启动oracle 服务

-- 参考（https://blog.csdn.net/loongshawn/article/details/51162196）

1、启动oracle的步骤

Linux下启动oracle分为以下两步：

• 1.1、启动lsnrctl监听。
• 1.2、启动数据库实例。

2、启动oracle监听

首先登陆服务器，切换到oracle用户。

[admin@dataserver ~]$ su - oracle
密码：
[oracle@dataserver ~]$

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接下来，检查oracle监听器运行状态，通过lsnrctl status命令查看。

[oracle@dataserver ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 15-4月 -2016 14:39:39

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
  TNS-00511: No listener
   Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=30.85.227.24)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12543: TNS:destination host unreachable
 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
  TNS-00513: Destination host unreachable
   Linux Error: 113: No route to host
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=30.85.227.23)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
  TNS-00511: No listener
   Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
[oracle@dataserver ~]$ exit

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上述反馈的结果即为oracle监听没有启动，下面执行启动监听，通过命令lsnrctl start，结果如下：

[oracle@dataserver ~]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 15-4月 -2016 14:51:06

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/dataserver/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Error listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=30.85.227.24)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12545: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist
 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
  TNS-00515: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist
   Linux Error: 99: Cannot assign requested address

Listener failed to start. See the error message(s) above...

[oracle@dataserver ~]$ 

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上述反馈为监听启动失败，是因为其监听的IP30.85.227.24，并非服务器的IP，所以需要调整这个IP为服务器当前的IP。

在oracle用户下，进入目录/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin，修改listener.ora文件。注意这个目录因具体服务器而异。 

listener.ora文件打开，内容如下，调整其中的HOST IP即可。

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = ORCL)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
      (SID_NAME = ORCL)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 30.85.227.28)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 30.85.227.23)(PORT = 1521))
    )

  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

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调整完监听IP后，重启监听器，执行lsnrctl start，

[oracle@dataserver admin]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 15-4月 -2016 15:09:15

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/dataserver/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=30.85.227.28)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=30.85.227.23)(PORT=1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                15-4月 -2016 15:09:15
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 5 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/dataserver/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=30.85.227.28)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=30.85.227.23)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCL", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@dataserver admin]$

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至此，oracle监听器启动成功！

3、启动oracle实例

以system用户身份登陆oracle

[oracle@dataserver admin]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期五 4月 15 15:23:04 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn as sysdba
Enter user-name: system
Enter password:
Connected to an idle instance.

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然后启动实例，通过startup命令：

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 4.0620E+10 bytes
Fixed Size          2216024 bytes
Variable Size        2.3354E+10 bytes
Database Buffers     1.7180E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers           84054016 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>

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4、关闭oracle实例

通过shutdown命令关闭oracle实例。

SQL> shutdown
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>