网络编程之 requests 模块

1. get 请求

1 import requests
2 url = 'http://api.xxxx.cn/api/user/stu_info?stu_name=xiaohei'
3 data = {'stu_name':'小黑'}
4 req = requests.get(url,params=data)    #发get请求
5 print(req.json())
6 print(type(req.json()))        #返回类型为：字典
7 print(req.text)
8 print(type(req.text))        #返回类型为：字符串的json串

2. post 请求

import requests
url = 'http://api.xxxx.cn/api/user/login'
data = {'username':'joseph','passwd':'aA123456'}
req = requests.post(url,data)
print(req.json())

3. 上传文件

import requests,json
url = 'http://api.xxxx.cn/api/file/file_upload'
#上传txt等格式
# data = {
#     'file':open('baidu.html',encoding='utf-8')
# }
#上传图片格式
data = {
    'file':open(r'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\joseph.PNG','rb')
}    

req = requests.post(url,files = data)
# print(req.json())    #返回成字典，
# 如果报错，json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)
#说明返回不成字典，要用req.text
print(req.text)

4. 入参为json类型

import requests,random
phone = random.randint(10000000000,99999999999)
url = 'http://api.xxxx.cn/api/user/add_stu'
data =  {
    "name":"joseph",
    "grade":"天蝎座",
    "phone":phone,
    "sex":"男",
    "age":28,
    "addr":"河南省济源市北海大道32号"
  }
req = requests.post(url,json=data)    #入参是json时，采用json=data
print(req.json())

5. 添加cookie

import requests,random
phone = random.randint(10000000000,99999999999)
url = 'http://api.xxxx.cn/api/user/gold_add'
data =  {
    "stu_id":468,
    "gold":178
  }        #传入的参数
cookie = {'joseph':'337ca4cc825302b3a8791ac7f9dc4bc6'}    #cookie
req = requests.post(url,data,cookies = cookie)
print(req.json())

6. 添加header

import requests
url = 'http://api.xxxx.cn/api/user/all_stu'
header = {
    'Referer':'http://api.xxxx.cn/'
}
req = requests.get(url,headers= header)
print(req.json())

7. 下载图片

import requests
url = 'http://imgsrc.baidu.com/imgad/pic/item/9d82d158ccbf6c8154bdd5ccb63eb13533fa4008.jpg'
req = requests.get(url)
# res = req.content    #req.content返回的是二进制
# print(res)
fw = open('s.jpg','wb')
fw.write(req.content)