Netty4.0学习笔记系列之三:构建简单的http服务(转)
http://blog.csdn.net/u013252773/article/details/21254257
本文主要介绍如何通过Netty构建一个简单的http服务。
想要实现的目的是:
1、Client向Server发送http请求。
2、Server端对http请求进行解析。
3、Server端向client发送http响应。
4、Client对http响应进行解析。
在该实例中,会涉及到http请求的编码、解码,http响应的编码、解码,幸运的是,Netty已经为我们提供了这些工具,整个实例的逻辑图如下所示:
其中红色框中的4个类是Netty提供的,它们其实也是一种Handler,其中Encoder继承自ChannelOutboundHandler,Decoder继承自ChannelInboundHandler,它们的作用是:
1、HttpRequestEncoder:对httpRequest进行编码。
2、HttpRequestDecoder:把流数据解析为httpRequest。
3、HttpResponsetEncoder:对httpResponset进行编码。
4、HttpResponseEncoder:把流数据解析为httpResponse。
该实例涉及到的类有5个:HttpServer HttpServerInboundHandler HttpClient HttpClientInboundHandler ByteBufToBytes
1、HttpServer 启动http服务器
- package com.guowl.testhttpprotocol;
- import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
- import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
- import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
- import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
- import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
- import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestDecoder;
- import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseEncoder;
- public class HttpServer {
- public void start(int port) throws Exception {
- EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); // (1)
- EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
- try {
- ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap(); // (2)
- b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) // (3)
- .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { // (4)
- @Override
- public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
- // server端发送的是httpResponse,所以要使用HttpResponseEncoder进行编码
- ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpResponseEncoder());
- // server端接收到的是httpRequest,所以要使用HttpRequestDecoder进行解码
- ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpRequestDecoder());
- ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerInboundHandler());
- }
- }).option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128) // (5)
- .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); // (6)
- ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync(); // (7)
- f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
- } finally {
- workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
- bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- HttpServer server = new HttpServer();
- server.start(8000);
- }
- }
2、HttpServerInboundHandler 解析客户端的请求,并进行响应
- package com.guowl.testhttpprotocol;
- import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders.Names.CONNECTION;
- import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders.Names.CONTENT_LENGTH;
- import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders.Names.CONTENT_TYPE;
- import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus.OK;
- import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1;
- import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
- import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
- import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultFullHttpResponse;
- import io.netty.handler.codec.http.FullHttpResponse;
- import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpContent;
- import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders;
- import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders.Values;
- import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequest;
- import org.slf4j.Logger;
- import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
- import com.guowl.utils.ByteBufToBytes;
- public class HttpServerInboundHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
- private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpServerInboundHandler.class);
- private ByteBufToBytes reader;
- @Override
- public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
- if (msg instanceof HttpRequest) {
- HttpRequest request = (HttpRequest) msg;
- System.out.println("messageType:" + request.headers().get("messageType"));
- System.out.println("businessType:" + request.headers().get("businessType"));
- if (HttpHeaders.isContentLengthSet(request)) {
- reader = new ByteBufToBytes((int) HttpHeaders.getContentLength(request));
- }
- }
- if (msg instanceof HttpContent) {
- HttpContent httpContent = (HttpContent) msg;
- ByteBuf content = httpContent.content();
- reader.reading(content);
- content.release();
- if (reader.isEnd()) {
- String resultStr = new String(reader.readFull());
- System.out.println("Client said:" + resultStr);
- FullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, OK, Unpooled.wrappedBuffer("I am ok"
- .getBytes()));
- response.headers().set(CONTENT_TYPE, "text/plain");
- response.headers().set(CONTENT_LENGTH, response.content().readableBytes());
- response.headers().set(CONNECTION, Values.KEEP_ALIVE);
- ctx.write(response);
- ctx.flush();
- }
- }
- }
- @Override
- public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
- logger.info("HttpServerInboundHandler.channelReadComplete");
- ctx.flush();
- }
- }
3、HttpClient 向服务器发送请求
- package com.guowl.testhttpprotocol;
- import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
- import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
- import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
- import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
- import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
- import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
- import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultFullHttpRequest;
- import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders;
- import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpMethod;
- import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestEncoder;
- import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseDecoder;
- import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpVersion;
- import java.net.URI;
- public class HttpClient {
- public void connect(String host, int port) throws Exception {
- EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
- try {
- Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap(); // (1)
- b.group(workerGroup); // (2)
- b.channel(NioSocketChannel.class); // (3)
- b.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); // (4)
- b.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
- @Override
- public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
- // 客户端接收到的是httpResponse响应,所以要使用HttpResponseDecoder进行解码
- ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpResponseDecoder());
- // 客户端发送的是httprequest,所以要使用HttpRequestEncoder进行编码
- ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpRequestEncoder());
- ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpClientInboundHandler());
- }
- });
- // Start the client.
- ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync(); // (5)
- URI uri = new URI("http://127.0.0.1:8000");
- String msg = "Are you ok?";
- DefaultFullHttpRequest request = new DefaultFullHttpRequest(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.POST,
- uri.toASCIIString(), Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(msg.getBytes()));
- // 构建http请求
- request.headers().set(HttpHeaders.Names.HOST, host);
- request.headers().set(HttpHeaders.Names.CONNECTION, HttpHeaders.Values.KEEP_ALIVE);
- request.headers().set(HttpHeaders.Names.CONTENT_LENGTH, request.content().readableBytes());
- request.headers().set("messageType", "normal");
- request.headers().set("businessType", "testServerState");
- // 发送http请求
- f.channel().write(request);
- f.channel().flush();
- f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
- } finally {
- workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
- client.connect("127.0.0.1", 8000);
- }
- }
4、HttpClientInboundHandler 对服务器的响应进行读取
- package com.guowl.testhttpprotocol;
- import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
- import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpContent;
- import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders;
- import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponse;
- import com.guowl.utils.ByteBufToBytes;
- public class HttpClientInboundHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
- private ByteBufToBytes reader;
- @Override
- public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
- if (msg instanceof HttpResponse) {
- HttpResponse response = (HttpResponse) msg;
- System.out.println("CONTENT_TYPE:" + response.headers().get(HttpHeaders.Names.CONTENT_TYPE));
- if (HttpHeaders.isContentLengthSet(response)) {
- reader = new ByteBufToBytes((int) HttpHeaders.getContentLength(response));
- }
- }
- if (msg instanceof HttpContent) {
- HttpContent httpContent = (HttpContent) msg;
- ByteBuf content = httpContent.content();
- reader.reading(content);
- content.release();
- if (reader.isEnd()) {
- String resultStr = new String(reader.readFull());
- System.out.println("Server said:" + resultStr);
- ctx.close();
- }
- }
- }
- }
5、ByteBufToBytes 读取NIO的工具类,可以一次性把ByteBuf的数据读取出来,也可以把多次ByteBuf中的数据统一读取出来。
- package com.guowl.utils;
- import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
- import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
- public class ByteBufToBytes {
- private ByteBuf temp;
- private boolean end = true;
- public ByteBufToBytes(int length) {
- temp = Unpooled.buffer(length);
- }
- public void reading(ByteBuf datas) {
- datas.readBytes(temp, datas.readableBytes());
- if (this.temp.writableBytes() != 0) {
- end = false;
- } else {
- end = true;
- }
- }
- public boolean isEnd() {
- return end;
- }
- public byte[] readFull() {
- if (end) {
- byte[] contentByte = new byte[this.temp.readableBytes()];
- this.temp.readBytes(contentByte);
- this.temp.release();
- return contentByte;
- } else {
- return null;
- }
- }
- public byte[] read(ByteBuf datas) {
- byte[] bytes = new byte[datas.readableBytes()];
- datas.readBytes(bytes);
- return bytes;
- }
- }
注意事项:
1、可以通过在Netty的Chanel中发送HttpRequest对象,完成发送http请求的要求,同时可以对HttpHeader进行设置。
2、可以通过HttpResponse发送http响应,同时可以对HttpHeader进行设置。
3、上面涉及到的http对象都是Netty自己封装的,不是标准的。
Netty4.0学习笔记系列之三:构建简单的http服务(转)的更多相关文章
- Netty4.0学习笔记系列之一:Server与Client的通讯
http://blog.csdn.net/u013252773/article/details/21046697 本文是学习Netty的第一篇文章,主要对Netty的Server和Client间的通讯 ...
- Netty4.0学习笔记系列之二:Handler的执行顺序(转)
http://blog.csdn.net/u013252773/article/details/21195593 Handler在netty中,无疑占据着非常重要的地位.Handler与Servlet ...
- Netty4.0学习笔记系列之四:混合使用coder和handler
Handler如何使用在前面的例子中已经有了示范,那么同样是扩展自ChannelHandler的Encoder和Decoder,与Handler混合后又是如何使用的?本文将通过一个实际的小例子来展示它 ...
- Netty4.0学习笔记系列之二:Handler的执行顺序
Handler在netty中,无疑占据着非常重要的地位.Handler与Servlet中的filter很像,通过Handler可以完成通讯报文的解码编码.拦截指定的报文.统一对日志错误进行处理.统一对 ...
- WebService学习笔记系列(二)
soap(简单对象访问协议),它是在http基础之上传递xml格式数据的协议.soap协议分为两个版本,soap1.1和soap1.2. 在学习webservice时我们有一个必备工具叫做tcpmon ...
- .NET CORE学习笔记系列(2)——依赖注入【1】控制反转IOC
原文:https://www.cnblogs.com/artech/p/net-core-di-01.html 一.流程控制的反转 IoC的全名Inverse of Control,翻译成中文就是“控 ...
- DirectX 总结和DirectX 9.0 学习笔记
转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/graphics/archive/2009/11/25/1583682.html DirectX 总结 DDS DirectXDraw Surfac ...
- 步步为营 SharePoint 开发学习笔记系列总结
转:http://www.cnblogs.com/springyangwc/archive/2011/08/03/2126763.html 概要 为时20多天的sharepoint开发学习笔记系列终于 ...
- .NET CORE学习笔记系列(2)——依赖注入[6]: .NET Core DI框架[编程体验]
原文https://www.cnblogs.com/artech/p/net-core-di-06.html 毫不夸张地说,整个ASP.NET Core框架是建立在一个依赖注入框架之上的,它在应用启动 ...
随机推荐
- [React] Linting React JSX with ESLint (in ES6)
ESLint is a JavaScript linter (static analysis tool) that offers full support for ES6, JSX, and othe ...
- 新秀学习Hibernate——简单的增加、删、更改、检查操作
部分博客使用Hibernate单的样例,把数据库的映射显示了出来在上一篇的博客基础上这篇博客讲述怎样利用Hinbernate框架实现简单的数据库操作. 1.增加junit.jar 2.新建一个工具类H ...
- java.sql.SQLException: Invalid parameter object type. Expected 'java.util.Map' but found 'java.lang.String 转载
java.sql.SQLException: Invalid parameter object type. Expected 'java.util.Map' but found 'java.lang. ...
- 提取DLL类库代码
@SET destFolder=.\bin@XCOPY /I /Y %SYSTEMDRIVE%\WINDOWS\assembly\GAC_MSIL\Microsoft.ReportViewer.Pro ...
- shell入门之变量测试 分类: 学习笔记 linux ubuntu 2015-07-10 15:49 31人阅读 评论(0) 收藏
格式:test 测试条件 字符串测试: 注意空格: test str1 == str2 测试字符串是否相等 test str1 != str2 测试字符串是否不相等 test str1 测试字符串是否 ...
- iOS Sqlite3 Demo 及 FMDB Demo
本文是主要实现了三个函数: testSQLite3 是测试系统自带的sqlite3的demo testFMDB是测试FMDB存取简单的数据类型的 的demo testFMDB2是将任意对象作为一个整体 ...
- Java Socket 学习笔记
TCP协议的Socket编程 Socket:英文中的意思是插座.两个Java应用程序可以通过一个双向的网络通信连接实现数据交换,这个双向链路的一端称为一个Socket.Java中所有关于网络编程的类都 ...
- 重新看php数组
闲来有空,最近看php手册数组这块,对于array_values() 还是第一次接触,array_values是不保留键名,只有键值的函数,还有一个作用就是 重新索引. unset() 函数,是删除 ...
- DIV布局之道三:DIV块的覆盖,DIV层遮盖其他DIV
DIV布局网页的第三种方式:覆盖.DIV覆盖方式经常应用于网页弹出框的制作,例如在网店系统中,当用户没有登录时,点击购买,系统弹出一个登陆框. 请看代码: HTML部分: XML/HTML Code复 ...
- Notepad++在编程使用时的小技巧
http://blog.csdn.net/freewaywalker/article/details/8010790 为了编程时更快捷和适应个人习惯,我们可以对Notepad++进行一系列的设置,这当 ...