Tempdb--monitoring and troubleshooting
TempDB用来存放临时表、全局临时表、表变量以及排序或HASH等操作引发的中间结果集
TempDB在每次实例重启时重新创建,TempDB数据库文件的初始化大小取决于Model数据库的文件大小或显示ALTER语句设置的TempDB的文件文件大小
在每个数据库文件中,分配页(allocation page)ID:
PFS:1
GAM:2
SGAM:3
一个PFS页能覆盖8088个数据页,一个GAM或SGAM页能覆盖511232个数据页,当一个文件超过响应数据页数,SQL SERVER 使用分配页(allocation page)链来覆盖。
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由于临时表和表变量创建和销毁时,需要锁住分配页来为临时表或表变量分配数据页,当创建和销毁的过于频繁时,会造成ALLOCATION BOTTLENECK
查看是否是Allocation BottleNeck:
SELECT *
FROM sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks
WHERE wait_type LIKE 'PAGE%LATCH_%'
AND resource_description LIKE '2:%'
解决ALLOCATION BOTTLENECK的方法:
1. 建立与CORE或CPU相同个数的物理文件数
2. 使用TF1118(SQL SERVER 2005后),为新对象分配数据页时分配到新数据区而不使用混合区,减少SGAM的争用
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由于临时表和表变量创建和销毁时,需要对相关系统表插入或删除该临时表的元数据信息,当创建和销毁的过于频繁时,便会造成DDL BottleNeck
查看DDL BottleNeck:
SELECT *
FROM sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks
WHERE wait_type LIKE 'PAGE%LATCH_%'
AND resource_description LIKE '2:%'
查看DDL BottleNeck和查看Allocation BottleNeck的脚本一样,但是两者锁定的资源不一样
或使用性能计数器来判断:
SELECT * FROM sys.dm_os_performance_counters
WHERE counter_name LIKE '%temp%table%'
'Active Temp Tables':当前使用中的临时表
'Temp Tables Creation Rate':每秒创建的临时表或表变量的个数
'Temp Tables For Destruction':等待系统进程清理的表变量或临时表的个数
当'Temp Tables Creation Rate'和'Temp Tables For Destruction'值较高时,则可能存在DDL BottleNeck
解决方案:
1. 将频繁创建和删除的临时表或表变量改为用户表
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在TempDB上,由于某些不合理的执行计划和SQL消耗大量的空间,造成Space BottleNeck
查看Space BottleNeck:
-- This DMV query shows currently executing tasks and
-- tempdb space usage
-- Once you have isolated the task(s) that are generating lots
-- of internal object allocations,
-- you can even find out which TSQL statement and its query plan
-- for detailed analysis
SELECT TOP 10
t1.session_id,
t1.request_id,
t1.task_alloc,
t1.task_dealloc,
(
SELECT SUBSTRING(TEXT, t2.statement_start_offset/2 + 1,
(CASE WHEN statement_end_offset = -1
THEN LEN(CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX),TEXT)) * 2
ELSE statement_end_offset
END - t2.statement_start_offset)/2)
FROM sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle)
) AS query_text,
(SELECT query_plan FROM sys.dm_exec_query_plan(t2.plan_handle)) AS query_plan
FROM
(SELECT session_id, request_id,
SUM(internal_objects_alloc_page_count + user_objects_alloc_page_count) AS task_alloc,
SUM (internal_objects_dealloc_page_count + user_objects_dealloc_page_count) AS task_dealloc
FROM sys.dm_db_task_space_usage
GROUP BY session_id, request_id
) AS t1,
sys.dm_exec_requests AS t2
WHERE t1.session_id = t2.session_id AND
(t1.request_id = t2.request_id) AND
t1.session_id > 50
ORDER BY t1.task_alloc DESC
解决方案:
1. 找出耗空间较大的SQL并优化
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参考:
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