【计算几何初步-凸包-Graham扫描法-极角序】【HDU1348】 WALL

Wall

Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 65536/32768 K (Java/Others)

Total Submission(s): 3779    Accepted Submission(s): 1066

Problem Description

Once upon a time there was a greedy King who ordered his chief Architect to build a wall around the King's castle. The King was so greedy, that he would not listen to his Architect's proposals to build a beautiful brick wall with a perfect shape and nice tall
towers. Instead, he ordered to build the wall around the whole castle using the least amount of stone and labor, but demanded that the wall should not come closer to the castle than a certain distance. If the King finds that the Architect has used more resources
to build the wall than it was absolutely necessary to satisfy those requirements, then the Architect will loose his head. Moreover, he demanded Architect to introduce at once a plan of the wall listing the exact amount of resources that are needed to build
the wall.

Your task is to help poor Architect to save his head, by writing a program that will find the minimum possible length of the wall that he could build around the castle to satisfy King's requirements.








The task is somewhat simplified by the fact, that the King's castle has a polygonal shape and is situated on a flat ground. The Architect has already established a Cartesian coordinate system and has precisely measured the coordinates of all castle's vertices
in feet.

 

Input

The first line of the input file contains two integer numbers N and L separated by a space. N (3 <= N <= 1000) is the number of vertices in the King's castle, and L (1 <= L <= 1000) is the minimal number of feet that King allows for the wall to come close to
the castle.



Next N lines describe coordinates of castle's vertices in a clockwise order. Each line contains two integer numbers Xi and Yi separated by a space (-10000 <= Xi, Yi <= 10000) that represent the coordinates of ith vertex. All vertices are different and the sides
of the castle do not intersect anywhere except for vertices.

 

Output

Write to the output file the single number that represents the minimal possible length of the wall in feet that could be built around the castle to satisfy King's requirements. You must present the integer number of feet to the King, because the floating numbers
are not invented yet. However, you must round the result in such a way, that it is accurate to 8 inches (1 foot is equal to 12 inches), since the King will not tolerate larger error in the estimates.



This problem contains multiple test cases!



The first line of a multiple input is an integer N, then a blank line followed by N input blocks. Each input block is in the format indicated in the problem description. There is a blank line between input blocks.



The output format consists of N output blocks. There is a blank line between output blocks.

 

Sample Input

1

9 100
200 400
300 400
300 300
400 300
400 400
500 400
500 200
350 200
200 200

 

Sample Output

1628

 

Source

Northeastern Europe 2001

 

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题目本身不多说了

ANS=凸包周长+2*R*L 很容易证明

Graham算法的话 代码注释也有点解释

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
#include <ctime>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#define oo 0x13131313
#define pi 3.1415926
#define exp 10e-6
using namespace std;
int N,L;
struct point{
	double x,y;
};
point A[1050];
point stk[1050];
int s=0;
int k;
int start;
double ans;

double dist(point a,point b)
{
	return 	sqrt((a.x-b.x)*(a.x-b.x)+(a.y-b.y)*(a.y-b.y));
}
double crossdet(double x1,double y1,double x2,double y2)
{
	return x1*y2-x2*y1;
}
double cross(point a,point b,point c)
{
	return crossdet(b.x-a.x,b.y-a.y,c.x-a.x,c.y-a.y);
}
double dotdet(double x1,double y1,double x2,double y2)
{
	return x1*x2+y1*y2;
}
double dot(point a,point b,point c)
{
	return dotdet(b.x-a.x,b.y-a.y,c.x-a.x,c.y-a.y);
}
int sgn(double x)
{
	if(fabs(x)<exp) return 0;
	if(x<0) return -1;
	else return 1;
}int cmp(point a,point b)		// 当叉积为0时通过点积比较的cmp
{
	double temp=cross(A[1],a,b);
	double temp1;
	if(sgn(temp)==0)
	{
		temp1=dot(a,A[1],b);
		return sgn(temp1)<0;    // 点靠起点近的排前面
	}
	else return sgn(temp)>0;
}
/*
int cmp(point a,point b)       //当叉积为0时通过距离比较的cmp
{
	double temp=cross(A[1],a,b);
	double temp1;
	if(sgn(temp)==0)
	{
		 return dist(a,A[1])<dist(b,A[1]);
	}
	else return sgn(temp)>0;
}
/*
int cmp(const void *i,const void *j)  //qsort的cmp
{
	point *a=(point *)i,*b=(point *)j;
	double re=cross(A[1],*a,*b);
    if(re==0)
        return dist(*a,A[1])>dist(*b,A[1]);
    return re<0;
}
*/
void input()
{
	memset(stk,0,sizeof(stk));
	memset(A,0,sizeof(A));
	s=0;ans=0;
	cin>>N>>L;
	for(int i=1;i<=N;i++)
	{
		scanf("%lf%lf",&A[i].x,&A[i].y);
	}
}
void findmin(int &k)        //寻找最小的y,同时最小的话选x小的
{
	 k=1;
	for(int i=2;i<=N;i++)
	{
		if(sgn(A[i].y-A[k].y)<0)
		k=i;
		else if(sgn(A[i].y-A[k].y)==0&&(A[i].x-A[k].x)<0)
		k=i;
	}
}
void solve()
{
	findmin(start);
	swap(A[1],A[start]);//小细节注意
//	qsort(A+2,N-1,sizeof(A[1]),cmp);
	sort(A+2,A+N+1,cmp);
	for(int i=1;i<=2;i++)
	{
		stk[++s]=A[i];    //一开始二个肯定在的点入栈
	}
	for(int i=3;i<=N;i++)
	{
		while(sgn(cross(stk[s-1],stk[s],A[i]))<=0&&s>=2)   //1.防止下面的2个点退栈 2.若stk[i-1]A[i]不在stk[i-1]A[s]的逆时针方向 退栈 寻找更好的凸包
			s--;
		stk[++s]=A[i];									   //入栈  最终栈里面至少有3个点 也显然可知若即使只有3个点 则3个点都在凸包上
	}
	for(int i=2;i<=s;i++)
	{
		ans+=dist(stk[i],stk[i-1]);
	}
	ans+=dist(stk[1],stk[s]);
}
void init()
{
	freopen("a.in","r",stdin);
	freopen("a.out","w",stdout);
}
int main()
{
	int T;
	//init();
	cin>>T;
	int ttt=0;
	while(T--)
	{
		if(ttt++) printf("\n");
		input();
		solve();
		if(N==1) ans=0;
		else if(N==2) ans=dist(A[1],A[2]);
		ans=ans+2*pi*L;				//由题目显然克制 凸包周长加那个圆的面积
		printf("%.0lf\n",ans);
	}
}