centos 7 之nginx

环境信息

[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.1. (Core) 

[root@node1 ~]# uname -r
3.10.-.el7.x86_64

yum安装nginx

查看是有安装包

[root@node1 ~]#  yum list  | grep nginx

如果没有配置配置epel源

[root@node1 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

如果没有wget则安装

[root@node1 ~]# yum -y install wget

安装nginx

[root@node1 ~]# yum -y install nginx

查看版本

[root@node1 ~]# nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.10.

启动 nginx

[root@node1 nginx]# nginx

关闭

[root@node1 nginx]# nginx -s stop

重启

[root@node1 nginx]# nginx -s reload

安装netstat 命令并查看端口

[root@node1 nginx]# yum -y install net-tools
[root@node1 nginx]# netstat -lntup

开机启动

[root@node1 ~]# systemctl enable nginx

编译安装

安装环境

yum install gcc patch libffi-devel python-devel  zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel 
tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel openssl openssl-devel -y

安装启动nginx

下载源码包

[root@localhost opt]# wget -c https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz

解压源码包

[root@localhost opt]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz

配置，编译安装

[root@localhost nginx-1.12.0]# ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx1-12/ --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module

[root@localhost nginx-1.12.0]# make && make install

启动nginx

[root@localhost nginx-1.12.0]# cd ../

[root@localhost opt]# cd nginx1-12/sbin

[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx  #启动

[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx  -s stop #关闭

[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -s reload  #平滑重启

添加环境变量,在 /etc/profile文件中尾部添加

PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/opt/nginx1-12/sbin"

刷新
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile

安装完成后检测服务

[root@localhost sbin]# curl -I 10.0.0.21
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.12.0
Date: Mon, 11 Mar 2019 05:38:58 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Mon, 11 Mar 2019 05:29:12 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5c85f228-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

日志文件

log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  logs/access.log  main;

配置站点

配置nginx.conf文件

worker_processes  ;
events {
    worker_connections  ;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  ;
    server {
        listen       ;
        server_name  www.demo.com;
        location / {
            root   /var/www/demo;
            index  index.html ;
        }
        location /wx{
            root   /var/www/;
            index  index.html ;
        }
        error_page        /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}

创建 /var/www/demo 和 /var/www/wx 目录

[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/demo
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/wx

将 www 的用户和用户组改为nginx

[root@node1 var ]# chown -R nginx.nginx .

分别在 demo 和 wx 目录下创建index.html文件并写入数据

[root@node1 demo]# echo "demo" >/var/www/demo/index.html
[root@node1 demo]# cd ../wx/
[root@node1 wx]# echo "wx" >/var/www/wx/index.html
[root@node1 www]# cat demo/index.html
demo
[root@node1 www]# cat wx/index.html
wx

通过crul 命令进行测试也可以通过浏览器访问IP或域名+目录进行测试（不要忘了hosts做解析）

[root@node1 www]# curl 10.0.0.22
demo
[root@node1 www]# curl 10.0.0.22/wx/
wx

配置多个虚拟主机

在配置文件中与第一个server平级写入

       #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.wl21.com;

        location / {
                root /opt/wl21/;
                index index.html;
        }

    }

负载均衡

环境

主机名	IP	说明
node2	10.0.0.21	负载
node3	10.0.0.22	web01服务器
node4	10.0.0.23	web02服务器

node2配置

[root@node2 nginx]# vim nginx.conf

worker_processes  ;
events {
    worker_connections  ;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  ;
    upstream www_server_pools  {
        server 10.0.0.22:  weight=;
        server 10.0.0.23:  weight=;
    }
   server {
        listen     ;
       server_name  www.demo.com;
        location / {
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
        proxy_pass http://www_server_pools;
       }
   }
}

node2 的IP和域名需要解析

[root@node2 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

10.0.0.19   www.demo.com

node3 和 node4 配置相同

[root@node3 nginx]# vim nginx.conf

worker_processes  ;
events {
    worker_connections  ;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  ;
    server {
        listen       ;
        server_name  www.demo.com;
        location / {
            root   /var/www/demo;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page        /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}

创建 /var/www/demo 目录并创建  index.html 文件

10.0.0.22 配置

[root@node3 ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/demo
[root@node3 ~]# echo "demo3" >/var/www/demo/index.html 

10.0.0.23 配置

[root@node4 ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/demo
[root@node4 ~]# echo "demo4" >/var/www/demo/index.html 

域名解析后通过域名进行访问

访问结果

Keepalived 高可用

环境

主机名	IP	说明
node1	10.0.0.20	备负载
node2	10.0.0.21	主负载
node3	10.0.0.22	web01服务器
node4	10.0.0.23	web02服务器

安装 keepalived (10.0.0.20 备负载同样安装)

[root@node2 ~]# yum -y install keepalived
[root@node2 ~]# rpm -qa keepalived

配置keepalived  (主负载配置)

[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1
   smtp_connect_timeout
   router_id node2         #路由器标识，一个局域网内是唯一的
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {       #一个实例
    state MASTER           #角色 有 Master 和 Backup 两种
    interface eth0         #通信接口
    virtual_router_id 51   #虚拟路由标识，在一个配置文件内唯一
    priority 150           #竞选优先级
    advert_int 1           #同步通知间隔
    authentication {       #权限认证
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {    #虚拟IP地址 实际中为域名相对应的IP
        10.0.0.19
    }
}

配置keepalived  (备负载配置)

[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1
   smtp_connect_timeout
   router_id node1
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP            #角色，有Master和Backup两种
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id
    priority 100            #竞选优先级 数值越大优先级越高
    advert_int
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.0.0.19
    }
}

配置完成后重启keepalived

[root@node2 ~]# systemctl restart keepalived

[root@node1 ~]# systemctl restart keepalived

查看node2 主负载IP

[root@node2 ~]# ip a
: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu  qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback ::::: brd :::::
    inet 127.0.0.1/ scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::/ scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu  qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen
    link/ether :0c::1c:0e: brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.0.21/ brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.0.0.19/ scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe1c:e18/ scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

关闭主负载 keepalivied 再次查看主负载IP

[root@node2 ~]# systemctl stop keepalived

[root@node2 ~]# ip a
: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu  qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback ::::: brd :::::
    inet 127.0.0.1/ scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::/ scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu  qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen
    link/ether :0c::1c:0e: brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.0.21/ brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe1c:e18/ scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

此时查看备负载IP

[root@node1 ~]# ip a
: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu  qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback ::::: brd :::::
    inet 127.0.0.1/ scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::/ scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu  qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen
    link/ether :0c::::b8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.0.20/ brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.0.0.19/ scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe29:39b8/ scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

启动主负载keepalived 并查看IP

root@node2 ~]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@node2 ~]# ip a
: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu  qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback ::::: brd :::::
    inet 127.0.0.1/ scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::/ scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu  qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen
    link/ether :0c::1c:0e: brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.0.21/ brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.0.0.19/ scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe1c:e18/ scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

域名IP回到了主负载上面，此时备负载不在有域名IP

[root@node1 ~]# ip a
: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu  qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback ::::: brd :::::
    inet 127.0.0.1/ scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::/ scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu  qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen
    link/ether :0c::::b8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.0.20/ brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe29:39b8/ scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

最后要将keepalives 加入开机启动

[root@node1 ~]# systemctl enable keepalived
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl enable keepalived