08 Linux下MySQL的下载、安装及启动

测试环境

主机系统：Win7 64位

虚拟机：VMware® Workstation 11.1.0

虚拟机系统：CentOS 6.5 64位 Kernel 2.6.32-431.e16.x86_64

MySQL: 5.6.24

1. Mysql的下载

a. 官网 http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.6.html#downloads

b. 下载跟OS对应的mysql版本

[root@localhost ~]# uname –a 位Linux系统

Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Nov 22 03:15:09 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

c. 在下拉列表选择Linux-Generic,下载64位的安装包

2. Mysql的安装

a. 将下载好的mysql制作成光盘镜像

不清楚的可以参考文章 Linux 下安装JDK并测试开发"Hello World！"

b. 解压缩tar包

[root@localhost MySQL]# tar -xvf MySQL-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-test-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-devel-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-client-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-embedded-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-server-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-shared-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

加压缩后这里有好几个rpm包,我们只要安装如下两个包即可

MySQL-server-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

MySQL-client-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

c. 更改安装包权限

解压缩后的安装包只有读写的权限，需要将其更改为可读可写可执行

[root@localhost MySQL]# ll
total 622244
-rwxr--r--. 1 root root 316661760 May 26 02:11 MySQL-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 wheel 23066213 Mar 26 03:57 MySQL-client-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
-rwxr--r--. 1 root root    3848304 May 26 02:11 mysql-connector-java-5.1.35.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 wheel   4571173 Mar 26 03:57 MySQL-devel-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 wheel 117570910 Mar 26 03:57 MySQL-embedded-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 wheel 88668065 Mar 26 03:58 MySQL-server-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 wheel   2410130 Mar 26 03:59 MySQL-shared-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 wheel   5180642 Mar 26 03:59 MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 wheel 75180190 Mar 26 03:59 MySQL-test-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

[root@localhost Linux]# chmod 744 -R MySQL
[root@localhost Linux]# cd MySQL/

[root@localhost MySQL]# ll
total 622244
-rwxr--r--. 1 root root 316661760 May 26 02:11 MySQL-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
-rwxr--r--. 1 7155 wheel 23066213 Mar 26 03:57 MySQL-client-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
-rwxr--r--. 1 root root    3848304 May 26 02:11 mysql-connector-java-5.1.35.tar.gz
-rwxr--r--. 1 7155 wheel   4571173 Mar 26 03:57 MySQL-devel-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
-rwxr--r--. 1 7155 wheel 117570910 Mar 26 03:57 MySQL-embedded-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
-rwxr--r--. 1 7155 wheel 88668065 Mar 26 03:58 MySQL-server-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
-rwxr--r--. 1 7155 wheel   2410130 Mar 26 03:59 MySQL-shared-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
-rwxr--r--. 1 7155 wheel   5180642 Mar 26 03:59 MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
-rwxr--r--. 1 7155 wheel 75180190 Mar 26 03:59 MySQL-test-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

d. 安装Mysql-server

[root@localhost MySQL]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/README from install of MySQL-server-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64

file /usr/share/mysql/czech/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64

file /usr/share/mysql/danish/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64

......

注：上面的报错信息意思是要安装的文件 MySQL-server-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64和系统文件mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64有冲突

解决办法如下：

先查看系统下有哪些包含MySQL字符串的包，再把查到的mysql-libs-*这个包卸载掉。

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa |grep -i mysql 注：查看系统下有哪些包含MySQL字符串的包

mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64

[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ev --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64 注：卸载mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64包

[root@localhost ~]# cd /root/Linux/MySQL/

[root@localhost MySQL]# ls

MySQL-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

MySQL-client-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

mysql-connector-java-5.1.35.tar.gz

MySQL-devel-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

MySQL-embedded-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

MySQL-server-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

MySQL-shared-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

MySQL-test-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

[root@localhost MySQL]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm 注：安装MySQL-server

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:MySQL-server ########################################### [100%]

2015-05-26 03:50:44 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).

2015-05-26 03:50:44 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.24) starting as process 2931 ...

2015-05-26 03:50:44 2931 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages

2015-05-26 03:50:44 2931 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled

2015-05-26 03:50:44 2931 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins

……

A RANDOM PASSWORD HAS BEEN SET FOR THE MySQL root USER !

You will find that password in '/root/.mysql_secret'. 注：root用户的mysql密码在这个文件中'/root/.mysql_secret'，第一次连接Mysql必须更改密码

You must change that password on your first connect,

no other statement but 'SET PASSWORD' will be accepted.

See the manual for the semantics of the 'password expired' flag.

e. 安装MySQL-Client

[root@localhost MySQL]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

package MySQL-client-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64 is already installed

[root@localhost MySQL]#

f. 创建mysql组

[root@localhost MySQL]# groupadd mysql

创建mysql用户，并添加到mysql组中

[root@localhost MySQL]# useradd -g mysql mysql

g. 查看root密码

[root@localhost mysql]# more /root/.mysql_secret

# The random password set for the root user at Tue May 26 03:50:49 2015 (local time

): fB0j9h3IOFdT9nf5 注：初始密码,fB0j9h3IOFdT9nf5

h. 查看MySQL的安装目录

[root@localhost mysql]# whereis mysql

mysql: /usr/bin/mysql /usr/lib64/mysql /usr/share/mysql /usr/share/man/man1/mysql.1.gz

i. 查看Mysql的运行目录

[root@localhost MySQL]# which mysql
/usr/bin/mysql

3. 启动MySQL

a. 启动Mysql服务

[root@localhost MySQL]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL SUCCESS!

b. 查看Mysql是否启动

[root@localhost MySQL]# ps -ef | grep mysql
root       1904      1 0 18:53 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid
mysql      2032   1904 0 18:53 ?        00:00:09 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.localdomain.err --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid
root       3797   2874 0 20:05 pts/0    00:00:00 grep mysql

usr/bin/mysql 是指：mysql的运行路径

var/lib/mysql 是指：mysql数据库文件的存放路径

usr/lib/mysql 是指：mysql的安装路径

c. 查看正在运行的端口号

[root@localhost mysql]# netstat -anp |more

Active Internet connections (servers and established)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State

PID/Program name

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

1846/sshd

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

1668/cupsd

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:199 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

1826/snmpd

tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN

1846/sshd

tcp 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN

1668/cupsd

tcp 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 注是Mysql默认的端口号

2004/mysqld

udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:631 0.0.0.0:*

......

d. 首次启动Mysql

[root@localhost mysql]# more /root/.mysql_secret 注：root用户的mysql初始密码

# The random password set for the root user at Tue May 26 03:50:49 2015 (local time

): fB0j9h3IOFdT9nf5

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -h node2 -uroot -pfB0j9h3IOFdT9nf5

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

ERROR 2005 (HY000): Unknown MySQL server host 'node2' (111) 报错注：找不到node2

解决方法

将node2换成127.0.0.1

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -pfB0j9h3IOFdT9nf5

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 2

Server version: 5.6.24

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 注：MySQL已启动

e. 更改root密码为mysql

mysql> set password=password('mysql'); 注：命令最后有分号

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

mysql> flush privileges; 注：刷新权限

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

f. 查看数据库

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| test |

+--------------------+

4 rows in set (0.09 sec)

mysql> exit 注：退出MySQL，自动切换至Linux root用户

Bye

[root@localhost mysql]#