docker基础及命令

1.启动docker

1. sudo systemctl start docker
2. sudo systemctl restart docker
3. sudo systemctl stop docker
4. sudo systemctl status docker

2.查看docker信息

1. sudo docker info

1. Containers: 1
2. Running: 0
3. Paused: 0
4. Stopped: 1
5. Images: 2
6. Server Version: 17.03.1-ce
7. Storage Driver: devicemapper
8. Pool Name: vgdocker-thinpool
9. Pool Blocksize: 524.3 kB
10. Base Device Size: 10.74 GB
11. Backing Filesystem: xfs
12. Data file:
13. Metadata file:
14. Data Space Used: 2.708 GB
15. Data Space Total: 20.4 GB
16. Data Space Available: 17.69 GB
17. Metadata Space Used: 1.917 MB
18. Metadata Space Total: 213.9 MB
19. Metadata Space Available: 212 MB
20. Thin Pool Minimum Free Space: 2.039 GB
21. Udev Sync Supported: true
22. Deferred Removal Enabled: true
23. Deferred Deletion Enabled: true
24. Deferred Deleted Device Count: 0
25. Library Version: 1.02.135-RHEL7 (2016-11-16)
26. Logging Driver: json-file
27. Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
28. Plugins:
29. Volume: local
30. Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
31. Swarm: inactive
32. Runtimes: runc
33. Default Runtime: runc
34. Init Binary: docker-init
35. containerd version: 4ab9917febca54791c5f071a9d1f404867857fcc
36. runc version: 54296cf40ad8143b62dbcaa1d90e520a2136ddfe
37. init version: 949e6fa
38. Security Options:
39. seccomp
40. Profile: default
41. Kernel Version: 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
42. Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
43. OSType: linux
44. Architecture: x86_64
45. CPUs: 2
46. Total Memory: 3.69 GiB
47. Name: wgl
48. ID: 2GXU:7CL7:ETAC:BTYX:M4V6:JSMV:3CIJ:4OZC:KKKX:D5IV:DVBX:T3KV
49. Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
50. Debug Mode (client): false
51. Debug Mode (server): false
52. Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
53. WARNING: bridge-nf-call-iptables is disabled
54. WARNING: bridge-nf-call-ip6tables is disabled
55. Experimental: false
56. Insecure Registries:
57. 127.0.0.0/8
58. Live Restore Enabled: false

3.运行第一个容器

1. sudo docker run --name wgl_centos -i -t centos /bin/bash
2. sudo docker rename oldername newname

 

      -i  保证容器中stdin是开启的，尽管我们并没有附着到容器中，是交互式shell的半边天；-t  是另一半边天，他告诉docker为要创建的容器分配一个伪tty终端。如要在命令行下创建一个我们能与之经行交互的容器，而不是一个运行后台服务的容器，这两个是基本的了。

4.查看宿主机容器列表

1. sudo docker ps -a #显示全部容器
2. sudo docker ps -l #列出最后一个运行的容器，也可以--format进一步控制显示
3. sudo docker ps -n x #显示最后x个容器。

5.启动，停止容器

1. sudo docker start（restart,stop） 容器ID(容器name)

6，附着到容器上

1. sudo docker attach 容器

例如

sudo docker start dreamy_knuth    先启动（启动后会沿用run命令时指定的参数运行）

sudo docker attach dreamy_knuth 后附着到容器，【及进入交互界面】

相当于

sudo docker start dreamy_knuth 

sudo docker exec -i -t dreamy_knuth  /bin.bash（可用于打开一个守护式容器）

 

7，创建守护式容器

1. sudo docker run --name wgl_centos_daemon -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo hello world;sleep 3;done"

在后台运行，只返回容器ID。

-d 在后台运行

 

8.获取守护式容器的日志

1. sudo docker logs 容器 #输出最后几条后返回
2. sudo docker logs -f 容器 #监控日志
3. sudo docker logs --tail 10 容器 #获取容器日志最后10条
4. sudo docker logs --tail 0 -f 容器 #跟踪最新日志

5. sudo docker logs -ft 容器 #监控日志+时间戳

 

9.dockers日志驱动

1. sudo docker run --log-driver="syslog" --name wgl_centos_daemon -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo hello world;sleep 3;done"

--log-driver=

syslog 将容器日志重新定向到Syslog,禁用dockers logs命令

json-file 默认，用dockers logs命令查看

none 禁用所有容器中的日志，禁用dockers logs命令

 

10.查看容器进程

1. sudo docker top wgl_centos_daemon

11.docker统计信息

1. sudo docker stats [容器1 容器2 容器3 ...]

 

12.在容器内部运行进程

 

后台式任务与交互式任务

 

后台式任务

1. sudo docker exec -d 53fc4852ce08 touch /opt/wgl.log # -u 为新启动的进程指定属主

通过docker exec 后台命令，可维护，监控，管理正在运行的容器

 

进入容器(不论是守护式还是交互式)的交互式界面

1. sudo docker exec -it 53fc4852ce08 /bin/bash

 

13，自动重启容器

1. sudo docker run --restart=always --name wgl_centos_daemon -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo hello world;sleep 3;done"

--restart会检查日期的退出代码

always        不认退出代码是什么，都重启

on-failure    退出代码非0才重启，还可以设置重启次数：--restart=on-failure：5

 

14.深入容器，容器详情

1. sudo docker inspect 容器

 

1. [dwsoft@wgl ~]$ sudo docker inspect wgl_centos_daemon
2. [
3. {
4. "Id": "53fc4852ce081422068efa8bdcbad05d8b51b4fe2ba0a4389c91508dc3fbd50a",
5. "Created": "2017-05-28T05:35:00.155823247Z",
6. "Path": "/bin/sh",
7. "Args": [
8. "-c",
9. "while true;do echo hello world;sleep 3;done"
10. ],
11. "State": {
12. "Status": "running",
13. "Running": true,
14. "Paused": false,
15. "Restarting": false,
16. "OOMKilled": false,
17. "Dead": false,
18. "Pid": 6450,
19. "ExitCode": 0,
20. "Error": "",
21. "StartedAt": "2017-05-28T05:35:01.363485741Z",
22. "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
23. },
24. "Image": "sha256:8140d0c64310d4e290bf3938757837dbb8f806acba0cb3f6a852558074345348",
25. "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/53fc4852ce081422068efa8bdcbad05d8b51b4fe2ba0a4389c91508dc3fbd50a/resolv.conf",
26. "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/53fc4852ce081422068efa8bdcbad05d8b51b4fe2ba0a4389c91508dc3fbd50a/hostname",
27. "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/53fc4852ce081422068efa8bdcbad05d8b51b4fe2ba0a4389c91508dc3fbd50a/hosts",
28. "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/53fc4852ce081422068efa8bdcbad05d8b51b4fe2ba0a4389c91508dc3fbd50a/53fc4852ce081422068efa8bdcbad05d8b51b4fe2ba0a
29. 4389c91508dc3fbd50a-json.log", "Name": "/wgl_centos_daemon",
30. "RestartCount": 0,
31. "Driver": "devicemapper",
32. "MountLabel": "",
33. "ProcessLabel": "",
34. "AppArmorProfile": "",
35. "ExecIDs": null,
36. "HostConfig": {
37. "Binds": null,
38. "ContainerIDFile": "",
39. "LogConfig": {
40. "Type": "json-file",
41. "Config": {}
42. },
43. "NetworkMode": "default",
44. "PortBindings": {},
45. "RestartPolicy": {
46. "Name": "no",
47. "MaximumRetryCount": 0
48. },
49. "AutoRemove": false,
50. "VolumeDriver": "",
51. "VolumesFrom": null,
52. "CapAdd": null,
53. "CapDrop": null,
54. "Dns": [],
55. "DnsOptions": [],
56. "DnsSearch": [],
57. "ExtraHosts": null,
58. "GroupAdd": null,
59. "IpcMode": "",
60. "Cgroup": "",
61. "Links": null,
62. "OomScoreAdj": 0,
63. "PidMode": "",
64. "Privileged": false,
65. "PublishAllPorts": false,
66. "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
67. "SecurityOpt": null,
68. "UTSMode": "",
69. "UsernsMode": "",
70. "ShmSize": 67108864,
71. "Runtime": "runc",
72. "ConsoleSize": [
73. 0,
74. 0
75. ],
76. "Isolation": "",
77. "CpuShares": 0,
78. "Memory": 0,
79. "NanoCpus": 0,
80. "CgroupParent": "",
81. "BlkioWeight": 0,
82. "BlkioWeightDevice": null,
83. "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
84. "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
85. "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
86. "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
87. "CpuPeriod": 0,
88. "CpuQuota": 0,
89. "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
90. "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
91. "CpusetCpus": "",
92. "CpusetMems": "",
93. "Devices": [],
94. "DiskQuota": 0,
95. "KernelMemory": 0,
96. "MemoryReservation": 0,
97. "MemorySwap": 0,
98. "MemorySwappiness": -1,
99. "OomKillDisable": false,
100. "PidsLimit": 0,
101. "Ulimits": null,
102. "CpuCount": 0,
103. "CpuPercent": 0,
104. "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
105. "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0
106. },
107. "GraphDriver": {
108. "Name": "devicemapper",
109. "Data": {
110. "DeviceId": "76",
111. "DeviceName": "docker-253:1-277138-721bd5780ec0a2800c9db53413e77636e96e787a4b330b9d665c2cf289c01c43",
112. "DeviceSize": "10737418240"
113. }
114. },
115. "Mounts": [],
116. "Config": {
117. "Hostname": "53fc4852ce08",
118. "Domainname": "",
119. "User": "",
120. "AttachStdin": false,
121. "AttachStdout": false,
122. "AttachStderr": false,
123. "Tty": false,
124. "OpenStdin": false,
125. "StdinOnce": false,
126. "Env": [
127. "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
128. ],
129. "Cmd": [
130. "/bin/sh",
131. "-c",
132. "while true;do echo hello world;sleep 3;done"
133. ],
134. "Image": "centos",
135. "Volumes": null,
136. "WorkingDir": "",
137. "Entrypoint": null,
138. "OnBuild": null,
139. "Labels": {
140. "build-date": "20170510",
141. "license": "GPLv2",
142. "name": "CentOS Base Image",
143. "vendor": "CentOS"
144. }
145. },
146. "NetworkSettings": {
147. "Bridge": "",
148. "SandboxID": "dc56c0446f06b8b53b914574c34ec35c09fa38bc9d43d70ba5750aef60915597",
149. "HairpinMode": false,
150. "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
151. "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
152. "Ports": {},
153. "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/dc56c0446f06",
154. "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
155. "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
156. "EndpointID": "0da7299f69c100fce911e1c6b12f333e56ff30e3ff7a2f799ee595af89265fc8",
157. "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
158. "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
159. "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
160. "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
161. "IPPrefixLen": 16,
162. "IPv6Gateway": "",
163. "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
164. "Networks": {
165. "bridge": {
166. "IPAMConfig": null,
167. "Links": null,
168. "Aliases": null,
169. "NetworkID": "23e919387bcf6493c7bdcd91e31b8995132fb7f081cfbac7778e855c6a4f6d58",
170. "EndpointID": "0da7299f69c100fce911e1c6b12f333e56ff30e3ff7a2f799ee595af89265fc8",
171. "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
172. "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
173. "IPPrefixLen": 16,
174. "IPv6Gateway": "",
175. "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
176. "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
177. "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02"
178. }
179. }
180. }
181. }
182. ]

 

也可用-f或--format，查看选定的结果，可查看多个容器，多个结果。

 

 

15，删除容器

1. sudo docker rm 容器
2. sudo docker rm -f 容器 #删除正在运行的容器
3. sudo docker rm `sudo docker ps -a -q` # -q只返回容器ID