一、安装Nginx:

1、解决依赖关系

编译安装nginx需要事先需要安装开发包组"Development Tools"和 "Development Libraries"。同时,还需要专门安装pcre-devel包:

# yum groupinstall -y "Development Tools" "Server Platform Development"

# yum -y install pcre-devel

2、安装

首先添加用户nginx,实现以之运行nginx服务进程:

# groupadd -r nginx

# useradd -r -g nginx nginx



调整系统当前时间

# date -s "04/07/2016 10:40:00"



# tar xf nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz 

# cd nginx-1.8.1



接着开始编译和安装:

# ./configure \

  --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \

  --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx \

  --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \

  --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \

  --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \

  --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid  \

  --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \

  --user=nginx \

  --group=nginx \

  --with-http_ssl_module \

  --with-http_flv_module \

  --with-http_stub_status_module \

  --with-http_gzip_static_module \

  --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \

  --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \

  --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \

  --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \

  --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \

--with-pcre \

--with-file-aio

# make && make install

说明:如果想使用nginx的perl模块,可以通过为configure脚本添加--with-http_perl_module选项来实现,但目前此模块仍处于实验性使用阶段,可能会在运行中出现意外,因此,其实现方式这里不再介绍。如果想使用基于nginx的cgi功能,也可以基于FCGI来实现,具体实现方法请参照网上的文档。

3、为nginx提供SysV init脚本:

新建文件/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx,内容如下:

#!/bin/bash

# nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server

# it is v.0.0.2 version.

# chkconfig: - 85 15

# description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server.

#              It has a lot of features, but it's not for everyone.

# processname: nginx

# pidfile: /var/run/nginx/nginx.pid

# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

nginxd=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

nginx_config=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

nginx_pid=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid

RETVAL=0

prog="nginx"

# Source function library.

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.

. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.

[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0

[ -x $nginxd ] || exit 0

# Start nginx daemons functions.

start() {

if [ -e $nginx_pid ];then

   echo "nginx already running...."

   exit 1

fi

   echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

   daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config}

   RETVAL=$?

   echo

   [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx

   return $RETVAL

}

# Stop nginx daemons functions.

stop() {

        echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

        killproc $nginxd

        RETVAL=$?

        echo

        [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx /var/run/nginx/nginx.pid

}

# reload nginx service functions.

reload() {

    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "

    #kill -HUP `cat ${nginx_pid}`

    killproc $nginxd -HUP

    RETVAL=$?

    echo

}

# See how we were called.

case "$1" in

start)

        start

        ;;

stop)

        stop

        ;;

reload)

        reload

        ;;

restart)

        stop

        start

        ;;

status)

        status $prog

        RETVAL=$?

        ;;

*)

        echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}"

        exit 1

esac

exit $RETVAL



而后为此脚本赋予执行权限:

# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx



添加至服务管理列表,并让其开机自动启动:

# chkconfig --add nginx

# chkconfig nginx on



而后就可以启动服务并测试了:

# service nginx start

报错:

Starting nginx: nginx: [emerg] mkdir() "/var/tmp/nginx/client/" failed (2: No such file or directory)

                                                           [FAILED]

# mkdir -pv /var/tmp/nginx/client/

二、安装mysql-5.5.42

1、安装cmake编译工具及依赖软件

# yum install -y gcc-c++

# yum install -y cmake

# yum install -y git

# yum install -y readline-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel

#  yum install -y bison



再次编译即通过

2、编译安装mysql-5.5.48

# tar xf mysql-5.5.48.tar.gz

# cd mysql-5.5.48

# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mydata -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_ZLIB=system -DWITH_LIBWRAP=0
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci

3、创建Mysql用户

添加mysql用户指定组id和用户id为306

# groupadd -r -g 306 mysql

# useradd -g mysql -r -g 306 -s /sbin/nologin mysql

# id mysql

uid=994(mysql) gid=306(mysql) groups=306(mysql)





改变数据存储目录和安装目录的权限

# cd /usr/local/mysql

添加存放日志的目录

# mkdir /data/binlogs

# mkdir /data/mydata

# chown -R :mysql ./*

# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/

4、启动脚本初始化数据库

# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mydata

为mysql提供sysv服务脚本:

# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

# cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf

5、编辑/etc/my.cnf配置,加入以下内容

innodb_file_per_table = 1

datadir = /data/mydata

log-bin=/data/binlogs/mysql-bin



注意:

经过实际测试innodb_file_per_table = ON这条参数需要innodb_file_per_table = 1 才能生效,具体可以通过mysql> show variables like '%per_table%';来查询

并修改此文件中thread_concurrency的值为你的CPU个数乘以2,比如这里使用如下行:

thread_concurrency = 2



而后就可以启动服务测试使用了。

为了使用mysql的安装符合系统使用规范,并将其开发组件导出给系统使用,这里还需要进行如下步骤:

6、输出mysql的man手册至man命令的查找路径:

编辑/etc/man.config,添加如下行即可:

MANPATH  /usr/local/mysql/man

7、输出mysql的头文件至系统头文件路径/usr/include:

这可以通过简单的创建链接实现:

# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include  /usr/include/mysql

8、输出mysql的库文件给系统库查找路径:

# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf



而后让系统重新载入系统库:

# ldconfig

9、修改PATH环境变量,让系统可以直接使用mysql的相关命令

vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

加入

export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

三、编译安装php-5.2.17

1、解决依赖关系:

# yum -y groupinstall "Desktop Platform Development"

# yum install -y bzip2-devel libmcrypt-devel

# yum install -y libcurl-devel



# yum install -y libmcrypt-devel

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

 * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn

 * extras: centos.ustc.edu.cn

 * updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn

Setting up Install Process

No package libmcrypt-devel available.

Error: Nothing to do

升级一下yum源,重新查找即可

# yum install -y epel-release





编译安装PHP 5.2.14所需的支持库:

# tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz 

# cd libiconv-1.13.1/ 

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libiconv

# make 

# make install 

cd ../ 



2、解压编译



# tar xf php-5.2.17.tar.gz 

# gzip -cd php-5.2.17-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.17 -p1 

# cd php-5.2.17





# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php \

  --with-config-file-path=/etc \

  --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \

  --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config \

  --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local/libiconv \

  --with-freetype-dir \

  --with-jpeg-dir \

  --with-png-dir \

  --with-zlib \

  --with-zlib-dir \

  --with-libxml-dir=/usr \

  --enable-xml \

  --disable-rpath \

  --enable-discard-path \

  --enable-bcmath \

  --enable-shmop \

  --enable-sysvsem \

  --enable-sysvshm \

  --enable-inline-optimization \

  --with-curl --with-curlwrappers \

  --enable-mbregex \

  --enable-fastcgi \

  --enable-fpm \

  --enable-force-cgi-redirect \

  --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt \

  --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf \

  --with-openssl \

  --with-mhash \

  --enable-pcntl \

  --enable-sockets \

  --with-ldap \

  --with-ldap-sasl \

  --with-xmlrpc \

  --enable-zip \

  --enable-soap \

  --with-bz2



合成一行

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php   --with-config-file-path=/etc   --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql   --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config   --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local/libiconv   --with-freetype-dir   --with-jpeg-dir   --with-png-dir   --with-zlib
  --with-zlib-dir   --with-libxml-dir=/usr   --enable-xml   --disable-rpath   --enable-discard-path  --enable-bcmath   --enable-shmop   --enable-sysvsem   --enable-sysvshm   --enable-inline-optimization   --with-curl --with-curlwrappers   --enable-mbregex
  --enable-fastcgi   --enable-fpm   --enable-force-cgi-redirect   --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt   --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf   --with-openssl   --with-mhash   --enable-pcntl   --enable-sockets   --with-ldap   --with-ldap-sasl   --with-xmlrpc   --enable-zip
  --enable-soap   --with-bz2





说明:如果前面第1步解决依赖关系时安装mcrypt相关的两个rpm包,此./configure命令还可以带上--with-mcrypt选项以让php支持mycrpt扩展。--with-snmp选项则用于实现php的SNMP扩展,但此功能要求提前安装net-snmp相关软件包。



配置参数说明:



--prefix=[path]: 设定安装路径

--disable-debug: 编译时禁止加入调试符号



--enable-shmop: 启用shmop模块。Shmop is an easy to use set of functions that allows PHP to read, write, create and delete Unix shared memory segments.



--with-gd: 增加GD库的支持。GD库,是php处理图形的扩展库。



--with-jpeg-dir=[DIR]: GD库中jpeg lib的安装路径的prefix



'--with-png-dir=/usr/lib64' '--with-libxml-dir=/usr/lib64' '--with-zlib-dir=/usr/lib64': 与--with-jpeg-dir类似



--with-mysqli=FILE: 包含mysqli的支持。如果DIR取值为mysqlnd,则 the MySQL native driver will be used mysql_config



--with-mysql=DIR: 包含mysql的支持。如果DIR取值为mysqlnd,则 the MySQL native driver will be used /usr/local



--with-pdo-mysql=DIR: 支持PDO Mysql扩展模块。PDO扩展为PHP访问数据库定义了一个轻量级的、一致性的接口,它提供了一个数据访问抽象层,这样,无论使用什么数据库,都可以通过一致的函数执行查询和获取数据。如果DIR取值为mysqlnd,则 the MySQL native driver will be used /usr/local



--enable-sockets: 增加socket支持



--with-iconv-dir=DIR: 激活iconv,iconv是默认激活的,会到默认路径中区搜索。iconv函数库能够完成各种字符集间的转换,是php编程中不可缺少的基础函数库。



--enable-mbstring: Enable multibyte string support



--enable-mbregex:该选项默认开启。 MBSTRING: enable multibyte regex(正则表达式) support



--enable-ftp: Enable FTP support



--enable-gd-native-ttf: GD: Enable TrueType string function (ttf: TrueType string)



--with-curl=[DIR]: Include cURL support



--enable-fpm: Enable building of the fpm SAPI executable (非常重要的一个选项,用来开启FPM的支持)



--enable-pcntl: Enable pcntl support (CLI/CGI only) (php进程控制扩展)



--enable-sysvmsg: Enable sysvmsg support. 即System V消息队列



--enable-sysvsem: Enable sysvsem support. 即System V信号量



-enable-sysvshm: Enable sysvshm support. 即System V共享内存



php中对共享内存段的操作有两组函数:System V IPC和Shared Memory。 其中System V IPC系列函数能够更方便的操作数据,无需像Shared Memory那样必须自己掌握读写时的偏移量、长度等,也不用序列化/反序列化来回转换(因为Shared Memory函数只支持字符串格式的数据参数)。但是System V IPC系列不支持Windows,所以如果要在win环境下使用,只能选Shared Memory。



'--enable-zip': Include Zip read/write support



--with-freetype-dir=DIR: GD库相关。 GD: Set the path to FreeType 2 install prefix

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

报错1:





configure: error: libjpeg.(a|so) not found.

configure: error: libpng.(a|so) not found.

处理:

# ln -s /usr/lib64/libjpeg.so /usr/lib/

# ln -s /usr/lib64/libpng.so /usr/lib/





报错2:

configure: error: Cannot find ldap libraries in /usr/lib.:





# rpm -qa | grep ldap

python-ldap-2.3.10-1.el6.x86_64

openldap-2.4.40-7.el6_7.x86_64

openldap-devel-2.4.40-7.el6_7.x86_64





处理

# cp -frp /usr/lib64/libldap* /usr/lib/





configure: error: Please reinstall libmhash - I cannot find mhash.h

# yum list all | grep mhash

mhash.i686                                  0.9.9.9-3.el6                epel   

mhash.x86_64                                0.9.9.9-3.el6                epel   

mhash-devel.i686                            0.9.9.9-3.el6                epel   

mhash-devel.x86_64                          0.9.9.9-3.el6                epel   

# yum install -y mhash-devel





报错3:

/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lltdl

collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

make: *** [sapi/cgi/php-cgi] Error 1

# yum install -y *ltdl*





安装libtool-ltdl-devel





报错4:

error while loading shared libraries: libiconv.so.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

解决办法如下:

1.在/etc/ld.so.conf中加一行/usr/local/lib,

2.然后运行/sbin/ldconfig,文件解决,没有报错





报错5:

ext/iconv/iconv.o: In function `_php_iconv_strpos':

/root/php-5.2.17/ext/iconv/iconv.c:851: undefined reference to `libiconv_open'

/root/php-5.2.17/ext/iconv/iconv.c:879: undefined reference to `libiconv'

/root/php-5.2.17/ext/iconv/iconv.c:993: undefined reference to `libiconv_close'

ext/iconv/iconv.o: In function `_php_iconv_mime_encode':

/root/php-5.2.17/ext/iconv/iconv.c:1043: undefined reference to `libiconv_open'

/root/php-5.2.17/ext/iconv/iconv.c:1057: undefined reference to `libiconv_open'

/root/php-5.2.17/ext/iconv/iconv.c:1176: undefined reference to `libiconv'

/root/php-5.2.17/ext/iconv/iconv.c:1128: undefined reference to `libiconv'

/root/php-5.2.17/ext/iconv/iconv.c:1160: undefined reference to `libiconv'

/root/php-5.2.17/ext/iconv/iconv.c:1319: undefined reference to `libiconv_close'

/root/php-5.2.17/ext/iconv/iconv.c:1228: undefined reference to `libiconv'

/root/php-5.2.17/ext/iconv/iconv.c:1259: undefined reference to `libiconv'

/root/php-5.2.17/ext/iconv/iconv.c:1316: undefined reference to `libiconv_close'

/root/php-5.2.17/ext/iconv/iconv.c:1303: undefined reference to `libiconv'

ext/iconv/iconv.o: In function `php_iconv_stream_filter_dtor':

/root/php-5.2.17/ext/iconv/iconv.c:2465: undefined reference to `libiconv_close'

ext/iconv/iconv.o: In function `php_iconv_stream_filter_append_bucket':

/root/php-5.2.17/ext/iconv/iconv.c:2616: undefined reference to `libiconv'

/root/php-5.2.17/ext/iconv/iconv.c:2615: undefined reference to `libiconv'

/root/php-5.2.17/ext/iconv/iconv.c:2537: undefined reference to `libiconv'

ext/iconv/iconv.o: In function `php_iconv_stream_filter_ctor':

/root/php-5.2.17/ext/iconv/iconv.c:2491: undefined reference to `libiconv_open'

ext/xmlrpc/libxmlrpc/encodings.o: In function `convert':

/root/php-5.2.17/ext/xmlrpc/libxmlrpc/encodings.c:73: undefined reference to `libiconv_open'

/root/php-5.2.17/ext/xmlrpc/libxmlrpc/encodings.c:81: undefined reference to `libiconv'

/root/php-5.2.17/ext/xmlrpc/libxmlrpc/encodings.c:101: undefined reference to `libiconv_close'

collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

make: *** [sapi/cgi/php-cgi] Error 1





# make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'





重新编译的时候需要

# make clean



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# make

报错:

collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

make: *** [sapi/cgi/php-cgi] Error 1

通过make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'命令即可

# make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'

# make test

# make install



为php提供配置文件:

# cp php.ini-dist /etc/php.ini





为php-fpm提供Sysv init脚本,并将其添加至服务列表:

# cp /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm



编辑 /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm

在#!/bin/bash下面添加两行

#chkconfig:345 62 62

#description:php-fpm





# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm

开机启动

# chkconfig --add php-fpm

# chkconfig php-fpm on





编辑/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf 



1、使用nginx用户

把下面两行的注释去掉

Unix user of processes

<value name="user">nginx</value>



Unix group of processes

<value name="group">nginx</value>



2、对fpm参数做调整,并启用pid文件(如下最后一行):

<value name="max_children">150</value>

<value name="StartServers">20</value>

<value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>

<value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>



接下来就可以启动php-fpm了:

# service php-fpm start



使用如下命令来验正(如果此命令输出有中几个php-fpm进程就说明启动成功了):

# ps aux | grep php-fpm

四、整合nginx和php

创建Nginx日志目录

# mkdir -p /web/logs

# mkdir -p /web/htdocs

赋权限

# chown -R nginx:nginx /web/





1、编辑/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,启用如下选项:

user nginx nginx;

worker_processes  8;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log;





pid        /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;





events {

    worker_connections  1024;

}



http {

    include       mime.types;

    default_type  application/octet-stream;





    sendfile        on;



    keepalive_timeout  65;

    server {

        listen       80;

        server_name  localhost;

index index.html index.php;



        access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log;



        location / {

            root   /web/htdocs;

        }



        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;

        location = /50x.html {

            root   html;

        }





        location ~ \.php$ {

            root           /web/htdocs;

            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;

            fastcgi_index  index.php;

            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

            include        fastcgi_params;

        }



    }



}



并在所支持的主页面格式中添加php格式的主页,类似如下:

location / {

            root   /web/htdocs;

            index  index.php index.html index.htm;

        }

        

而后重新载入nginx的配置文件:

# service nginx reload





3、在/usr/html新建index.php的测试页面,测试php是否能正常工作:

# vim /web/htdocs/index.php

<?php

phpinfo();

?>



接着就可以通过浏览器访问此测试页面了。

五、安装xcache,为php加速:

1、安装

# tar xf xcache-3.2.0.tar.gz 

# cd xcache-3.2.0

# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize

Configuring for:

PHP Api Version:         20041225

Zend Module Api No:      20060613

Zend Extension Api No:   220060519

# ./configure --enable-xcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config

# make && make install



安装结束时,会出现类似如下行:

Installing shared extensions:     /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/



2、编辑php.ini,整合php和xcache:



首先将xcache提供的样例配置导入php.ini

# mkdir /etc/php.d

# cp xcache.ini /etc/php.d



说明:xcache.ini文件在xcache的源码目录中。





接下来编辑/etc/php.d/xcache.ini,找到extension开头的行,修改为如下行:

extension = /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/xcache.so



3、创建xcache缓存文件



touch /tmp/xcache #创建文件



chmod 777 /tmp/xcache #设置权限



4、创建xcache管理员密码为123456

echo -n "123456" | md5sum #记住类似下面一行代码(md5加密之后的密码),后面会用到



e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e



5、配置php支持xcache



vi /etc/php.ini #编辑配置文件,在最后一行添加以下内容



[xcache-common]

extension = /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/xcache.so



[xcache.admin]

xcache.admin.enable_auth = On

xcache.admin.user = "xcache"

xcache.admin.pass = "e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e"



[xcache]

xcache.shm_scheme ="mmap"

xcache.size=60M

xcache.count =1

xcache.slots =8K

xcache.ttl=0

xcache.gc_interval =0

xcache.var_size=64M

xcache.var_count =1

xcache.var_slots =8K

xcache.var_ttl=0

xcache.var_maxttl=0

xcache.var_gc_interval =300

xcache.test =Off

xcache.readonly_protection = On

xcache.mmap_path ="/tmp/xcache"

xcache.coredump_directory =""

xcache.cacher =On

xcache.stat=On

xcache.optimizer =Off



[xcache.coverager]

xcache.coverager =On

xcache.coveragedump_directory =""



6、重新启动php-fpm

# service php-fpm restart

通过phpinfo()函数看是否启用了xcache

六、安装加速器Zendoptimizer

# tar xf ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz 

# cd ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64

进入data文件夹后,在此进入你php对应的版本目录(so文件是对应版本的,要看好PHP版本再安装)

# cd data

# ls

4_2_0_comp  4_2_x_comp  4_3_x_comp  4_4_x_comp  5_0_x_comp  5_1_x_comp  5_2_x_comp  poweredbyoptimizer.gif

# mkdir /usr/local/zend

# cp 5_2_x_comp/ZendOptimizer.so /usr/local/zend/



配置Zend optimizer

vi /etc/php.ini #编辑文件

在最后位置添加以下内容

[Zend Optimizer]

zend_optimizer.optimization_level=15

zend_extension="/usr/local/zend/ZendOptimizer.so"

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