Django--一对多表操作
- 需求
- 步骤

Django--一对多表操作

今天还以一个学生管理系统为例，先通过pymysql这个模块，进行一对多表操作，有以下两种方式

新url的方式：直接新开一个页面进行操作
ajax模态框的方式：在本页面通过模态框的方式进行操作

需求

对学生表进行增删改查

步骤

开始写功能
1. 添加路由
2. 设计模板
3. 写对应的接口函数

添加路由映射关系

urlpatterns = [

    # 新url方式

    url(r'^students/', students),

    url(r'^add_student/', add_student),

    url(r'^del_student/', del_student),

    url(r'^update_student/', update_student),

    # ajax方式

    url(r'^ajax_add_student/', ajax_add_student),

    url(r'^ajax_update_student/', ajax_update_student),

]

学生表的增删改查

# students.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>学生表</title>

    <style>

        a {

            color: black;

            text-decoration: none;

        }

        .shadow {

            position: fixed;

            left: 0;

            right: 0;

            top: 0;

            bottom: 0;

            background-color: black;

            opacity: 0.4;

            display: none;

        }

        .add_model, .update_model {

            position: fixed;

            height: 300px;

            width: 500px;

            left: 500px;

            top: 100px;

            background-color: white;

            display: none;

        }

        .model {

            margin-top: 20px;

            margin-left: 40px;

        }

    </style>

</head>

<body>

<h2>学生表</h2>

<table border="1" cellspacing="0">

    <tbody>

    <tr>

        <th>ID</th>

        <th>姓名</th>

        <th>年龄</th>

        <th>班级</th>

        <th>更新</th>

        <th>删除</th>

    </tr>

    {% for stu in students %}

        <tr>

            <td>{{ stu.sid }}</td>

            <td>{{ stu.name }}</td>

            <td>{{ stu.age }}</td>

            <td clsid="{{ stu.cid }}">{{ stu.cname }}</td>

            <td>

                <button><a href="/update_student/?id={{ stu.sid }}">更新</a></button>

                <button class="ajax_update">ajax更新</button>

            </td>

            <td>

                <button><a href="/del_student/?id={{ stu.sid }}" class="delete">删除</a></button>

{#                <button class="ajax_delete">ajax删除</button>#}

            </td>

        </tr>

    {% endfor %}

    </tbody>

</table>

<br><br>

<button><a href="/add_student/" target="_blank">添加学生</a></button>

<button id="ajax_add">ajax添加学生</button>

</body>

</html>

# add_student.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>添加学生</title>

    <style>

        a {

            color: black;

            text-decoration: none;

        }

    </style>

</head>

<body>

<h2>增加学生</h2>

<form action="/add_student/" method="post">

    姓名：<input type="text" name="sname"><br>

    年龄：<input type="text" name="sage"><br>

    <div style="margin-top: 2px;margin-bottom: 10px">

        班级：<select name="cid" id="" style="width: 166px; height: 21.5px">

        {% for class in classes %}

            <option value="{{ class.id }}">{{ class.cname }}</option>

        {% endfor %}

    </select>

    </div>

    <span style="color:red; font-size: 12px;">{{ data }}</span><br>

    <span style="margin-left: 48px;"><input type="submit" value="添加"></span>

    <span style="margin-left: 40px;"><button><a href="/students/">取消</a></button></span>

</form>

</body>

</html>

# uodate_student.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>学生信息更新</title>

    <style>

        a {

            color: black;

            text-decoration: none;

        }

    </style>

</head>

<body>

<h2>更新学生信息</h2>

<form action="/update_student/" method="post">

    <input type="hidden" name="sid" value="{{ student.id }}">

    姓名：<input type=" text" name="sname" value="{{ student.name }}"><br>

    年龄：<input type="text" name="sage" value="{{ student.age }}"><br>

    <div style="margin-top: 2px;margin-bottom: 10px">

        班级：<select name="cid" id="" style="width: 166px; height: 21.5px">

        {% for class in classes %}

            {% if student.cid == class.id %}

                <option value="{{ class.id }}" selected>{{ class.cname }}</option>

            {% else %}

                <option value="{{ class.id }}">{{ class.cname }}</option>

            {% endif %}

        {% endfor %}

    </select></div>

    <span style="color:red; font-size: 12px;">{{ data }}</span><br>

    <span style="margin-left: 48px;"><input type="submit" value="更新"></span>

    <span style="margin-left: 40px;"><button><a href="/students/">取消</a></button></span>

</form>

</body>

</html>

# urls.py

# 获取学生信息

@deco

def students(request):

    sql = 'select students.id as sid,name,age,classes.id as cid,cname from students left join classes on students.cid = classes.id order by sid'

    students = mysql(sql)[0]

    sql = 'select * from classes'

    classes = mysql(sql)[0]

    return render(request, 'students.html', {'students': students, 'classes': classes})

# 添加学生

@deco

def add_student(request):

    sql = 'select * from classes'

    classes = mysql(sql)[0]

    if request.method == 'GET':

        return render(request, 'add_student.html', {'classes': classes})

    else:

        sname = request.POST.get('sname')

        age = request.POST.get('sage')

        cid = request.POST.get('cid')

        if not (sname and age):

            data = "姓名年龄不能为空"

            return render(request, 'add_student.html', {'data': data, 'classes': classes})

        sql = 'select * from students where name=%s'

        res = mysql(sql, (sname,))[0]

        if res:

            data = "姓名已存在"

            return render(request, 'add_student.html', {'data': data, 'classes': classes})

        sql = 'insert into students(name,age,cid) values(%s,%s,%s)'

        mysql(sql, (sname, age, cid))

        return redirect('/students/')

# 更新学生信息

@deco

def update_student(request):

    sql = 'select * from classes'

    classes = mysql(sql)[0]

    if request.method == "GET":

        id = request.GET.get('id')

        # print(id)

        s_sql = 'select * from students where id=%s'

        student = mysql(s_sql, (id,))[0]

        return render(request, 'update_student.html', {'student': student, 'classes': classes})

    else:

        id = request.POST.get('sid')

        name = request.POST.get('sname')

        age = request.POST.get('sage')

        cid = request.POST.get('cid')

        s_sql = 'select * from students where id=%s'

        student = mysql(s_sql, (id,))[0]

        if not (name and age):

            data = "姓名或年龄不能为空"

            return render(request, 'update_student.html', {'student': student, 'classes': classes, 'data': data})

        sql = 'select * from students where name=%s and age=%s and cid=%s'

        res = mysql(sql, (name, age, cid))[0]

        if res:

            data = "学生信息已存在"

            return render(request, 'update_student.html', {'student': student, 'classes': classes, 'data': data})

        sql = 'update students set name=%s,age=%s,cid=%s where id=%s'

        mysql(sql, (name, age, cid, id))

        return redirect('/students/')

# 删除学生信息

@deco

def del_student(request):

    id = request.GET.get('id')

    # print(id)

    sql = "delete from students where id=%s"

    mysql(sql, (id,))

    return redirect('/students/')

ajax更新和添加

# students.html

<!--直接加在students.html页面里面-->

{# 遮罩层 #}

<div class="shadow"></div>

{# 弹出框层 #}

{# 增加学生 #}

<div class="add_model">

    {#    <input type="hidden" name="class_id">#}

    <div class="model">

        名字：<input type="text" name="name" id="add_student"><br>

        年龄：<input type="text" name="age" id="add_age"><br>

        <div style="margin-top: 2px;margin-bottom: 2px">

            班级：<select name="add_cid" id="add_cid" style="width: 166px; height: 21.5px">

            {% for class in classes %}

                <option value="{{ class.id }}">{{ class.cname }}</option>

            {% endfor %}

        </select></div>

        <span id="add_error" style="color:red; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 10px;"></span><br>

        <button id="add" style="margin-left: 48px;">添加</button>

        <button class="add_cancel" style="margin-left: 40px;">取消</button>

    </div>

</div>

{# 更新学生 #}

<div class="update_model">

    <div class="model">

        <input type="hidden" name="sid" id="up_sid">

        姓名：<input type="text" name="name" id="up_name"><br>

        年龄：<input type="text" name="age" id="up_age">

        <div style="margin-top: 2px;margin-bottom: 2px">

            班级：<select name="up_cid" id="up_cid" style="width: 166px; height: 21.5px">

            {% for class in classes %}

                <option value="{{ class.id }}">{{ class.cname }}</option>

            {% endfor %}

            </select>

        </div>

         <span id="up_error" style="color:red; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 10px;"></span><br>

        <button id="update" style="margin-left: 48px;">更新</button>

        <button class="up_cancel" style="margin-left: 48px;">取消</button>

    </div>

</div>

{# CDN导入jQuery #}

<script

        src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.12.4.min.js"

        integrity="sha256-ZosEbRLbNQzLpnKIkEdrPv7lOy9C27hHQ+Xp8a4MxAQ="

        crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

{# 删除学生 #}

<script>

    $('.delete').click(function () {

        res = window.confirm('是否删除学生');

        return res;

     });

</script>

{# 增加学生 #}

<script>

    $('#ajax_add').click(function () {

        $('.shadow, .add_model').css('display', 'block');

        {#$('.shadow, .add_model').show()#}

    });

    $('.add_cancel').click(function () {

        $('.shadow, .add_model').hide();

        window.location.href='/students/'

    });

    $('#add').click(function () {

        var name = $('#add_student').val();

        var age = $('#add_age').val();

        var cid = $('#add_cid').val();

        {#console.log(classname);#}

        $.ajax({

            type: 'POST',

            url: '/ajax_add_student/',

            data: {'name': name,'age':age,'cid':cid},

            success: function (data) {

                var res = JSON.parse(data);

                if (res['code'] == 10000) {

                    alert(res['msg']);

                    window.location.href = '/students/';

                } else {

                    $('#add_error').text(res['msg']);

                }

            }

        })

    });

</script>

{# 更新学生 #}

<script>

    $('.ajax_update').click(function () {

        $('.shadow, .update_model').show();

        var info = $(this).parent().prevAll();

        {#console.log(info)#}

        var age = info[1].innerText;

        var name = info[2].innerText;

        var id = info[3].innerText;

        var cid = $(info[0]).attr('clsid');

        $('#up_age').val(age);

        $('#up_name').val(name);

        $('#up_sid').val(id);

        $('#up_cid').val(cid);

    });

    $('.up_cancel').click(function () {

        $('.shadow, .update_model').hide();

        window.location.href = '/students/';

    });

    $('#update').click(function () {

        var name = $('#up_name').val();

        var age = $('#up_age').val();

        var id = $('#up_sid').val();

        var cid = $('#up_cid').val();

        {#console.log(classname,id);#}

        $.ajax({

            type: 'POST',

            url: '/ajax_update_student/',

            data: {'id':id,'name': name, 'age': age,'cid': cid},

            success: function (data) {

                var res = JSON.parse(data);

                if (res['code'] == 10000) {

                    alert(res['msg']);

                    window.location.href = '/students/';

                } else {

                    $('#up_error').text(res['msg']);

                }

            }

        })

    });

</script>

# urls.py

# ajax增加学生

@deco

def ajax_add_student(request):

    name = request.POST.get('name')

    age = request.POST.get('age')

    cid = request.POST.get('cid')

    res = {'code': None, 'msg': None}

    if not (name and age):

        res['code'] = 10001

        res['msg'] = '姓名年龄不能为空'

        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(res))

    sql = 'select * from students where name=%s and age=%s and cid=%s '

    resp = mysql(sql, (name, age, cid))[0]

    if resp:

        res['code'] = 10001

        res['msg'] = f'学生--{name}--已存在'

        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(res))

    sql = 'insert into students(name,age,cid) values(%s,%s,%s)'

    mysql(sql, (name, age, cid))

    res['code'] = 10000

    res['msg'] = f'学生--{name}--信息添加成功'

    return HttpResponse(json.dumps(res))

# ajax更新学生

@deco

def ajax_update_student(request):

    id = request.POST.get('id')

    name = request.POST.get('name')

    age = request.POST.get('age')

    cid = request.POST.get('cid')

    res = {'code': None, 'msg': None}

    if not (name and age):

        res['code'] = 10001

        res['msg'] = '姓名年龄不能为空'

        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(res))

    sql = 'select * from students where name=%s and age=%s and cid=%s '

    resp = mysql(sql, (name, age, cid))[0]

    if resp:

        res['code'] = 10001

        res['msg'] = f'学生--{name}--已存在'

        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(res))

    sql = "update students set name=%s,age=%s,cid=%s where id=%s"

    mysql(sql, (name, age, cid, id))

    res['code'] = 10000

    res['msg'] = f'学生--{name}--信息更新成功'

    return HttpResponse(json.dumps(res))

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Django--一对多表操作

Django--一对多表操作

需求

步骤

添加路由映射关系

学生表的增删改查

ajax更新和添加

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