paramiko模块的安装和使用（含上传本地文件或文件夹到服务器，以及下载服务器文件到本地）

安装和使用分两步介绍：

介绍一下，本文的运行环境是win7 64位 和python 2.7  。

安装：

　　WIN7_64位 安装python-ssh访问模块（paramiko）的安装教程，本人亲测下面教程没问题的，所以可以放心按步骤进行操作

参考地址：

http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/fdbd4277c629c9b89e3f4828.html

使用：

1. paramiko连接

　　使用paramiko模块有两种连接方式，一种是通过paramiko.SSHClient()函数，另外一种是通过paramiko.Transport()函数。

　　方法一：　　

 import paramiko
 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
 ssh.connect("某IP地址",22,"用户名", "口令")

　　方法二：

 import paramiko
 t = paramiko.Transport(("主机","端口"))
 t.connect(username = "用户名", password = "口令")

如果连接远程主机需要提供密钥，上面第二行代码可改成：

t.connect(username = "用户名", password = "口令", hostkey="密钥")

2. 上传本地文件到服务器：

 #!/usr/bin/python
 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

 import paramiko

 if __name__ == '__main__':
     host_ip = '10.*.*.*'
     port = ''
     username1 = '***'
     password1 = '***'
     t = paramiko.Transport(host_ip, port)
     t.connect(username=username1, password=password1)
     sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t)
     remotepath = r'/home/temp/b.txt'
     localpath = r'D:\aaa\a.txt'
     sftp.put(localpath, remotepath)
     t.close()

3. 下载服务器文件到本地：

 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 import paramiko
 import os

 def remote_scp(host_ip, port, remote_path, local_path, username, password):
     port= port or 22
     t = paramiko.Transport((host_ip, port))
     t.connect(username=username, password=password)
     sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t)
     src = remote_path
     des = local_path
     sftp.get(src, des)
     t.close()

 if __name__ == '__main__':
     host_ip = '10.*.*.*'
     remote_path = '/home/temp/a.txt'
     local_path = r'D:\aaa\a.txt'
     part_path= os.path.dirname(local_path)
     if not os.path.exists(part_path):
         os.makedirs(part_path)
     username = '***'
     password = '****'
     remote_scp(host_ip, 22, remote_path, local_path, username, password)

4. ssh连接服务器：

 #!/usr/bin/python
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 import paramiko

 def ssh2(ip, username, passwd, cmd):
     try:
         ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
         ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
         ssh.connect(ip, 22, username, passwd, timeout=50)
         stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd)
         #           stdin.write("Y")   #简单交互，输入 ‘Y’
         print stdout.read()
         #        for x in  stdout.readlines():
         #          print x.strip("＼n")
         print '%s＼tOK＼n' % (ip)
         ssh.close()
     except:
         print '%s＼tError＼n' % (ip)

 if __name__ == '__main__':
     host_ip = '10.*.*.*'
     port = ''
     username1 = '***'
     password1 = '***'
     ssh2(host_ip, username1, password1, 'less /home/temp/a.txt')

5. 目录下多个文件的上传下载：

 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 import paramiko, datetime, os

 host_ip = '10.*.*.*'
 username1 = '***'
 password1 = '****'
 port = 22
 local_dir = 'd:/aaa'
 remote_dir = '/home/temp/Templates'
 try:
     t = paramiko.Transport(host_ip, port)
     t.connect(username=username1, password=password1)
     sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t)
     files = os.listdir(local_dir)  # 上传多个文件
     # files = sftp.listdir(remote_dir)  # 下载多个文件
     for f in files:
         print ''
         print '#########################################'
         print 'Beginning to download file  from %s  %s ' % (host_ip, datetime.datetime.now())
         print 'Downloading file:', (remote_dir + '/' + f)
         # sftp.get(remote_dir + '/' + f, os.path.join(local_dir, f))  # 下载多个文件
         sftp.put(os.path.join(local_dir, f), remote_dir + '/' + f)  # 上传多个文件
         print 'Download file success %s ' % datetime.datetime.now()
         print ''
         print '##########################################'
     t.close()
 except Exception:
     print "connect error!"

6. 递归上传目录里面的文件或是文件夹到多个服务器

 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 import paramiko
 import datetime
 import os

 def upload(local_dir, remote_dir, hostname, port, username, password):
     try:
         t = paramiko.Transport((hostname, port))
         t.connect(username=username, password=password)
         sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t)
         print('upload file start %s ' % datetime.datetime.now())
         for root, dirs, files in os.walk(local_dir):
             print('[%s][%s][%s]' % (root, dirs, files))
             for filespath in files:
                 local_file = os.path.join(root, filespath)
                 print(11, '[%s][%s][%s][%s]' % (root, filespath, local_file, local_dir))
                 a = local_file.replace(local_dir, '').replace('\\', '/').lstrip('/')
                 print('', a, '[%s]' % remote_dir)
                 remote_file = os.path.join(remote_dir, a).replace('\\', '/')
                 print(22, remote_file)
                 try:
                     sftp.put(local_file, remote_file)
                 except Exception as e:
                     sftp.mkdir(os.path.split(remote_file)[0])
                     sftp.put(local_file, remote_file)
                     print("66 upload %s to remote %s" % (local_file, remote_file))
             for name in dirs:
                 local_path = os.path.join(root, name)
                 print(0, local_path, local_dir)
                 a = local_path.replace(local_dir, '').replace('\\', '/').lstrip('/')
                 print(1, a)
                 print(1, remote_dir)
                 # remote_path = os.path.join(remote_dir, a).replace('\\', '/')
                 remote_path = remote_dir + a
                 print(33, remote_path)
                 try:
                     sftp.mkdir(remote_path)
                     print(44, "mkdir path %s" % remote_path)
                 except Exception as e:
                     print(55, e)
         print('77,upload file success %s ' % datetime.datetime.now())
         t.close()
     except Exception as e:
         print(88, e)

 if __name__ == '__main__':
     # 选择上传到那个服务器
     serverlist = ['服务器00', '服务器01', '服务器02']
     for i in range(len(serverlist)):
         print ("序号：%s   对应的服务器为：%s" % (i, serverlist[i]))
     num = raw_input("请输入对应服务器的序号：")
     num = int(num)
     hostname = ['10.*.*.*', '10.*.*.*', '10.*.*.*']
     username = ['root', 'root', 'root']
     password = ['***', '***', '***']
     port = [22, 22, 22]

     local_dir = r'D:\aaa'
     remote_dir = '/home/temp/dd/'
     upload(local_dir, remote_dir, hostname=hostname[num], port=port[num], username=username[num],
            password=password[num])

7. 利用paramiko实现ssh的交互式连接

以下是通过paramiko模块直接用ssh协议登陆到远程服务器的操作代码，这里先定义一个interactive模块（即 interactive.py）,

 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 import socket
 import sys

 # windows does not have termios...
 try:
     import termios
     import tty

     has_termios = True
 except ImportError:
     has_termios = False

 def interactive_shell(chan):
     if has_termios:
         posix_shell(chan)
     else:
         windows_shell(chan)

 def posix_shell(chan):
     import select
     oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
     try:
         tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())
         tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno())
         chan.settimeout(0.0)
         while True:
             r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [])
             if chan in r:
                 try:
                     x = chan.recv(1024)
                     if len(x) == 0:
                         print '＼r＼n*** EOF＼r＼n',
                         break
                     sys.stdout.write(x)
                     sys.stdout.flush()
                 except socket.timeout:
                     pass
             if sys.stdin in r:
                 x = sys.stdin.read(1)
                 if len(x) == 0:
                     break
                 chan.send(x)
     finally:
         termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)

 # thanks to Mike Looijmans for this code
 def windows_shell(chan):
     import threading
     sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.＼r＼n＼r＼n")

     def writeall(sock):
         while True:
             data = sock.recv(256)
             if not data:
                 sys.stdout.write('＼r＼n*** EOF ***＼r＼n＼r＼n')
                 sys.stdout.flush()
                 break
             sys.stdout.write(data)
             sys.stdout.flush()

     writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,))
     writer.start()
     try:
         while True:
             d = sys.stdin.read(1)
             if not d:
                 break
             chan.send(d)
     except EOFError:
         # user hit ^Z or F6
         pass

写一个ssh_inter.py的交互主程序调用interactive模块，代码如下：

 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 import paramiko
 import interactive

 if __name__ == '__main__':
     host_ip = '10.*.*.*'
     username1 = '***'
     password1 = '***'
     port = 22
     # 记录日志写到本地文件中
     paramiko.util.log_to_file(r'D:/aaa/wu.txt')
     # 建立ssh连接
     ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
     ssh.load_system_host_keys()
     ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
     ssh.connect(host_ip, port=22, username=username1, password=password1, compress=True)
     # 建立交互式shell连接
     channel = ssh.invoke_shell()
     # 建立交互式管道
     interactive.interactive_shell(channel)
     # 关闭连接
     channel.close()
     ssh.close()

总结：

　　paramiko模块是一个比较强大的ssh连接模块，以上的示例只是列出了该模块的一些简单的使用方法，还可以使用threading模块加块程序并发的速度；也可以使用configparser模块处理配置文件，而我们将所有IP、用户信息操作都放入配置文件；使用setproctitle模块为执行的程序加一个容易区分的title等。
同样，虽然连fabric这样大名鼎鼎的软件使用的ssh都是用paramiko模块进行的封装，不过你依然可以选择不使用它，你也可以选择pexpect模块实现封装一个简易的ssh连接工具、或者使用同样比较火的salt-ssh模块。

参考文章：

1. http://www.111cn.net/phper/python/67973.htm　　　　
2. http://blog.csdn.net/wawa8899/article/details/52965077#