ERROR：libstdc++.so.6: version `CXXABI_1.3.8' not found (required by ...)

此文是以 CentOS Linux 7 (AltArch)操作系统为例，编译安装高版本 GCC 编译器的具体过程，此过程也完全适用于其它 Linux 发行版，只是在个别细节上（如使用 yum 还是 apt 或其他软件包管理器），读者需要灵活调整，修改为自己所用操作系统环境支持的指令。

一 系统信息：CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (AltArch)

  1. # gcc版本
  2. $ gcc --version
  3. gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)
  4. Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  5. This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
  6. warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
  8. # g++版本
  9. $ g++ --version
  10. g++ (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)
  11. Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  12. This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
  13. warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

二 问题描述：

KingbaseES数据库软件安装完成。

initdb初始化：error while loading shared libraries: libstdc++.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory。

  1. $ initdb -EUTF8 -moracle -Usystem -D /home/kingbase/data --enable-ci
  2. /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/kingbase: error while loading shared libraries: libstdc++.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
  3. no data was returned by command ""/home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/kingbase" -V"
  4. initdb: error: The program "kingbase" is needed by initdb but was not found in the
  5. same directory as "/home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/initdb".
  6. Check your installation.

三 排查过程：

1. 使用ldd打印程序或者库文件所依赖的共享库列表

  1. # cd /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/
  2. # 进入bin目录后，使用ldd命令打印程序或者库文件所依赖的共享库列表。
  3. $ ldd kingbase
  4. linux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x0000ffff97c80000)
  5. libpthread.so.0 => /usr/lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x0000ffff97c20000)
  6. libssl.so.10 => /usr/lib64/libssl.so.10 (0x0000ffff97b90000)
  7. libcrypto.so.10 => /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10 (0x0000ffff97980000)
  8. librt.so.1 => /usr/lib64/librt.so.1 (0x0000ffff97950000)
  9. libdl.so.2 => /usr/lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x0000ffff97920000)
  10. libm.so.6 => /usr/lib64/libm.so.6 (0x0000ffff97860000)
  11. libicui18n.so.52 => /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/./../lib/libicui18n.so.52 (0x0000ffff975f0000)
  12. libuuid.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libuuid.so.1 (0x0000ffff97410000)
  13. libc.so.6 => /usr/lib64/libc.so.6 (0x0000ffff97280000)
  14. /lib/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1 (0x0000ffff97c90000)
  15. libgssapi_krb5.so.2 => /usr/lib64/libgssapi_krb5.so.2 (0x0000ffff97210000)
  16. libkrb5.so.3 => /usr/lib64/libkrb5.so.3 (0x0000ffff97100000)
  17. libcom_err.so.2 => /usr/lib64/libcom_err.so.2 (0x0000ffff970d0000)
  18. libk5crypto.so.3 => /usr/lib64/libk5crypto.so.3 (0x0000ffff97070000)
  19. libz.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libz.so.1 (0x0000ffff97030000)
  20. libgcc_s.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x0000ffff96fe0000)
  21. libicudata.so.52 => /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/./../lib/../lib/libicudata.so.52 (0x0000ffff95960000)
  22. libstdc++.so.6 => not found
  23. libkrb5support.so.0 => /usr/lib64/libkrb5support.so.0 (0x0000ffff95930000)
  24. libkeyutils.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libkeyutils.so.1 (0x0000ffff95910000)
  25. libresolv.so.2 => /usr/lib64/libresolv.so.2 (0x0000ffff958d0000)
  26. libselinux.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libselinux.so.1 (0x0000ffff95880000)
  27. libpcre.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libpcre.so.1 (0x0000ffff95820000)

2. 使用find命令查找libstdc++.so.6文件

  1. # 如果使用find / -name 'libstdc++.so.6'没有查找到文件，使用find / -name 'libstdc++*'进行查找。
  2. # 如果不存在libstdc++.so.6文件，存在libstdc++*文件。类似libstdc++.so.6.0.19/20/21 此类文件
  3. # 使用ln -s libstdc++.so.6.0.19/20/21 libstdc++.so.6 新建新符号连接。
  4. $ find / -name 'libstdc++.so.6'
  5. /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6
  6. $ find / -name 'libstdc++*'
  7. /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6
  8. /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.19
  10. # 然后在使用ldd打印程序或者库文件所依赖的共享库列表
  11. # 如果ldd打印结果 libstdc++.so.6 => not found
  12. # 在当前系统用户环境变量添加 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
  13. # 添加完成后保存退出 source .bash_profile/.bashrc
  15. $ ldd kingbase
  16. ./kingbase: /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6: version `CXXABI_1.3.8' not found (required by /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/./../lib/libicuuc.so.52)
  17. linux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x0000ffff83ab0000)
  18. libpthread.so.0 => /usr/lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x0000ffff83a50000)
  19. libssl.so.10 => /usr/lib64/libssl.so.10 (0x0000ffff839c0000)
  20. libcrypto.so.10 => /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10 (0x0000ffff837b0000)
  21. librt.so.1 => /usr/lib64/librt.so.1 (0x0000ffff83780000)
  22. libdl.so.2 => /usr/lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x0000ffff83750000)
  23. libm.so.6 => /usr/lib64/libm.so.6 (0x0000ffff83690000)
  24. libicuuc.so.52 => /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/./../lib/libicuuc.so.52 (0x0000ffff83270000)
  25. libuuid.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libuuid.so.1 (0x0000ffff83240000)
  26. libc.so.6 => /usr/lib64/libc.so.6 (0x0000ffff830b0000)
  27. /lib/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1 (0x0000ffff83ac0000)
  28. libgssapi_krb5.so.2 => /usr/lib64/libgssapi_krb5.so.2 (0x0000ffff83040000)
  29. libkrb5.so.3 => /usr/lib64/libkrb5.so.3 (0x0000ffff82f30000)
  30. libcom_err.so.2 => /usr/lib64/libcom_err.so.2 (0x0000ffff82f00000)
  31. libk5crypto.so.3 => /usr/lib64/libk5crypto.so.3 (0x0000ffff82ea0000)
  32. libz.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libz.so.1 (0x0000ffff82e60000)
  33. libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 (0x0000ffff82d30000)
  34. libgcc_s.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x0000ffff82cf0000)
  35. libicudata.so.52 => /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/./../lib/../lib/libicudata.so.52 (0x0000ffff81670000)
  36. libkrb5support.so.0 => /usr/lib64/libkrb5support.so.0 (0x0000ffff81640000)
  37. libkeyutils.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libkeyutils.so.1 (0x0000ffff81620000)
  38. libresolv.so.2 => /usr/lib64/libresolv.so.2 (0x0000ffff815e0000)
  39. libselinux.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libselinux.so.1 (0x0000ffff81590000)
  40. libpcre.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libpcre.so.1 (0x0000ffff81530000)

3. Ldd依然提示libstdc++.so.6: version `CXXABI_1.3.8' not found (required by ...)

  1. # 使用strings命令查看libstdc++.so.6.0.19库文件CXXABI相关内容
  2. # 通过strings命令发现libstdc++.so.6.0.19库文件缺少CXXABI_1.3.8
  3. # 至此，问题基本确定。程序是在高版本gcc环境编译的，当前系统环境gcc版本低于程序编译环境版本。
  5. $ strings libstdc++.so.6.0.19 | grep 'CXXABI'
  6. CXXABI_1.3
  7. CXXABI_1.3.1
  8. CXXABI_1.3.2
  9. CXXABI_1.3.3
  10. CXXABI_1.3.4
  11. CXXABI_1.3.5
  12. CXXABI_1.3.6
  13. CXXABI_1.3.7
  14. CXXABI_TM_1

strings命令是二进制工具集GNU Binutils的一员，用于打印文件中可打印字符串，文件可以是文本文件（test.c），但一般用于打印二进制目标文件、库或可执行文件中的可打印字符。字符串默认至少是4个或更多可打印字符的任意序列，可使用选项改变字符串最小长度。

四 解决方法：

问题原因：CentOs 7默认gcc版本为4.8.5，程序编译环境gcc版本为5.4.0版本。当前系统gcc版本低于程序编译环境gcc版本导致的问题。

  1. $ gcc -v
  2. Using built-in specs.
  3. COLLECT_GCC=gcc
  4. COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/lto-wrapper
  5. Target: x86_64-redhat-linux
  6. Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada,go,lto --enable-plugin --enable-initfini-array --disable-libgcj --with-isl=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/isl-install --with-cloog=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/cloog-install --enable-gnu-indirect-function --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=x86-64 --build=x86_64-redhat-linux
  7. Thread model: posix
  8. gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC) 
  10. $ g++ -v
  11. Using built-in specs.
  12. COLLECT_GCC=g++
  13. COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/lto-wrapper
  14. Target: x86_64-redhat-linux
  15. Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada,go,lto --enable-plugin --enable-initfini-array --disable-libgcj --with-isl=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/isl-install --with-cloog=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/cloog-install --enable-gnu-indirect-function --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=x86-64 --build=x86_64-redhat-linux
  16. Thread model: posix
  17. gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC)

1. 使用系统提供的开发工具包来管理gcc版本：

优点：可以多版本并存，随时切换，不破坏原有gcc环境。

  1. # 1.安装centos-release-scl
  2. yum install centos-release-scl
  3. # 2.安装devtoolset。
  4. # devtoolset-5-gcc*，安装5.*版本的gcc，devtoolset-[这里输入对应数字就会安装对应的gcc版本{5/6/7/8/9}]-gcc*
  5. yum install devtoolset-5-gcc*
  6. # 临时启用对应的devtoolset，可以一次安装多个版本的devtoolset，用下面的命令切换到对应的版本
  7. # 只对本次会话有效，重启会话后还是会变回原来系统的gcc版本
  8. # 安装的devtoolset默认在/opt/rh目录
  9. # 每个gcc对应目录下面都有enable文件，需要启用某个版本，只需要执行
  10. # source /opt/rh/devtoolset-{5/6/7/8/9}/enable
  11. scl enable devtoolset-5 bash
  12. # 替换旧的gcc，设置LD_LIBRARY_PATH指向新版本gcc安装目录
  14. # https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-vault/7.9.2009/sclo/?spm=a2c6h.25603864.0.0.8147d00anRzFUg
  15. # 本次使用阿里云主机，版本对应sclo下无文件。采用手动编译gcc处理。

2 手动下载并编译安装gcc-5.4.0版本

  1. # 在服务器使用wget下载gcc-5.4.0版本gcc
  2. wget https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-5.4.0/gcc-5.4.0.tar.bz2
  3. # 下载完成后使用tar解压
  4. tar jxvf gcc-5.4.0.tar.bz2
  5. # 使用yum安装gcc编译依赖包
  6. yum install gmp-devel mpfr-devel libmpc-devel
  7. # 配置安装gcc，建议除解压目录外单独创建gcc-5.4.0-build目录
  8. $ ls -l
  9. drwxr-xr-x 38 16446 ftp        4096 Jun  3  2016 gcc-5.4.0
  10. drwxr-xr-x 34 root  root       4096 Feb  7 09:38 gcc-5.4.0-build
  11. -rw-r--r--  1 root  root   95661481 Jun  3  2016 gcc-5.4.0.tar.bz2
  12. # 由于gcc编译耗时较久，建议后台运行脚本来进行编译安装
  13. # 默认安装目录为/usr/local/也可以使用--prefix选项修改安装目录
  14. mkdir gcc-5.4.0-build
  15. cd gcc-5.4.0-build
  16. ../gcc-5.4.0/configure --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
  17. make -j$(nproc) && make install
  18. # 安装完成后，将新安装目录添加到环境变量LD_LIBRARY_PATH以使用新安装的gcc
  19. export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib64/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
  20. # gcc是向下兼容，版本不需要完全对应，高版本兼容低版本。
  21. # 查看新安装的gcc、g++
  22. $ gcc -v
  23. Using built-in specs.
  24. COLLECT_GCC=gcc
  25. COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/local/libexec/gcc/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/5.4.0/lto-wrapper
  26. Target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
  27. Configured with: ../gcc-5.4.0/configure --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
  28. Thread model: posix
  29. gcc version 5.4.0 (GCC) 
  31. $ g++ -v
  32. Using built-in specs.
  33. COLLECT_GCC=g++
  34. COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/local/libexec/gcc/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/5.4.0/lto-wrapper
  35. Target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
  36. Configured with: ../gcc-5.4.0/configure --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
  37. Thread model: posix
  38. gcc version 5.4.0 (GCC) 
  40. # 至此，gcc升级成功。

3. 验证问题是否解决：

  1. # ldd打印程序或者库文件所依赖的共享库列表
  2. # libstdc++.so.6已经指向正确的gcc
  4. $ ldd kingbase
  5. linux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x0000ffffa3040000)
  6. libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x0000ffffa2fd0000)
  7. libssl.so.10 => /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/./../lib/libssl.so.10 (0x0000ffffa2f40000)
  8. libcrypto.so.10 => /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/./../lib/libcrypto.so.10 (0x0000ffffa2d40000)
  9. librt.so.1 => /lib64/librt.so.1 (0x0000ffffa2d10000)
  10. libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x0000ffffa2ce0000)
  11. libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x0000ffffa2c20000)
  12. libicui18n.so.52 => /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/./../lib/libicui18n.so.52 (0x0000ffffa29b0000)
  13. libicuuc.so.52 => /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/./../lib/libicuuc.so.52 (0x0000ffffa2800000)
  14. libuuid.so.1 => /lib64/libuuid.so.1 (0x0000ffffa27d0000)
  15. libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x0000ffffa2640000)
  16. /lib/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1 (0x0000ffffa3050000)
  17. libz.so.1 => /lib64/libz.so.1 (0x0000ffffa2600000)
  18. libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/local/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 (0x0000ffffa2460000)
  19. libgcc_s.so.1 => /usr/local/lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x0000ffffa2420000)
  20. libicudata.so.52 => /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/./../lib/../lib/libicudata.so.52 (0x0000ffffa0da0000)
  22. # 再次执行initdb初始化数据库
  23. # initdb可以正常初始化
  25. $ initdb -Usystem -D /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/data/ --enable-ci
  27. The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "kingbase".
  28. This user must also own the server process.
  30. The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF-8".
  31. The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".
  32. The default text search configuration will be set to "english".
  34. The comparision of strings is case-insensitive.
  35. Data page checksums are disabled.
  37. fixing permissions on existing directory /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/data ... ok
  38. creating subdirectories ... ok
  39. selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
  40. selecting default max_connections ... 100
  41. selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
  42. selecting default time zone ... Asia/Shanghai
  43. creating configuration files ... ok
  44. Begin setup encrypt device
  45. initializing the encrypt device ... ok
  46. running bootstrap script ... ok
  47. performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
  48. create security database ... ok
  49. load security database ... ok
  50. syncing data to disk ... ok
  52. initdb: warning: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
  53. You can change this by editing sys_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
  54. --auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.
  56. Success. You can now start the database server using:
  58.     sys_ctl -D /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/data/ -l logfile start
  60. # 启动数据库sys_ctl -D /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/data/ start
  62. $ sys_ctl -D /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/data/ start
  63. waiting for server to start....2023-02-07 09:40:13.519 CST [30002] LOG:  sepapower extension initialized
  64. 2023-02-07 09:40:13.527 CST [30002] LOG:  starting KingbaseES V008R006C007B0012 on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.9.1-16kord6) 4.9.1, 64-bit
  65. 2023-02-07 09:40:13.528 CST [30002] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 54321
  66. 2023-02-07 09:40:13.528 CST [30002] LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::", port 54321
  67. 2023-02-07 09:40:13.530 CST [30002] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.KINGBASE.54321"
  68. 2023-02-07 09:40:13.539 CST [30002] LOG:  redirecting log output to logging collector process
  69. 2023-02-07 09:40:13.539 CST [30002] HINT:  Future log output will appear in directory "sys_log".
  70.  done
  71. server started
  73. # ksql登录数据库
  75. [kingbase@iZ2ze4pun4mofkw011ciezZ ~]$ ksql -Usystem -dtest
  76. ksql (V8.0)
  77. Type "help" for help.
  79. test=# select version();
  80.                                                         version
  81. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  82.  KingbaseES V008R006C007B0012 on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.9.1-16kord6) 4.9.1, 64-bit
  83. (1 row)
  85. # 问题解决。

五 编译安装gcc一键脚本 ：

  1. #!/bin/bash
  3. echo "Downloading gcc source files..."
  4. wget https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-5.4.0/gcc-5.4.0.tar.bz2 
  6. echo "extracting files..."
  7. tar jxvf gcc-5.4.0.tar.bz2
  9. echo "Installing dependencies..."
  10. yum -y install gmp-devel mpfr-devel libmpc-devel
  12. echo "Configure and install..."
  13. mkdir gcc-5.4.0-build
  14. cd gcc-5.4.0-build
  15. ../gcc-5.4.0/configure --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
  16. make -j$(nproc) && make install

KingbaseES libstdc++.so.6/ version 'CXXABI_1.3.8'问题处理的更多相关文章

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    报错信息ImportError: /lib64/libstdc++.so.6: version `CXXABI_1.3.9' not found (required by............) L ...

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