Oracle PL/SQL之WITH查询

[转自] http://blog.csdn.net/t0nsha/article/details/6730855

为什么要用WITH？

1. 如果需要在一段复杂查询里多次应用同一个查询，用WITH可实现代码重用；

2. WITH查询类似将查询结果保留到用户临时表里，在大的复杂查询中可以减少IO，有一定的性能优化作用。

WITH查询有何限制与特性？

1. 如果当前schema下有与WITH查询别名相同的表，查询中WITH查询生成的表优先；

2. 只能用于select 语句；

3. WITH可包含一个或多个查询；

4. WITH查询可被其它查询或WITH查询引用。

示例：

1. duzz$scott@orcl>select * from dept;
2. DEPTNO DNAME           LOC
3. ---------- --------------- ----------
4. 10 ACCOUNTING      NEW YORK
5. 20 RESEARCH        DALLAS
6. 30 SALES           CHICAGO
7. 40 OPERATIONS      BOSTON
8. Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
9. duzz$scott@orcl>with dept as (select 1 a from dual) select * from dept;
10. A
11. ----------
12. 1
13. Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
14. duzz$scott@orcl>with dept as (select 1 a from dual) delete from dept where a=1;
15. with dept as (select 1 a from dual) delete from dept where a=1
16. *
17. ERROR at line 1:
18. ORA-00928: missing SELECT keyword
19. Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
20. duzz$scott@orcl>with wt1 as (select 1 a, 2 b from dual), wt2 as (select 1 c,3 d from dual) select * from wt1,wt2 where wt1.a=wt2.c;
21. A          B          C          D
22. ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
23. 1          2          1          3
24. Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
25. duzz$scott@orcl>with wt1 as (select 10 a, 2 b from dual), wt2 as (select deptno,loc from dept,wt1 where deptno=a) select loc from wt2;
26. LOC
27. ---------------------------------------
28. NEW YORK
29. Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
30. duzz$scott@orcl>

duzz$scott@orcl>select * from dept;

    DEPTNO DNAME           LOC
---------- --------------- ----------
        10 ACCOUNTING      NEW YORK
        20 RESEARCH        DALLAS
        30 SALES           CHICAGO
        40 OPERATIONS      BOSTON

Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
duzz$scott@orcl>with dept as (select 1 a from dual) select * from dept;

         A
----------
         1

Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
duzz$scott@orcl>with dept as (select 1 a from dual) delete from dept where a=1;
with dept as (select 1 a from dual) delete from dept where a=1
                                    *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00928: missing SELECT keyword

Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
duzz$scott@orcl>with wt1 as (select 1 a, 2 b from dual), wt2 as (select 1 c,3 d from dual) select * from wt1,wt2 where wt1.a=wt2.c;

         A          B          C          D
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
         1          2          1          3

Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
duzz$scott@orcl>with wt1 as (select 10 a, 2 b from dual), wt2 as (select deptno,loc from dept,wt1 where deptno=a) select loc from wt2;

LOC
---------------------------------------
NEW YORK

Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
duzz$scott@orcl>