【selenium】基于python语言，如何用select选择下拉框

在项目测试中遇到了下拉框选择的控件，来总结下如何使用select选择下拉框：

下图是Select类的初始化描述，意思是，给定元素是得是select类型，不是就抛异常。接下来给了例子：要操作这个select，先要定位到，然后再通过select_by_index 选择下拉框

def __init__(self, webelement):
    """
    Constructor. A check is made that the given element is, indeed, a SELECT tag. If it is not,
    then an UnexpectedTagNameException is thrown.
 
    :Args:
     - webelement - element SELECT element to wrap
 
    Example:
        from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select \n
        Select(driver.find_element_by_tag_name("select")).select_by_index(2)
    """
    if webelement.tag_name.lower() != "select":
        raise UnexpectedTagNameException(
            "Select only works on <select> elements, not on <%s>" %
            webelement.tag_name)
    self._el = webelement
    multi = self._el.get_attribute("multiple")
    self.is_multiple = multi and multi != "false"

1、select_by_value:

看下代码：

    def select_by_value(self, value):
        """Select all options that have a value matching the argument. That is, when given "foo" this
           would select an option like:
 
           <option value="foo">Bar</option>
 
           :Args:
            - value - The value to match against
 
           throws NoSuchElementException If there is no option with specisied value in SELECT
           """
        css = "option[value =%s]" % self._escapeString(value)
        opts = self._el.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, css)
        matched = False
        for opt in opts:
            self._setSelected(opt)
            if not self.is_multiple:
                return
            matched = True
        if not matched:
            raise NoSuchElementException("Cannot locate option with value: %s" % value)

就是说使用这个方法，下拉框属性需要有value，如果选项中不具有指定值的项，就抛异常。例如：

2、select_by_index
看下代码：

     def select_by_index(self, index):
         """Select the option at the given index. This is done by examing the "index" attribute of an
            element, and not merely by counting.
 
            :Args:
             - index - The option at this index will be selected
 
            throws NoSuchElementException If there is no option with specisied index in SELECT
            """
         match = str(index)
         for opt in self.options:
             if opt.get_attribute("index") == match:
                 self._setSelected(opt)
                 return
         raise NoSuchElementException("Could not locate element with index %d" % index)

这个是通过元素的“index”属性来完成

 
3、select_by_visible_text

看下代码：

     def select_by_visible_text(self, text):
         """Select all options that display text matching the argument. That is, when given "Bar" this
            would select an option like:
 
             <option value="foo">Bar</option>
 
            :Args:
             - text - The visible text to match against
 
             throws NoSuchElementException If there is no option with specisied text in SELECT
            """
         xpath = ".//option[normalize-space(.) = %s]" % self._escapeString(text)
         opts = self._el.find_elements(By.XPATH, xpath)
         matched = False
         for opt in opts:
             self._setSelected(opt)
             if not self.is_multiple:
                 return
             matched = True
 
         if len(opts) == 0 and " " in text:
             subStringWithoutSpace = self._get_longest_token(text)
             if subStringWithoutSpace == "":
                 candidates = self.options
             else:
                 xpath = ".//option[contains(.,%s)]" % self._escapeString(subStringWithoutSpace)
                 candidates = self._el.find_elements(By.XPATH, xpath)
             for candidate in candidates:
                 if text == candidate.text:
                     self._setSelected(candidate)
                     if not self.is_multiple:
                         return
                     matched = True
 
         if not matched:
             raise NoSuchElementException("Could not locate element with visible text: %s" % text)

 通过选择文本来匹配，然后给出了例子。看下我的例子：
 

我的代码：

    stafftype_loc = (By.XPATH, "//select[@ng-model='Invite.type']")
 
      find_element(*self.stafftype_loc).send_keys(stftype)