[USACO07FEB]牛的词汇The Cow Lexicon

https://daniu.luogu.org/problemnew/show/P2875

dp[i]表示前i-1个字符，最少删除多少个

枚举位置i，

如果打算从i开始匹配，

　　枚举单词j，计算从i开始往后，匹配完单词j的位置pos，删除的字母个数sum

　　　　dp[pos]=min（dp[i]+sum）

如果不用i匹配，dp[i+1]=min(dp[i])

#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

#define N 301

int l;

char s[N];
char word[][];
int len[];

int dp[N+];

void cal(int pos,int wh)
{
    int sum=,tmp=dp[pos];
    for(int i=;i<=len[wh];++i)
    {
        while(s[pos]!=word[wh][i])
        {
            pos++; sum++;
            if(pos>l) return;
        }
        pos++;
    }
    dp[pos]=min(dp[pos],tmp+sum);
}

int main()
{
    int w;
    scanf("%d%d",&w,&l);
    scanf("%s",s+);
    for(int i=;i<=w;++i)
    {
        scanf("%s",word[i]+);
        len[i]=strlen(word[i]+);
    }
    int mi;
    memset(dp,,sizeof(dp));
    dp[]=;
    for(int i=;i<=l;++i)
    {
        for(int j=;j<=w;++j)
            if(i+len[j]-<=l)
                if(s[i]==word[j][])
                    cal(i,j);
        dp[i+]=min(dp[i]+,dp[i+]);
    }
    cout<<dp[l+];
}

题目描述

Few know that the cows have their own dictionary with W (1 ≤ W ≤ 600) words, each containing no more 25 of the characters 'a'..'z'. Their cowmunication system, based on mooing, is not very accurate; sometimes they hear words that do not make any sense. For instance, Bessie once received a message that said "browndcodw". As it turns out, the intended message was "browncow" and the two letter "d"s were noise from other parts of the barnyard.

The cows want you to help them decipher a received message (also containing only characters in the range 'a'..'z') of length L (2 ≤ L ≤ 300) characters that is a bit garbled. In particular, they know that the message has some extra letters, and they want you to determine the smallest number of letters that must be removed to make the message a sequence of words from the dictionary.

没有几个人知道,奶牛有她们自己的字典,里面的有W (1 ≤ W ≤ 600)个词,每个词的长度不超过25,且由小写字母组成.她们在交流时,由于各种原因,用词总是不那么准确.比如,贝茜听到有人对她说"browndcodw",确切的意思是"browncow",多出了两个"d",这两个"d"大概是身边的噪音.

奶牛们发觉辨认那些奇怪的信息很费劲,所以她们就想让你帮忙辨认一条收到的消息,即一个只包含小写字母且长度为L (2 ≤ L ≤ 300)的字符串.有些时候,这个字符串里会有多余的字母,你的任务就是找出最少去掉几个字母就可以使这个字符串变成准确的"牛语"(即奶牛字典中某些词的一个排列).

输入输出格式

输入格式：

Line 1: Two space-separated integers, respectively: W and L

Line 2: L characters (followed by a newline, of course): the received message

Lines 3..W+2: The cows' dictionary, one word per line

• 第1行:两个用空格隔开的整数,W和L.

• 第2行:一个长度为L的字符串,表示收到的信息.

• 第3行至第W+2行:奶牛的字典,每行一个词.

输出格式：

Line 1: a single integer that is the smallest number of characters that need to be removed to make the message a sequence of dictionary words.

一个整数,表示最少去掉几个字母就可以使之变成准确的"牛语".

输入输出样例

输入样例#1： 复制

6 10
browndcodw
cow
milk
white
black
brown
farmer

输出样例#1： 复制

2