网络上大部分是powermock 的用法,
PowerMock有两个重要的注解:
–@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
–@PrepareForTest( { YourClassWithEgStaticMethod.class })
但是powermockito @PrepareForTest( { YourClassWithEgStaticMethod.class }) 是在使用时 每个test case 方法中按需添加的。 @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) 必须添加到类名头。
摘自:
http://blog.csdn.net/knighttools/article/details/44630975
一、为什么要使用Mock工具
在做单元测试的时候,我们会发现我们要测试的方法会引用很多外部依赖的对象,比如:(发送邮件,网络通讯,远程服务, 文件系统等等)。 而我们没法控制这些外部依赖的对象,为了解决这个问题,我们就需要用到Mock工具来模拟这些外部依赖的对象,来完成单元测试。
二、为什么要使用PowerMock
现如今比较流行的Mock工具如jMock、EasyMock 、Mockito等都有一个共同的缺点:不能mock静态、final、私有方法等。而PowerMock能够完美的弥补以上三个Mock工具的不足。
三、PowerMock简介
PowerMock是一个扩展了其它如EasyMock等mock框架的、功能更加强大的框架。PowerMock使用一个自定义类加载器和字节码操作来模拟静态方法,构造函数,final类和方法,私有方法,去除静态初始化器等等。通过使用自定义的类加载器,简化采用的IDE或持续集成服务器不需要做任何改变。熟悉PowerMock支持的mock框架的开发人员会发现PowerMock很容易使用,因为对于静态方法和构造器来说,整个的期望API是一样的。PowerMock旨在用少量的方法和注解扩展现有的API来实现额外的功能。目前PowerMock支持EasyMock和Mockito。
四、PowerMock入门
PowerMock有两个重要的注解:
–@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
–@PrepareForTest( { YourClassWithEgStaticMethod.class })
如果你的测试用例里没有使用注解@PrepareForTest,那么可以不用加注解@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class),反之亦然。当你需要使用PowerMock强大功能(Mock静态、final、私有方法等)的时候,就需要加注解@PrepareForTest。
五、PowerMock基本用法
(1) 普通Mock: Mock参数传递的对象
测试目标代码:
1 |
public boolean callArgumentInstance(File file) { |
测试用例代码:
02 |
public void testCallArgumentInstance() { |
04 |
File file = PowerMockito.mock(File.class); |
06 |
ClassUnderTest underTest = new ClassUnderTest(); |
08 |
PowerMockito.when(file.exists()).thenReturn(true); |
10 |
Assert.assertTrue(underTest.callArgumentInstance(file)); |
说明:普通Mock不需要加@RunWith和@PrepareForTest注解。
(2) Mock方法内部new出来的对象
测试目标代码:
01 |
public class ClassUnderTest { |
03 |
public boolean callInternalInstance(String path) { |
05 |
File file = new File(path); |
测试用例代码:
01 |
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) |
02 |
public class TestClassUnderTest { |
05 |
@PrepareForTest(ClassUnderTest.class) |
06 |
public void testCallInternalInstance() throws Exception { |
08 |
File file = PowerMockito.mock(File.class); |
10 |
ClassUnderTest underTest = new ClassUnderTest(); |
12 |
PowerMockito.whenNew(File.class).withArguments("bbb").thenReturn(file); |
14 |
PowerMockito.when(file.exists()).thenReturn(true); |
16 |
Assert.assertTrue(underTest.callInternalInstance("bbb")); |
说明:当使用PowerMockito.whenNew方法时,必须加注解@PrepareForTest和@RunWith。注解@PrepareForTest里写的类是需要mock的new对象代码所在的类。
(3) Mock普通对象的final方法
测试目标代码:
1 |
public class ClassUnderTest { |
3 |
public boolean callFinalMethod(ClassDependency refer) { |
5 |
return refer.isAlive(); |
01 |
public class ClassDependency { |
03 |
public final boolean isAlive() { |
测试用例代码:
01 |
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) |
02 |
public class TestClassUnderTest { |
05 |
@PrepareForTest(ClassDependency.class) |
06 |
public void testCallFinalMethod() { |
08 |
ClassDependency depencency = PowerMockito.mock(ClassDependency.class); |
10 |
ClassUnderTest underTest = new ClassUnderTest(); |
12 |
PowerMockito.when(depencency.isAlive()).thenReturn(true); |
14 |
Assert.assertTrue(underTest.callFinalMethod(depencency)); |
说明: 当需要mock final方法的时候,必须加注解@PrepareForTest和@RunWith。注解@PrepareForTest里写的类是final方法所在的类。
(4) Mock普通类的静态方法
测试目标代码:
1 |
public class ClassUnderTest { |
3 |
public boolean callStaticMethod() { |
5 |
return ClassDependency.isExist(); |
01 |
public class ClassDependency { |
03 |
public static boolean isExist() { |
测试用例代码:
01 |
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) |
02 |
public class TestClassUnderTest { |
05 |
@PrepareForTest(ClassDependency.class) |
06 |
public void testCallStaticMethod() { |
08 |
ClassUnderTest underTest = new ClassUnderTest(); |
10 |
PowerMockito.mockStatic(ClassDependency.class); |
12 |
PowerMockito.when(ClassDependency.isExist()).thenReturn(true); |
14 |
Assert.assertTrue(underTest.callStaticMethod()); |
说明:当需要mock静态方法的时候,必须加注解@PrepareForTest和@RunWith。注解@PrepareForTest里写的类是静态方法所在的类。
(5) Mock 私有方法
测试目标代码:
01 |
public class ClassUnderTest { |
03 |
public boolean callPrivateMethod() { |
09 |
private boolean isExist() { |
测试用例代码:
01 |
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) |
02 |
public class TestClassUnderTest { |
05 |
@PrepareForTest(ClassUnderTest.class) |
06 |
public void testCallPrivateMethod() throws Exception { |
08 |
ClassUnderTest underTest = PowerMockito.mock(ClassUnderTest.class); |
10 |
PowerMockito.when(underTest.callPrivateMethod()).thenCallRealMethod(); |
12 |
PowerMockito.when(underTest, "isExist").thenReturn(true); |
14 |
Assert.assertTrue(underTest.callPrivateMethod()); |
说明:和Mock普通方法一样,只是需要加注解@PrepareForTest(ClassUnderTest.class),注解里写的类是私有方法所在的类。
(6) Mock系统类的静态和final方法
测试目标代码:
01 |
public class ClassUnderTest { |
03 |
public boolean callSystemFinalMethod(String str) { |
09 |
public String callSystemStaticMethod(String str) { |
11 |
return System.getProperty(str); |
测试用例代码:
01 |
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) |
02 |
public class TestClassUnderTest { |
05 |
@PrepareForTest(ClassUnderTest.class) |
06 |
public void testCallSystemStaticMethod() { |
08 |
ClassUnderTest underTest = new ClassUnderTest(); |
10 |
PowerMockito.mockStatic(System.class); |
12 |
PowerMockito.when(System.getProperty("aaa")).thenReturn("bbb"); |
14 |
Assert.assertEquals("bbb", underTest.callJDKStaticMethod("aaa")); |
说明:和Mock普通对象的静态方法、final方法一样,只不过注解@PrepareForTest里写的类不一样 ,注解里写的类是需要调用系统方法所在的类。
六 、无所不能的PowerMock
(1) 验证静态方法:
PowerMockito.verifyStatic();
Static.firstStaticMethod(param);
(2) 扩展验证:
PowerMockito.verifyStatic(Mockito.times(2)); // 被调用2次 Static.thirdStaticMethod(Mockito.anyInt()); // 以任何整数值被调用
(3) 更多的Mock方法
http://code.google.com/p/powermock/wiki/MockitoUsage13
七、PowerMock简单实现原理
• 当某个测试方法被注解@PrepareForTest标注以后,在运行测试用例时,会创建一个新的org.powermock.core.classloader.MockClassLoader实例,然后加载该测试用例使用到的类(系统类除外)。
• PowerMock会根据你的mock要求,去修改写在注解@PrepareForTest里的class文件(当前测试类会自动加入注解中),以满足特殊的mock需求。例如:去除final方法的final标识,在静态方法的最前面加入自己的虚拟实现等。
• 如果需要mock的是系统类的final方法和静态方法,PowerMock不会直接修改系统类的class文件,而是修改调用系统类的class文件,以满足mock需求。
楼主代码:
package com.ericsson.csp.cst.admin.util;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;
import org.codehaus.jackson.JsonGenerationException;
import org.codehaus.jackson.map.JsonMappingException;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;
import com.ericsson.csp.cst.admin.dao.entity.ResponseResult;
import com.ericsson.csp.cst.admin.dao.entity.Syssubp;
import com.ericsson.csp.cst.admin.service.SubscribeService;
import com.ericsson.csp.cst.admin.service.SyssubpService;
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
public class SubscribeUtilTest{
private Syssubp disp;
private Syssubp fromdisp;
private Syssubp nonSubscribedsubp;
private Syssubp subscribedsubp;
private SubscribeService subscribeService;
private SyssubpService syssubpService;
private SubscribeUtil subscribeUtil;
@Before
public void init() throws Exception{
disp=fillInsubp();
fromdisp=dispsubp();
nonSubscribedsubp=getNonSubscribedLocalsubp();
subscribedsubp=getSubscribedLocalsubp();
syssubpService=PowerMockito.mock(SyssubpService.class);
List<Syssubp> emptyLocalList=new ArrayList<Syssubp>();
List<Syssubp> nonEmptyLocalList=new ArrayList<Syssubp>();
nonEmptyLocalList.add(nonSubscribedsubp);
PowerMockito.doReturn(nonEmptyLocalList).when(syssubpService,"query");
PowerMockito.doNothing().when(syssubpService,"update",Mockito.any(Syssubp.class));
PowerMockito.doNothing().when(syssubpService,"save",Mockito.any(Syssubp.class));
PowerMockito.doNothing().when(syssubpService,"deleteById",Mockito.anyInt());
subscribeService=PowerMockito.mock(SubscribeService.class);
PowerMockito.doReturn(Response.status(200).type(new String()).entity("a string").build()).when(subscribeService,"subscribe",Mockito.any(Syssubp.class));
PowerMockito.doReturn(Response.status(200).type(new String()).entity("a string").build()).when(subscribeService,"deletesubp",Mockito.anyInt());
PowerMockito.when(subscribeService,"getAllsubps").thenReturn(Response.status(200).type(new String()).entity("a string").build());
subscribeUtil=PowerMockito.spy(new SubscribeUtil());
subscribeUtil.setSubscribeService(subscribeService);
subscribeUtil.setsubpService(syssubpService);
}
@Test
@PrepareForTest(SubscribeUtil.class)
public void testSubscribe() throws Exception {
String skip_createResponseResultByResponse="createResponseResultByResponse";
String skip_createsubpBydispResponse="createsubpBydispResponse";
ResponseResult result=new ResponseResult();
result.setStatus(200);
PowerMockito.doReturn(result).when(subscribeUtil, skip_createResponseResultByResponse, Mockito.any(Response.class),Mockito.any(ResponseResult.class));
PowerMockito.doReturn(fromdisp).when(subscribeUtil, skip_createsubpBydispResponse, Mockito.any(ResponseResult.class));
ResponseResult resp=subscribeUtil.subscribe(nonSubscribedsubp);
assertEquals(200, resp.getStatus());
}
@Test
public void testUpdatesubpLocally() throws JsonGenerationException, JsonMappingException, IOException{
subscribeUtil.updatesubp(nonSubscribedsubp);
}
@Test
@PrepareForTest(SubscribeUtil.class)
public void testUpdatesubpdisply() throws Exception{
ResponseResult result=new ResponseResult();
result.setStatus(200);
String skip_createResponseResultByResponse="createResponseResultByResponse";
PowerMockito.doReturn(result).when(subscribeUtil, skip_createResponseResultByResponse, Mockito.any(Response.class),Mockito.any(ResponseResult.class));
String skip_createsubpBydispResponse="createsubpBydispResponse";
PowerMockito.doReturn(fromdisp).when(subscribeUtil, skip_createsubpBydispResponse, Mockito.any(ResponseResult.class));
subscribeUtil.updatesubp(subscribedsubp);
}
@Test
public void testDeletesubpLocally() throws Exception{
PowerMockito.doReturn(nonSubscribedsubp).when(syssubpService,"queryById",Mockito.anyInt());
subscribeUtil.deletesubp(100);
}
@Test
@PrepareForTest(SubscribeUtil.class)
public void testDeletesubpdisply() throws Exception{
ResponseResult result=new ResponseResult();
result.setStatus(200);
PowerMockito.doReturn(subscribedsubp).when(syssubpService,"queryById",Mockito.anyInt());
String skip_createResponseResultByResponse="createResponseResultByResponse";
PowerMockito.doReturn(result).when(subscribeUtil, skip_createResponseResultByResponse, Mockito.any(Response.class),Mockito.any(ResponseResult.class));
subscribeUtil.deletesubp(100);
}
@Test
@PrepareForTest({JacksonUtil.class,SubscribeUtil.class})
public void testSyncdispWhenLocalNonEmpty() throws Exception{
ResponseResult result=new ResponseResult();
result.setStatus(200);
String skip_createResponseResultByResponse="createResponseResultByResponse";
PowerMockito.doReturn(result).when(subscribeUtil, skip_createResponseResultByResponse, Mockito.any(Response.class),Mockito.any(ResponseResult.class));
List<Syssubp> dispList=new ArrayList<Syssubp>();
dispList.add(fromdisp);
dispList.add(fromdisp);
dispList.add(fromdisp);
PowerMockito.mockStatic(JacksonUtil.class);
PowerMockito.when(JacksonUtil.getListByTargetClass(Mockito.anyString(), Mockito.eq(Syssubp.class))).thenReturn(dispList);
subscribeUtil.syncSubcriptionWithdisp();
}
@Test
@PrepareForTest({JacksonUtil.class,SubscribeUtil.class})
public void testSyncdispWhenLocalEmpty() throws Exception{
ResponseResult result=new ResponseResult();
result.setStatus(200);
String skip_createResponseResultByResponse="createResponseResultByResponse";
PowerMockito.doReturn(result).when(subscribeUtil, skip_createResponseResultByResponse, Mockito.any(Response.class),Mockito.any(ResponseResult.class));
List<Syssubp> dispList=new ArrayList<Syssubp>();
dispList.add(fromdisp);
dispList.add(fromdisp);
dispList.add(fromdisp);
PowerMockito.mockStatic(JacksonUtil.class);
PowerMockito.when(JacksonUtil.getListByTargetClass(Mockito.anyString(), Mockito.eq(Syssubp.class))).thenReturn(dispList);
List<Syssubp> emptyLocalList=new ArrayList<Syssubp>();
PowerMockito.doReturn(emptyLocalList).when(syssubpService,"query");
subscribeUtil.syncSubcriptionWithdisp();
}
private Syssubp fillInsubp() {
Syssubp syssubp=new Syssubp();
syssubp.setCallbackUrl("http://192.168.3.237:8080/cst-ecall/services/uplink/uplinkService");
syssubp.setTopicServiceId("adade");
syssubp.setEnableTransformation(true);
syssubp.setUsername("");
syssubp.setPassword("");
return syssubp;
}
private Syssubp getNonSubscribedLocalsubp() {
Syssubp syssubp=new Syssubp();
syssubp.setCallbackUrl("http://192.168.3.237:8080/cst-ecall/services/uplink/uplinkService");
syssubp.setTopicServiceId("adade");
syssubp.setEnableTransformation(true);
syssubp.setUsername("");
syssubp.setPassword("");
syssubp.setApp_name("app");
syssubp.setCreate_time(new Date());
syssubp.setId(100);
return syssubp;
}
private Syssubp getSubscribedLocalsubp() {
Syssubp syssubp=new Syssubp();
syssubp.setCallbackUrl("http://192.168.3.237:8080/cst-ecall/services/uplink/uplinkService");
syssubp.setTopicServiceId("adade");
syssubp.setEnableTransformation(true);
syssubp.setUsername("");
syssubp.setPassword("");
syssubp.setApp_name("app");
syssubp.setCreate_time(new Date());
syssubp.setId(100);
syssubp.setStatus(true);
syssubp.setUpdate_time(new Date());
syssubp.setsubpId(100);
return syssubp;
}
private Syssubp dispsubp() {
Syssubp syssubp=new Syssubp();
syssubp.setCallbackUrl("http://192.168.3.237:8080/cst-ecall/services/uplink/uplinkService");
syssubp.setTopicServiceId("adade");
syssubp.setEnableTransformation(true);
syssubp.setUsername("");
syssubp.setPassword("");
syssubp.setsubpId(100);
return syssubp;
}
}
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