Linux内核分析：打开文件描述符实现

在Linux中每一个进程的数据是存储在一个task_struct结构（定义在sched.h中）中的。

 struct task_struct {
     volatile long state;    /* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
     struct thread_info *thread_info;
     atomic_t usage;
     unsigned long flags;    /* per process flags, defined below */
     unsigned long ptrace;

     int lock_depth;        /* Lock depth */

     int prio, static_prio;
     struct list_head run_list;
     prio_array_t *array;

     unsigned long sleep_avg;
     unsigned long long timestamp, last_ran;
     int activated;

     unsigned long policy;
     cpumask_t cpus_allowed;
     unsigned int time_slice, first_time_slice;

 #ifdef CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
     struct sched_info sched_info;
 #endif

     struct list_head tasks;
     /*
      * ptrace_list/ptrace_children forms the list of my children
      * that were stolen by a ptracer.
      */
     struct list_head ptrace_children;
     struct list_head ptrace_list;

     struct mm_struct *mm, *active_mm;

 /* task state */
     struct linux_binfmt *binfmt;
     long exit_state;
     int exit_code, exit_signal;
     int pdeath_signal;  /*  The signal sent when the parent dies  */
     /* ??? */
     unsigned long personality;
     unsigned did_exec:;
     pid_t pid;
     pid_t tgid;
     /*
      * pointers to (original) parent process, youngest child, younger sibling,
      * older sibling, respectively.  (p->father can be replaced with
      * p->parent->pid)
      */
     struct task_struct *real_parent; /* real parent process (when being debugged) */
     struct task_struct *parent;    /* parent process */
     /*
      * children/sibling forms the list of my children plus the
      * tasks I'm ptracing.
      */
     struct list_head children;    /* list of my children */
     struct list_head sibling;    /* linkage in my parent's children list */
     struct task_struct *group_leader;    /* threadgroup leader */

     /* PID/PID hash table linkage. */
     struct pid pids[PIDTYPE_MAX];

     struct completion *vfork_done;        /* for vfork() */
     int __user *set_child_tid;        /* CLONE_CHILD_SETTID */
     int __user *clear_child_tid;        /* CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID */

     unsigned long rt_priority;
     unsigned long it_real_value, it_real_incr;
     cputime_t it_virt_value, it_virt_incr;
     cputime_t it_prof_value, it_prof_incr;
     struct timer_list real_timer;
     cputime_t utime, stime;
     unsigned long nvcsw, nivcsw; /* context switch counts */
     struct timespec start_time;
 /* mm fault and swap info: this can arguably be seen as either mm-specific or thread-specific */
     unsigned long min_flt, maj_flt;
 /* process credentials */
     uid_t uid,euid,suid,fsuid;
     gid_t gid,egid,sgid,fsgid;
     struct group_info *group_info;
     kernel_cap_t   cap_effective, cap_inheritable, cap_permitted;
     unsigned keep_capabilities:;
     struct user_struct *user;
 #ifdef CONFIG_KEYS
     struct key *session_keyring;    /* keyring inherited over fork */
     struct key *process_keyring;    /* keyring private to this process (CLONE_THREAD) */
     struct key *thread_keyring;    /* keyring private to this thread */
 #endif
     int oomkilladj; /* OOM kill score adjustment (bit shift). */
     char comm[TASK_COMM_LEN];
 /* file system info */
     int link_count, total_link_count;
 /* ipc stuff */
     struct sysv_sem sysvsem;
 /* CPU-specific state of this task */
     struct thread_struct thread;
 /* filesystem information */
     struct fs_struct *fs;
 /* open file information */
     struct files_struct *files;
 /* namespace */
     struct namespace *namespace;
 /* signal handlers */
     struct signal_struct *signal;
     struct sighand_struct *sighand;

     sigset_t blocked, real_blocked;
     struct sigpending pending;

     unsigned long sas_ss_sp;
     size_t sas_ss_size;
     int (*notifier)(void *priv);
     void *notifier_data;
     sigset_t *notifier_mask;

     void *security;
     struct audit_context *audit_context;

 /* Thread group tracking */
        u32 parent_exec_id;
        u32 self_exec_id;
 /* Protection of (de-)allocation: mm, files, fs, tty, keyrings */
     spinlock_t alloc_lock;
 /* Protection of proc_dentry: nesting proc_lock, dcache_lock, write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock); */
     spinlock_t proc_lock;
 /* context-switch lock */
     spinlock_t switch_lock;

 /* journalling filesystem info */
     void *journal_info;

 /* VM state */
     struct reclaim_state *reclaim_state;

     struct dentry *proc_dentry;
     struct backing_dev_info *backing_dev_info;

     struct io_context *io_context;

     unsigned long ptrace_message;
     siginfo_t *last_siginfo; /* For ptrace use.  */
 /*
  * current io wait handle: wait queue entry to use for io waits
  * If this thread is processing aio, this points at the waitqueue
  * inside the currently handled kiocb. It may be NULL (i.e. default
  * to a stack based synchronous wait) if its doing sync IO.
  */
     wait_queue_t *io_wait;
 /* i/o counters(bytes read/written, #syscalls */
     u64 rchar, wchar, syscr, syscw;
 #if defined(CONFIG_BSD_PROCESS_ACCT)
     u64 acct_rss_mem1;    /* accumulated rss usage */
     u64 acct_vm_mem1;    /* accumulated virtual memory usage */
     clock_t acct_stimexpd;    /* clock_t-converted stime since last update */
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
       struct mempolicy *mempolicy;
     short il_next;
 #endif
 };

该结构中有一个用于保存打开文件信息的成员：files，该成员类型是：struct files_struct*（定义在file.h）。

 1 /*
 2  * Open file table structure
 3  */
 4 struct files_struct {
 5         atomic_t count;
 6         spinlock_t file_lock;     /* Protects all the below members.  Nests inside tsk->alloc_lock */
 7         int max_fds;
 8         int max_fdset;
 9         int next_fd;
10         struct file ** fd;      /* current fd array */
11         fd_set *close_on_exec;
12         fd_set *open_fds;
13         fd_set close_on_exec_init;
14         fd_set open_fds_init;
15         struct file * fd_array[NR_OPEN_DEFAULT];
16 };

可以看到该结构中保存了所有与进程打开文件相关的信息，其中fd_array是一个struct file*（定义在file.h）类型的数组。

 1 struct file {
 2     struct list_head    f_list;
 3     struct dentry        *f_dentry;
 4     struct vfsmount         *f_vfsmnt;
 5     struct file_operations    *f_op;
 6     atomic_t        f_count;
 7     unsigned int         f_flags;
 8     mode_t            f_mode;
 9     int            f_error;
10     loff_t            f_pos;
11     struct fown_struct    f_owner;
12     unsigned int        f_uid, f_gid;
13     struct file_ra_state    f_ra;
14
15     size_t            f_maxcount;
16     unsigned long        f_version;
17     void            *f_security;
18
19     /* needed for tty driver, and maybe others */
20     void            *private_data;
21
22 #ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL
23     /* Used by fs/eventpoll.c to link all the hooks to this file */
24     struct list_head    f_ep_links;
25     spinlock_t        f_ep_lock;
26 #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL */
27     struct address_space    *f_mapping;
28 };

struct file就是保存了每个打开文件信息的数据结构。