean is defined in a bean style, but the
 * object exposed for bean references ({@link #getObject()} is always
 * the object that it creates.
 *
 * <p>FactoryBeans can support singletons and prototypes, and can
 * either create objects lazily on demand or eagerly on startup.
 * The {@link SmartFactoryBean} interface allows for exposing
 * more fine-grained behavioral metadata.
 *
 * <p>This interface is heavily used within the framework itself, for
 * example for the AOP {@link org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean}
 * or the {@link org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean}.
 * It can be used for application components as well; however,
 * this is not common outside of infrastructure code.
 *
 * <p><b>NOTE:</b> FactoryBean objects participate in the containing
 * BeanFactory's synchronization of bean creation. There is usually no
 * need for internal synchronization other than for purposes of lazy
 * initialization within the FactoryBean itself (or the like).
 *
 * @author Rod Johnson
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @since 08.03.2003
 * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory
 * @see org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean
 * @see org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean
 */
public interface FactoryBean<T> {
    /**
     * Return an instance (possibly shared or independent) of the object
     * managed by this factory.
     * <p>As with a {@link BeanFactory}, this allows support for both the
     * Singleton and Prototype design pattern.
     * <p>If this FactoryBean is not fully initialized yet at the time of
     * the call (for example because it is involved in a circular reference),
     * throw a corresponding {@link FactoryBeanNotInitializedException}.
     * <p>As of Spring 2.0, FactoryBeans are allowed to return {@code null}
     * objects. The factory will consider this as normal value to be used; it
     * will not throw a FactoryBeanNotInitializedException in this case anymore.
     * FactoryBean implementations are encouraged to throw
     * FactoryBeanNotInitializedException themselves now, as appropriate.
     * @return an instance of the bean (can be {@code null})
     * @throws Exception in case of creation errors
     * @see FactoryBeanNotInitializedException
     */
    // 返回有FactoryBean创建的Bean实例，假设isSingleton为true，则该实例会放到Spring容器中
    T getObject() throws Exception;
    /**
     * Return the type of object that this FactoryBean creates,
     * or {@code null} if not known in advance.
     * <p>This allows one to check for specific types of beans without
     * instantiating objects, for example on autowiring.
     * <p>In the case of implementations that are creating a singleton object,
     * this method should try to avoid singleton creation as far as possible;
     * it should rather estimate the type in advance.
     * For prototypes, returning a meaningful type here is advisable too.
     * <p>This method can be called <i>before</i> this FactoryBean has
     * been fully initialized. It must not rely on state created during
     * initialization; of course, it can still use such state if available.
     * <p><b>NOTE:</b> Autowiring will simply ignore FactoryBeans that return
     * {@code null} here. Therefore it is highly recommended to implement
     * this method properly, using the current state of the FactoryBean.
     * @return the type of object that this FactoryBean creates,
     * or {@code null} if not known at the time of the call
     * @see ListableBeanFactory#getBeansOfType
     */
    // 返回FactoryBean创建Bean类型
    Class<?> getObjectType();
    /**
     * Is the object managed by this factory a singleton? That is,
     * will {@link #getObject()} always return the same object
     * (a reference that can be cached)?

* <p><b>NOTE:</b> If a FactoryBean indicates to hold a singleton object,
     * the object returned from {@code getObject()} might get cached
     * by the owning BeanFactory. Hence, do not return {@code true}
     * unless the FactoryBean always exposes the same reference.
     * <p>The singleton status of the FactoryBean itself will generally
     * be provided by the owning BeanFactory; usually, it has to be
     * defined as singleton there.
     * <p><b>NOTE:</b> This method returning {@code false} does not
     * necessarily indicate that returned objects are independent instances.
     * An implementation of the extended {@link SmartFactoryBean} interface
     * may explicitly indicate independent instances through its
     * {@link SmartFactoryBean#isPrototype()} method. Plain {@link FactoryBean}
     * implementations which do not implement this extended interface are
     * simply assumed to always return independent instances if the
     * {@code isSingleton()} implementation returns {@code false}.
     * @return whether the exposed object is a singleton
     * @see #getObject()
     * @see SmartFactoryBean#isPrototype()
     */
    // 返回由FactoryBean创建的Bean实例的作用域是singleton还是prototype
    boolean isSingleton();
}

当配置文件里的class属性配置的实现类是FactoryBean时。通过getBean方法返回的不是FactoryBean本身。而是FactoryBean#getObject()方法返回的对象，相当于FactoryBean#getObject()代理了getBean

两者差别：

BeanFactory是一个factory，也就是IOC容器或对象工厂。FactoryBean是个Bean，在Spring中，全部的Bean都是由BeanFactory（IOC）来进行管理的。但对FactoryBean而言，这个Bean是一个生产或者修饰对象生成的工厂Bean，他的实现与设计模式中的工厂模式和修饰器模式相似。