graphviz 的使用教程

node 节点属性如下 ：

Name	Default	Values
color	black	node shape color
comment		any string (format-dependent)
distortion	0.0	node distortion for shape=polygon
fillcolor	lightgrey/black	node fill color
fixedsize	false	label text has no affect on node size
fontcolor	black	type face color
fontname	Times-Roman	font family
fontsize	14	point size of label
group		name of node’s group
height	.5	height in inches
label	node name	any string
layer	overlay range	all, id or id:id
orientation	0.0	node rotation angle
peripheries	shape-dependent	number of node boundaries
regular	false	force polygon to be regular
shape	ellipse	node shape; see Section 2.1 and Appendix E
shapefile		external EPSF or SVG custom shape file
sides	4	number of sides for shape=polygon
skew	0.0	skewing of node for shape=polygon
style		graphics options, e.g. bold, dotted, filled; cf. Section 2.3
URL		URL associated with node (format-dependent)
width	.75	width in inches
z	0.0	z coordinate for VRML output

edge 边框属性如下：

Name	Default	Values
arrowhead	normal	style of arrowhead at head end
arrowsize	1.0	scaling factor for arrowheads
arrowtail	normal	style of arrowhead at tail end
color	black	edge stroke color
comment		any string (format-dependent)
constraint	true	use edge to affect node ranking
decorate		if set, draws a line connecting labels with their edges
dir	forward	forward, back, both, or none
fontcolor	black	type face color
fontname	Times-Roman	font family
fontsize	14	point size of label
headlabel		label placed near head of edge
headport		n,ne,e,se,s,sw,w,nw
headURL		URL attached to head label if output format is ismap
label		edge label
labelangle	-25.0	angle in degrees which head or tail label is rotated off edge
labeldistance	1.0	scaling factor for distance of head or tail label from node
labelfloat	false	lessen constraints on edge label placement
labelfontcolor	black	type face color for head and tail labels
labelfontname	Times-Roman	font family for head and tail labels
labelfontsize	14	point size for head and tail labels
layer	overlay range	all, id or id:id
lhead		name of cluster to use as head of edge
ltail		name of cluster to use as tail of edge
minlen	1	minimum rank distance between head and tail
samehead		tag for head node; edge heads with the same tag are
sametail		merged onto the same port
style		tag for tail node; edge tails with the same tag are merged onto the same port
taillabel		graphics options, e.g. bold, dotted, filled; cf. Section 2.3
tailport		label placed near tail of edge n,ne,e,se,s,sw,w,nw
tailURL		URL attached to tail label if output format is ismap
weight	1	integer cost of stretching an edge

Digraph 图属性如下：

Name	Default	Values
bgcolor		background color for drawing, plus initial fill color
center	false	center drawing on page
clusterrank	local	may be global or none
color	black	for clusters, outline color, and fill color if fillcolor not defined
comment		any string (format-dependent)
compound	false	allow edges between clusters
concentrate	false	enables edge concentrators
fillcolor	black	cluster fill color
fontcolor	black	type face color
fontname	Times-Roman	font family
fontpath		list of directories to search for fonts
fontsize	14	point size of label
label		any string
labeljust	centered	”l” and ”r” for left- and right-justified cluster labels, respectively
labelloc	top	”t” and ”b” for top- and bottom-justified cluster labels, respectively
layers		id:id:id…
margin	.5	margin included in page, inches
mclimit	1.0	scale factor for mincross iterations
nodesep	.25	separation between nodes, in inches.
nslimit		if set to f, bounds network simplex iterations by (f)(number of nodes) when setting x-coordinates
nslimit1		if set to f, bounds network simplex iterations by (f)(number of nodes) when ranking nodes
ordering		if out out edge order is preserved
orientation	portrait	if rotate is not used and the value is landscape, use landscape orientation
page		unit of pagination, e.g. “8.5,11”
pagedir	BL	traversal order of pages
quantum		if quantum ¿ 0.0, node label dimensions will be rounded to integral multiples of quantum
rank		same, min, max, source or sink
rankdir	TB	LR (left to right) or TB (top to bottom)
ranksep	.75	separation between ranks, in inches.
ratio		approximate aspect ratio desired, fill or auto
remincross		if true and there are multiple clusters, re-run crossing minimization
rotate		If 90, set orientation to landscape
samplepoints	8	number of points used to represent ellipses and circles on output (cf. Appendix C
searchsize	30	maximum edges with negative cut values to check when looking for a minimum one during network simplex
size		maximum drawing size, in inches
style		graphics options, e.g. filled for clusters
URL		URL associated with graph (format-dependent)

from graphviz import Graph
from graphviz import Digraph

# 绘制无向图
def draw_Graph():
    # 创建对象，设置对象属性
    dot = Graph(name='无向图', filename=r'D:\Cache\python\无向图', format='png')
    # 设置节点属性, 修改 fontname 属性可解决中文输出乱码问题
    dot.node_attr.update(shape='ellipse', color='black', fillcolor='lightgrey', fontcolor='black', fontsize='',
                         fontname='Microsoft YaHei', width='', height='', style='bold')
    # 创建节点, 设置节点名字、内容
    dot.node('A', '小朋友')
    dot.node('B', '小学生')
    dot.node('C', '初中生')
    dot.node('D', '高中生')
    dot.node('E', '大学生')
    dot.node('F', '研究生')
    dot.node('G', '博士生')
    dot.node('H', '医生')
    dot.node('I', '老师')
    dot.node('J', '程序员')
    dot.node('K', '会计')
    dot.node('L', '公务员')
    dot.node('M', '教授')
    # 设置边属性
    dot.edge_attr.update(color='black', fontcolor='black', fontsize='', fontname='Microsoft YaHei')
    # 创建单边，设置边内容
    dot.edge('A', 'B', '升级')
    dot.edge('B', 'C', '升级')
    dot.edge('C', 'D', '升级')
    dot.edge('D', 'E', '升级')
    dot.edge('E', 'F', '升级')
    dot.edge('F', 'G', '升级')
    # 创建多边，不能设置边内容
    dot.edges(['EI', 'FI', 'GI', 'FH', 'GH', 'EJ', 'FJ', 'GJ', 'EK', 'FK', 'GK', 'EL', 'FL', 'GL', 'GM'])
    # 打印生成的源代码，pdf 格式无法打印
    print(dot.source)
    # 保存图片，不显示图片
    dot.render(filename='无向图', directory=r'D:\Cache\python')
    # 保存图片，并显示图片
    dot.view(filename='无向图', directory=r'D:\Cache\python')

# 绘制有向图
def draw_Digraph():
    # 创建对象，设置对象属性
    dot = Digraph(name='有向图', filename=r'D:\Cache\python\有向图', format='pdf')
    # 设置节点属性, 修改 fontname 属性可解决中文输出乱码问题
    dot.node_attr.update(shape='ellipse', color='black', fillcolor='lightgrey', fontcolor='black', fontsize='',
                         fontname='Microsoft YaHei', width='', height='', style='bold')
    # 创建节点, 设置节点名字、内容
    dot.node('A', '小朋友')
    dot.node('B', '小学生')
    dot.node('C', '初中生')
    dot.node('D', '高中生')
    dot.node('E', '大学生')
    dot.node('F', '研究生')
    dot.node('G', '博士生')
    dot.node('H', '医生')
    dot.node('I', '老师')
    dot.node('J', '程序员')
    dot.node('K', '会计')
    dot.node('L', '公务员')
    dot.node('M', '教授')
    # 设置边属性, arrowhead 为前端箭头样式, arrowsize 为箭头缩放比例, minlen 为边头部和尾部的距离, pnewidth 为边宽度
    dot.edge_attr.update(color='black', fontcolor='black', fontsize='', fontname='Microsoft YaHei',
                         arrowhead='diamond', arrowsize='2.0', minlen='', penwidth='', style='dashed')
    # 创建单边，设置边内容
    dot.edge('A', 'B', '升级')
    dot.edge('B', 'C', '升级')
    dot.edge('C', 'D', '升级')
    dot.edge('D', 'E', '升级')
    dot.edge('E', 'F', '升级')
    dot.edge('F', 'G', '升级')
    # 创建多边，不能设置边内容
    dot.edges(['EI', 'FI', 'GI', 'FH', 'GH', 'EJ', 'FJ', 'GJ', 'EK', 'FK', 'GK', 'EL', 'FL', 'GL', 'GM'])
    # 保存图片，不显示图片
    dot.render(filename='有向图', directory=r'D:\Cache\python')
    # 保存图片，并显示图片
    dot.view(filename='有向图', directory=r'D:\Cache\python')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    draw_Graph()