find排除目录

在linux find 进行查找的时候，有时候需要忽略某些目录不查找，可以使用 -prune 参数来进行过滤，但必须要注意要忽略的路径参数必须紧跟着搜索的路径之后，否则该参数无法起作用。

命令语法：

find <src-path> -path '<ignor-path>' -prune -o -print

find <src-path> -path '<ignor-path1>' -prune -o -path '<ignor-path2>' -prune -o -print

类似的命令为：（还是使用了匹配，否则只忽略指定的path，不忽略指定path下的文件）

find <src-path> ! -path '<ignor-path1>*' ! -path '<ignor-path2>*' -print

或者使用匹配法：

find <src-path> -path '*<keyword>*' -prune -o -print

find <src-path> ! -path '*<keyword>*' -print

特别：把当前目录下所有文件或文件夹移动到指定文件夹

//当前目录下的所有文件和文件夹
------------------->$ find .  -maxdepth
.
./common
./resource
./main
./spring
./circle
./init
./property
./app.properties
./application-config.xml
./method
./zero

//把所有文件或文件夹移动到该目录的main/java下
------------------->$ find .  -maxdepth  -path './main' -prune -o -print | xargs -i mv {} main/java/
mv: cannot move '.' to 'main/java/.': Device or resource busy

//.目录，即当前目录不会移到main/java下

//检查一下各个目录：
------------------->$ pwd
/src

------------------->$ ll
total
drwxrwxr-x  rain rain  Aug   : main/

------------------->$ cd main/java/

------------------->$ ll
total
-rw-rw-r--  rain rain  Aug   : application-config.xml
-rw-rw-r--  rain rain    Jul  : app.properties
drwxrwxr-x  rain rain  Jul  : circle/
drwxrwxr-x  rain rain  Aug   : common/
drwxrwxr-x  rain rain  Jul  : init/
drwxrwxr-x  rain rain  Aug   : method/
drwxrwxr-x  rain rain  Aug   : property/
drwxrwxr-x  rain rain  Jul  : resource/
drwxrwxr-x  rain rain  Aug   : spring/
drwxrwxr-x  rain rain  Jul  : zero/

测试目录结构为（可通过find .命令列出当前目录下结果）：

./a
./a/.txt
./a/.txt
./a/.txt
./a/aa
./a/aa/.txt
./a/aa/.txt
./a/aa/.txt

./b
./b/.txt
./b/.txt
./b/.txt

./c
./c/.txt
./c/.txt
./c/.txt
./c/cc
./c/cc/.txt
./c/cc/.txt
./c/cc/.txt

./d
./d/.txt
./d/.txt
./d/.txt

1. 排除某个文件夹（注意，-type d中包含当前目录.）

------------------->$ find .  -path "./a" -prune -o -type d -print
.
./c
./c/cc
./b
./d

------------------->$ find .  -path "./a/aa" -prune -o -type d -print
.
./c
./c/cc
./b
./d
./a

------------------->$ find .  -path "./a" -prune -o -type f -print
./c/.txt
./c/.txt
./c/cc/.txt
./c/cc/.txt
./c/cc/.txt
./c/.txt
./b/.txt
./b/.txt
./b/.txt
./d/.txt
./d/.txt
./d/.txt

------------------->$ find .  -path "./a/aa" -prune -o -type f -print
./c/.txt
./c/.txt
./c/cc/.txt
./c/cc/.txt
./c/cc/.txt
./c/.txt
./b/.txt
./b/.txt
./b/.txt
./d/.txt
./d/.txt
./d/.txt
./a/.txt
./a/.txt
./a/.txt

2. 排除某些文件夹（注意，-type d和没-type中包含当前目录.）

------------------->$ find .  -path "./a" -prune -o -path './b' -prune -o -type d -print
.
./c
./c/cc
./d

------------------->$ find .  -path "./a" -prune -o -path './b' -prune -o -type f -print
./c/.txt
./c/.txt
./c/cc/.txt
./c/cc/.txt
./c/cc/.txt
./c/.txt
./d/.txt
./d/.txt
./d/.txt

不加-type：

------------------->$ find .  -path "./a" -prune -o -path './b' -prune -o -print
.
./c
./c/.txt
./c/.txt
./c/cc
./c/cc/.txt
./c/cc/.txt
./c/cc/.txt
./c/.txt
./d
./d/.txt
./d/.txt
./d/.txt

3. 使用！方法

首先在./c文件夹下新建了bb文件夹，总目录结构为

------------------->$ find . -print
.
./c
./c/.txt
./c/bb
./c/.txt
./c/cc
./c/cc/.txt
./c/cc/.txt
./c/cc/.txt
./c/.txt
./b
./b/.txt
./b/.txt
./b/.txt
./d
./d/.txt
./d/.txt
./d/.txt
./a
./a/.txt
./a/.txt
./a/.txt
./a/aa
./a/aa/.txt
./a/aa/.txt
./a/aa/.txt

------------------->$ find . ! -path './a*' ! -path './b*' -print
.
./c
./c/.txt
./c/bb
./c/.txt
./c/cc
./c/cc/.txt
./c/cc/.txt
./c/cc/.txt
./c/.txt
./d
./d/.txt
./d/.txt
./d/.txt

------------------->$ find . ! -path './a*' ! -path '*b*' -print
.
./c
./c/.txt
./c/.txt
./c/cc
./c/cc/.txt
./c/cc/.txt
./c/cc/.txt
./c/.txt
./d
./d/.txt
./d/.txt
./d/.txt

------------------->$ find . ! -path './a' ! -path './b' -print
.
./c
./c/.txt
./c/bb
./c/.txt
./c/cc
./c/cc/.txt
./c/cc/.txt
./c/cc/.txt
./c/.txt
./b/.txt
./b/.txt
./b/.txt
./d
./d/.txt
./d/.txt
./d/.txt
./a/.txt
./a/.txt
./a/.txt
./a/aa
./a/aa/.txt
./a/aa/.txt
./a/aa/.txt

也可以排除当前目录：

------------------->$ find . -type d -print
.
./c
./c/bb
./c/cc
./b
./d
./a
./a/aa

------------------->$ find . ! -path '.' -type d -print
./c
./c/bb
./c/cc
./b
./d
./a
./a/aa

------------------->$ find /home/rain/test/find/ -type d -print
/home/rain/test/find/
/home/rain/test/find/c
/home/rain/test/find/c/bb
/home/rain/test/find/c/cc
/home/rain/test/find/b
/home/rain/test/find/d
/home/rain/test/find/a
/home/rain/test/find/a/aa

------------------->$ find /home/rain/test/find/ ! -path '/home/rain/test/find/' -type d -print
/home/rain/test/find/c
/home/rain/test/find/c/bb
/home/rain/test/find/c/cc
/home/rain/test/find/b
/home/rain/test/find/d
/home/rain/test/find/a
/home/rain/test/find/a/aa

------------------->$ find /home/rain/test/find/ ! -path '*/' -type d -print
/home/rain/test/find/c
/home/rain/test/find/c/bb
/home/rain/test/find/c/cc
/home/rain/test/find/b
/home/rain/test/find/d
/home/rain/test/find/a
/home/rain/test/find/a/aa