Docker - 在Ubuntu16.04中安装Docker CE

Get Docker for Ubuntu

Check system version

root@Ubuntu16:~# uname -a
Linux Ubuntu16 4.8.0-36-generic #36~16.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Sun Feb 5 09:39:57 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
root@Ubuntu16:~#
root@Ubuntu16:~# cat /proc/version
Linux version 4.8.0-36-generic (buildd@lgw01-18) (gcc version 5.4.0 20160609 (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.4) ) #36~16.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Sun Feb 5 09:39:57 UTC 2017
root@Ubuntu16:~# lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:	Ubuntu
Description:	Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS
Release:	16.04
Codename:	xenial
root@Ubuntu16:~#

1 - Install packages to allow apt to use a repository over HTTPS

root@Ubuntu16:~# apt-get install \
>     apt-transport-https \
>     ca-certificates \
>     curl \
>     software-properties-common
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树
正在读取状态信息... 完成
......
......
......
root@Ubuntu16:~#

2 - Add Docker’s official GPG key

root@Ubuntu16:~# curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
OK
root@Ubuntu16:~#
root@Ubuntu16:~# sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88
pub   4096R/0EBFCD88 2017-02-22
      密钥指纹 = 9DC8 5822 9FC7 DD38 854A  E2D8 8D81 803C 0EBF CD88
uid                  Docker Release (CE deb) <docker@docker.com>
sub   4096R/F273FCD8 2017-02-22
root@Ubuntu16:~#

3 - Set up the stable repository

root@Ubuntu16:~# lsb_release -cs
xenial
root@Ubuntu16:~#
root@Ubuntu16:~# sudo add-apt-repository \
>    "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
>    $(lsb_release -cs) \
>    stable"
root@Ubuntu16:~#

4 - Update the apt package index.

root@Ubuntu16:~# apt-get update
命中:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
命中:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease
获取:3 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial InRelease [20.1 kB]
获取:4 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages [1,479 B]
命中:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease
命中:6 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease
已下载 21.6 kB，耗时 18秒 (1,183 B/s)
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
root@Ubuntu16:~#

5 - Install the latest version of Docker CE

root@Ubuntu16:~# apt-get install docker-ce
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树
正在读取状态信息... 完成
将会同时安装下列软件：
  aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount git git-man liberror-perl
建议安装：
  git-daemon-run | git-daemon-sysvinit git-doc git-el git-email git-gui gitk gitweb git-arch
  git-cvs git-mediawiki git-svn
下列【新】软件包将被安装：
  aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount docker-ce git git-man liberror-perl
升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 6 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 166 个软件包未被升级。
需要下载 23.1 MB/23.1 MB 的归档。
解压缩后会消耗 115 MB 的额外空间。
您希望继续执行吗？ [Y/n] Y
获取:1 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 docker-ce amd64 17.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial [19.3 MB]
获取:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 aufs-tools amd64 1:3.2+20130722-1.1ubuntu1 [92.9 kB]
获取:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 liberror-perl all 0.17-1.2 [19.6 kB]
获取:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 git-man all 1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1 [735 kB]
获取:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 git amd64 1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1 [3,006 kB]
已下载 23.1 MB，耗时 2分 20秒 (164 kB/s)
正在选中未选择的软件包 aufs-tools。
(正在读取数据库 ... 系统当前共安装有 181135 个文件和目录。)
正准备解包 .../aufs-tools_1%3a3.2+20130722-1.1ubuntu1_amd64.deb  ...
正在解包 aufs-tools (1:3.2+20130722-1.1ubuntu1) ...
正在选中未选择的软件包 cgroupfs-mount。
正准备解包 .../cgroupfs-mount_1.2_all.deb  ...
正在解包 cgroupfs-mount (1.2) ...
正在选中未选择的软件包 docker-ce。
正准备解包 .../docker-ce_17.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial_amd64.deb  ...
正在解包 docker-ce (17.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial) ...
正在选中未选择的软件包 liberror-perl。
正准备解包 .../liberror-perl_0.17-1.2_all.deb  ...
正在解包 liberror-perl (0.17-1.2) ...
正在选中未选择的软件包 git-man。
正准备解包 .../git-man_1%3a2.7.4-0ubuntu1_all.deb  ...
正在解包 git-man (1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1) ...
正在选中未选择的软件包 git。
正准备解包 .../git_1%3a2.7.4-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb  ...
正在解包 git (1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1) ...
正在处理用于 libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu5) 的触发器 ...
正在处理用于 man-db (2.7.5-1) 的触发器 ...
正在处理用于 ureadahead (0.100.0-19) 的触发器 ...
正在处理用于 systemd (229-4ubuntu16) 的触发器 ...
正在设置 aufs-tools (1:3.2+20130722-1.1ubuntu1) ...
正在设置 cgroupfs-mount (1.2) ...
正在设置 docker-ce (17.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial) ...
正在设置 liberror-perl (0.17-1.2) ...
正在设置 git-man (1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1) ...
正在设置 git (1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1) ...
正在处理用于 libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu5) 的触发器 ...
正在处理用于 systemd (229-4ubuntu16) 的触发器 ...
正在处理用于 ureadahead (0.100.0-19) 的触发器 ...
root@Ubuntu16:~#

6 - HTTP/HTTPS proxy

https://docs.docker.com/engine/admin/systemd/

root@Ubuntu16:~# mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/
root@Ubuntu16:~# vim /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/http-proxy.conf
root@Ubuntu16:~# cat /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/http-proxy.conf
[Service]
Environment="HTTP_PROXY=http://10.144.1.10:8080"
Environment="HTTPS_PROXY=https://10.144.1.10:8080"
Environment="FTP_PROXY=ftp://10.144.1.10:8080"
root@Ubuntu16:~#
root@Ubuntu16:~# systemctl daemon-reload
root@Ubuntu16:~# systemctl restart docker
root@Ubuntu16:~#
root@Ubuntu16:~# systemctl show --property=Environment docker
Environment=HTTP_PROXY=http://10.144.1.10:8080 HTTPS_PROXY=https://10.144.1.10:8080 FTP_PROXY=ftp://10.144.1.10:8080
root@Ubuntu16:~#

7 - Verify that Docker CE

root@Ubuntu16:~# docker version
Client:
 Version:      17.03.1-ce
 API version:  1.27
 Go version:   go1.7.5
 Git commit:   c6d412e
 Built:        Mon Mar 27 17:14:09 2017
 OS/Arch:      linux/amd64

Server:
 Version:      17.03.1-ce
 API version:  1.27 (minimum version 1.12)
 Go version:   go1.7.5
 Git commit:   c6d412e
 Built:        Mon Mar 27 17:14:09 2017
 OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
 Experimental: false
root@Ubuntu16:~#
root@Ubuntu16:~# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
78445dd45222: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:c5515758d4c5e1e838e9cd307f6c6a0d620b5e07e6f927b07d05f6d12a1ac8d7
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://cloud.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/

root@Ubuntu16:~#

8 - Configure Docker to start on boot

Post-installation steps for Linux

$ sudo systemctl enable docker

Install from a package

If you cannot use Docker’s repository to install Docker, you can download the .deb file for your release and install it manually. You will need to download a new file each time you want to upgrade Docker.

1. This step is different for Docker CE
   
   Go to https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/dists/,
   
   choose your Ubuntu version, browse to pool/stable/, choose either amd64 or armhf,and download the .deb file for the Docker version you want to install and for your version of Ubuntu.

2. Install Docker, changing the path below to the path where you downloaded the Docker package.
   
   $ sudo dpkg -i /path/to/package.deb
   
   The Docker daemon starts automatically.

3. Verify that Docker CE or Docker EE is installed correctly by running the hello-world image.
   
   $ sudo docker run hello-world
   
   This command downloads a test image and runs it in a container. When the container runs, it prints an informational message and exits.

Docker is installed and running. You need to use sudo to run Docker commands. Continue to Post-installation steps for Linux to allow non-privileged users to run Docker commands and for other optional configuration steps.