ansible+packer+terraform在aws上布署web服务器
各工具所扮演的角色
ansible:
配合packer生成安装有apache的基础镜像
packer:
生成amazon AMI
terraform:
以packer生成的镜像为基础，布署web服务器
下面我要放各种配置文件上来了，先来个目录树，省的凌乱。。。
packer/
├── bastion.json
├── playbook.yml
└── roles
└── httpd
└── tasks
└── main.yml
bastion.json(这个是packer要用到的文件)
[root@ip-172-31-42-166 packer]# cat bastion.json
{
"variables": {
"aws_access_key": "",
"aws_secret_key": "",
"aws_region": "us-west-2"
},
"provisioners": [
{
"type": "ansible",
"playbook_file": "./playbook.yml",
"ansible_env_vars": [
"ANSIBLE_HOST_KEY_CHECKING=False",
"ANSIBLE_SSH_ARGS='-o ForwardAgent=yes -o ControlMaster=auto -o ControlPersist=60s'",
"ANSIBLE_NOCOLOR=True"
]
}
],
"builders": [{
"type": "amazon-ebs",
"access_key": "{{user `aws_access_key`}}",
"secret_key": "{{user `aws_secret_key`}}",
"region": "{{user `aws_region` }}",
"source_ami": "ami-0031f978",
"instance_type": "t2.micro",
"ssh_username": "root",
"ami_name": "packer-bastion {{timestamp | clean_ami_name}}"
}]
}
下面是ansible的playbook
[root@ip-172-31-42-166 packer]# cat playbook.yml
---
- hosts: all
remote_user: sysop
become: yes
vars:
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: '{{ AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}'
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: '{{ AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}'
filename: '{{ filename }}'
rolename: '{{ rolename }}'
project: '{{ project }}'
release: '{{ release }}'
envname: '{{ envname }}'
processList: '{{ processList}}'
roles:
- httpd
[root@ip-172-31-42-166 packer]# ls
bastion.json playbook.yml roles
[root@ip-172-31-42-166 packer]# cat playbook.yml
---
- hosts: all
remote_user: sysop
become: yes
vars:
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: '{{ AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}'
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: '{{ AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}'
filename: '{{ filename }}'
rolename: '{{ rolename }}'
project: '{{ project }}'
release: '{{ release }}'
envname: '{{ envname }}'
processList: '{{ processList}}'
roles:
- httpd
下面是http的roles文件
[root@ip-172-31-42-166 packer]# cat roles/httpd/tasks/main.yml
- name: install the latest version of Apache
yum:
name: httpd
state: latest
好了配置文件就这么多。
生成amazon AMI
cd packer/ packer build bastion.json
来看看aws的控制台，ami已经生成了
下面基于terraform来启动web server
先把配置文件放上，注意看注释
[root@ip-172-31-42-166 data]# cat terraform_workspace/main.tf
provider "aws" {
region = "us-west-2"
}
resource "aws_instance" "example" {
ami = "ami-9842dbe0"
instance_type = "t2.micro"
vpc_security_group_ids = ["${aws_security_group.instance.id}"] #在这里我们引用了下面创建的安全组，没有顺序关系，terraform会自动生成顺序和依赖，使用terraform graph可以查看。
user_data = <<-EOF
#!/bin/bash
/etc/init.d/httpd start
chkconfig httpd on
EOF
tags {
Name = "apache"
}
}
resource "aws_security_group" "instance" {
name = "terraform-example-instance" #在这个resource里我们新建了安全组，需要在上面引用，否则无效
ingress {
from_port = 80 #web线上服务器一般不开80端口，打开小于1024的端口要使用root权限，这是不安全的，一般都是前线的负载均衡器开80，然后映射到后面的高端口上。
to_port = 80
protocol = "tcp"
cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
}
}
我们来访问一下试试：
curl http://<EC2_INSTANCE_PUBLIC_IP>:80 #成功了，显示了好大一堆，不放上来了
布署可配置的web服务器
什么是可配置的呢？我感脚就是引入变量。。。。。
所以上面的配置文件也可以写成这样式的：
[root@ip-172-31-42-166 terraform_workspace]# cat main.tf
provider "aws" {
region = "us-west-2"
}
variable "server_port" {
description = "define a variable server_port"
default = 80
}
resource "aws_instance" "example" {
ami = "ami-9842dbe0"
instance_type = "t2.micro"
vpc_security_group_ids = ["${aws_security_group.instance.id}"]
user_data = <<-EOF
#!/bin/bash
/etc/init.d/httpd start
chkconfig httpd on
EOF
tags {
Name = "apache"
}
}
resource "aws_security_group" "instance" {
name = "terraform-example-instance"
ingress {
from_port = "${var.server_port}"
to_port = "${var.server_port}"
protocol = "tcp"
cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
}
}
当然这变量还可以是一个列表，像这样：
variable "list_example" {
description = "An example of a list in Terraform"
type = "list"
default = [1, 2, 3]
}
或者是一组映射，像这样：
variable "map_example" {
description = "An example of a map in Terraform"
type = "map"
default = {
key1 = "value1"
key2 = "value2"
key3 = "value3"
}
}
布署web服务器集群
在aws中，auto scaling group可以控制服务器的启停，实现集群操作
要创建asg的第一步就是创建启动配置，长这样的：
resource "aws_launch_configuration" "example" {
image_id = "ami-9842dbe0"
instance_type = "t2.micro"
security_groups = ["${aws_security_group.instance.id}"]
user_data = <<-EOF
#!/bin/bash
/etc/init.d/httpd start
chkconfig httpd on
EOF
lifecycle {
create_before_destroy = true #在干掉一个机器之前，先启动一个机器 ，注意这里设置为true了，在安全组里也得设置成true，因为他们相互依赖的。
}
}
所以安全组长这样子:
resource "aws_security_group" "instance" {
name = "terraform-example-instance"
ingress {
from_port = "${var.server_port}"
to_port = "${var.server_port}"
protocol = "tcp"
cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
}
lifecycle {
create_before_destroy = true
}
}
好了，下面就可以写安全组的source了：
resource "aws_autoscaling_group" "example" {
launch_configuration = "${aws_launch_configuration.example.id}"
# The same availability zone as our instances
availability_zones = ["${split(",", var.availability_zones)}"]
min_size = 2
max_size = 3
tag {
key = "Name"
value = "terraform-asg-example"
propagate_at_launch = true
}
}
组合在一起，上个完整的配置文件：
provider "aws" {
region = "us-west-2"
}
variable "server_port" {
description = "define a variable server_port"
default = 80
}
variable "availability_zones" {
default = "us-west-2a,us-west-2b,us-west-2c"
description = "List of availability zones, use AWS CLI to find your "
}
resource "aws_instance" "example" {
ami = "ami-9842dbe0"
instance_type = "t2.micro"
vpc_security_group_ids = ["${aws_security_group.instance.id}"]
user_data = <<-EOF
#!/bin/bash
/etc/init.d/httpd start
chkconfig httpd on
EOF
tags {
Name = "apache"
}
}
resource "aws_security_group" "instance" {
name = "terraform-example-instance"
ingress {
from_port = "${var.server_port}"
to_port = "${var.server_port}"
protocol = "tcp"
cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
}
lifecycle {
create_before_destroy = true
}
}
resource "aws_launch_configuration" "example" {
image_id = "ami-9842dbe0"
instance_type = "t2.micro"
security_groups = ["${aws_security_group.instance.id}"]
user_data = <<-EOF
#!/bin/bash
/etc/init.d/httpd start
chkconfig httpd on
EOF
lifecycle {
create_before_destroy = true
}
}
resource "aws_autoscaling_group" "example" {
launch_configuration = "${aws_launch_configuration.example.id}"
#availability_zones = ["${data.aws_availability_zones.all.names}"]
availability_zones = ["${split(",", var.availability_zones)}"]
min_size = 2
max_size = 3
tag {
key = "Name"
value = "terraform-asg-example"
propagate_at_launch = true
}
}
在aws控制台上可以看到，新启动了两台机器。
现在我们已经有多台webserver在工作了，我们加个负载均衡器上去玩一下麻：
布署负载均衡器
关于负载均衡器，使用aws_elb resource进行配置：
resource "aws_elb" "example" {
name = "terraform-asg-example"
availability_zones = ["${data.aws_availability_zones.all.names}"]
security_groups = ["${aws_security_group.elb.id}"]
listener {
lb_port = 80
lb_protocol = "http"
instance_port = "${var.server_port}"
instance_protocol = "http"
}
health_check {
healthy_threshold = 2
unhealthy_threshold = 2
timeout = 3
interval = 30
target = "HTTP:${var.server_port}/"
}
}
还要配置相应的安全组：
resource "aws_security_group" "elb" {
name = "terraform-example-elb"
ingress {
from_port = 80
to_port = 80
protocol = "tcp"
cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
}
egress {
from_port = 0
to_port = 0
protocol = "-1"
cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
}
}
下面来个整体的配置文件吧，如果一个看着乱，可以拆分成多个：
provider "aws" {
region = "us-west-2"
}
variable "server_port" {
description = "define a variable server_port"
default = 80
}
variable "availability_zones" {
default = "us-west-2a,us-west-2b,us-west-2c"
description = "List of availability zones, use AWS CLI to find your "
}
resource "aws_instance" "example" {
ami = "ami-9842dbe0"
instance_type = "t2.micro"
vpc_security_group_ids = ["${aws_security_group.instance.id}"]
user_data = <<-EOF
#!/bin/bash
/etc/init.d/httpd start
chkconfig httpd on
EOF
tags {
Name = "apache"
}
}
resource "aws_security_group" "instance" {
name = "terraform-example-instance"
ingress {
from_port = "${var.server_port}"
to_port = "${var.server_port}"
protocol = "tcp"
cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
}
lifecycle {
create_before_destroy = true
}
}
resource "aws_security_group" "elb" {
name = "terraform-example-elb"
ingress {
from_port = 80
to_port = 80
protocol = "tcp"
cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
}
egress {
from_port = 0
to_port = 0
protocol = "-1"
cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
}
}
resource "aws_launch_configuration" "example" {
image_id = "ami-9842dbe0"
instance_type = "t2.micro"
security_groups = ["${aws_security_group.instance.id}"]
user_data = <<-EOF
#!/bin/bash
/etc/init.d/httpd start
chkconfig httpd on
EOF
lifecycle {
create_before_destroy = true
}
}
resource "aws_autoscaling_group" "example" {
launch_configuration = "${aws_launch_configuration.example.id}"
availability_zones = ["${split(",", var.availability_zones)}"]
load_balancers = ["${aws_elb.example.name}"]
health_check_type = "ELB"
min_size = 2
max_size = 3
tag {
key = "Name"
value = "terraform-asg-example"
propagate_at_launch = true
}
}
resource "aws_elb" "example" {
name = "terraform-asg-example"
availability_zones = ["${split(",", var.availability_zones)}"]
security_groups = ["${aws_security_group.elb.id}"]
listener {
lb_port = 80
lb_protocol = "http"
instance_port = "${var.server_port}"
instance_protocol = "http"
}
health_check {
healthy_threshold = 2
unhealthy_threshold = 2
timeout = 3
interval = 30
target = "HTTP:${var.server_port}/"
}
}
output "elb_dns_name" {
value = "${aws_elb.example.dns_name}"
}
[root@ip-172-31-42-166 terraform_workspace]# ls
main.tf main.tf.bak terraform.tfstate terraform.tfstate.backup
[root@ip-172-31-42-166 terraform_workspace]# cat main.tf
provider "aws" {
region = "us-west-2"
}
variable "server_port" {
description = "define a variable server_port"
default = 80
}
variable "availability_zones" {
default = "us-west-2a,us-west-2b,us-west-2c"
description = "List of availability zones, use AWS CLI to find your "
}
resource "aws_instance" "example" {
ami = "ami-9842dbe0"
instance_type = "t2.micro"
vpc_security_group_ids = ["${aws_security_group.instance.id}"]
user_data = <<-EOF
#!/bin/bash
/etc/init.d/httpd start
chkconfig httpd on
EOF
tags {
Name = "apache"
}
}
resource "aws_security_group" "instance" {
name = "terraform-example-instance"
ingress {
from_port = "${var.server_port}"
to_port = "${var.server_port}"
protocol = "tcp"
cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
}
lifecycle {
create_before_destroy = true
}
}
resource "aws_security_group" "elb" {
name = "terraform-example-elb"
ingress {
from_port = 80
to_port = 80
protocol = "tcp"
cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
}
egress {
from_port = 0
to_port = 0
protocol = "-1"
cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
}
}
resource "aws_launch_configuration" "example" {
image_id = "ami-9842dbe0"
instance_type = "t2.micro"
security_groups = ["${aws_security_group.instance.id}"]
user_data = <<-EOF
#!/bin/bash
/etc/init.d/httpd start
chkconfig httpd on
EOF
lifecycle {
create_before_destroy = true
}
}
resource "aws_autoscaling_group" "example" {
launch_configuration = "${aws_launch_configuration.example.id}"
availability_zones = ["${split(",", var.availability_zones)}"]
load_balancers = ["${aws_elb.example.name}"]
health_check_type = "ELB"
min_size = 2
max_size = 3
tag {
key = "Name"
value = "terraform-asg-example"
propagate_at_launch = true
}
}
resource "aws_elb" "example" {
name = "terraform-asg-example"
availability_zones = ["${split(",", var.availability_zones)}"]
security_groups = ["${aws_security_group.elb.id}"]
listener {
lb_port = 80
lb_protocol = "http"
instance_port = "${var.server_port}"
instance_protocol = "http"
}
health_check {
healthy_threshold = 2
unhealthy_threshold = 2
timeout = 3
interval = 30
target = "HTTP:${var.server_port}/"
}
}
output "elb_dns_name" {
value = "${aws_elb.example.dns_name}"
}
[root@ip-172-31-42-166 terraform_workspace]# ls
main.tf main.tf.bak terraform.tfstate terraform.tfstate.backup
[root@ip-172-31-42-166 terraform_workspace]# cat main.tf
provider "aws" {
region = "us-west-2"
}
variable "server_port" {
description = "define a variable server_port"
default = 80
}
variable "availability_zones" {
default = "us-west-2a,us-west-2b,us-west-2c"
description = "List of availability zones, use AWS CLI to find your "
}
resource "aws_instance" "example" {
ami = "ami-9842dbe0"
instance_type = "t2.micro"
vpc_security_group_ids = ["${aws_security_group.instance.id}"]
user_data = <<-EOF
#!/bin/bash
/etc/init.d/httpd start
chkconfig httpd on
EOF
tags {
Name = "apache"
}
}
resource "aws_security_group" "instance" {
name = "terraform-example-instance"
ingress {
from_port = "${var.server_port}"
to_port = "${var.server_port}"
protocol = "tcp"
cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
}
lifecycle {
create_before_destroy = true
}
}
resource "aws_security_group" "elb" {
name = "terraform-example-elb"
ingress {
from_port = 80
to_port = 80
protocol = "tcp"
cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
}
egress {
from_port = 0
to_port = 0
protocol = "-1"
cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
}
}
resource "aws_launch_configuration" "example" {
image_id = "ami-9842dbe0"
instance_type = "t2.micro"
security_groups = ["${aws_security_group.instance.id}"]
user_data = <<-EOF
#!/bin/bash
/etc/init.d/httpd start
chkconfig httpd on
EOF
lifecycle {
create_before_destroy = true
}
}
resource "aws_autoscaling_group" "example" {
launch_configuration = "${aws_launch_configuration.example.id}"
availability_zones = ["${split(",", var.availability_zones)}"]
load_balancers = ["${aws_elb.example.name}"]
health_check_type = "ELB"
min_size = 2
max_size = 3
tag {
key = "Name"
value = "terraform-asg-example"
propagate_at_launch = true
}
}
resource "aws_elb" "example" {
name = "terraform-asg-example"
availability_zones = ["${split(",", var.availability_zones)}"]
security_groups = ["${aws_security_group.elb.id}"]
listener {
lb_port = 80
lb_protocol = "http"
instance_port = "${var.server_port}"
instance_protocol = "http"
}
health_check {
healthy_threshold = 2
unhealthy_threshold = 2
timeout = 3
interval = 30
target = "HTTP:${var.server_port}/"
}
}
output "elb_dns_name" {
value = "${aws_elb.example.dns_name}"
}
注意：
配置完成的时候出了点问题，elb使用http方式检测webserver状态错误，但是tcp方式是可能，看下图；
它默认去找/index.html文件了，但是我装的apache路径默认不是这个，所以检测一定是失败的。
为了节省资源，我们可以把aws刚才创建的资源都干掉，只要留着配置文件随时可以烣复：
terraform destroy
that`all thank you~
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