DataTemplate应用

在WPF中，决定数据外观的是DataTemplate，即DataTemplate是数据内容的表现形式，一条数据显示成什么样子，是简单的文本还是直观的图形，就是由DataTemplate决定的。
下面通过设计ListBox及ComboBox控件的DataTemplate，把单调的数据显示成直观的柱状图。
<Window x:Class="DataTemplateDemo.Window2"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        Title="Window2" Height="153" Width="300">
    <Window.Resources>
        <DataTemplate x:Key="MyItem">
                <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
                    <Grid>
                        <Rectangle Stroke="Yellow" Fill="Orange" Width="{Binding Price}"></Rectangle>
                        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Year}"></TextBlock>
                    </Grid>
                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding Price}"></TextBlock>
                </StackPanel>
        </DataTemplate>
    </Window.Resources>
    <StackPanel>
        <ListBox ItemTemplate="{StaticResource MyItem}" x:Name="listBox1"></ListBox>
        <ComboBox ItemTemplate="{StaticResource MyItem}" x:Name="comboBox1"></ComboBox>
    </StackPanel>
</Window>
后台代码：
public partial class Window2 : Window
{
   
    public Window2()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
        List<Unit> units = new List<Unit>();
        Unit unit1 = new Unit() { Year = "2001", Price=100 };
        Unit unit2 = new Unit() { Year = "2002", Price = 120 };
        Unit unit3 = new Unit() { Year = "2003", Price = 140 };
        Unit unit4 = new Unit() { Year = "2004", Price = 160 };
        Unit unit5 = new Unit() { Year = "2005", Price = 180 };
        units.Add(unit1);
        units.Add(unit2);
        units.Add(unit3);
        units.Add(unit4);
        units.Add(unit5);
        listBox1.ItemsSource = units;
        comboBox1.ItemsSource = units;
    }
}
class Unit
{
    public string Year { get; set; }
    public int Price { get; set; }
}

效果如下图：

也可以把DataTemplate作用在某个数据类型上，方法是设置DataTemplate的DataType属性。上面的例子也可以通过这种方式实现：
<Window x:Class="DataTemplateDemo.Window3"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:DataTemplateDemo"
        xmlns:c="clr-namespace:System.Collections;assembly=mscorlib"
        Title="Window3" Height="153" Width="300">
    <Window.Resources>
        <DataTemplate DataType="{x:Type local:MyUnit}">
            <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
                <Grid>
                    <Rectangle Stroke="Yellow" Fill="Orange" Width="{Binding Price}"></Rectangle>
                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding Year}"></TextBlock>
                </Grid>
                <TextBlock Text="{Binding Price}"></TextBlock>
            </StackPanel>
        </DataTemplate>
        <c:ArrayList x:Key="ds">
            <local:MyUnit Year = "2001" Price="100"/>
            <local:MyUnit Year = "2002" Price="120"/>
            <local:MyUnit Year = "2003" Price="140"/>
            <local:MyUnit Year = "2004" Price="160"/>
            <local:MyUnit Year = "2005" Price="180"/>
        </c:ArrayList>
    </Window.Resources>
    <StackPanel>
        <ListBox x:Name="listBox1" ItemsSource="{StaticResource ds}"></ListBox>
        <ComboBox x:Name="comboBox1" ItemsSource="{StaticResource ds}"></ComboBox>
    </StackPanel>
</Window>
后台代码：
public class MyUnit
{
    public string Year { get; set; }
    public int Price { get; set; }
}

备注：本例来源于刘铁锰先生的《深入浅出WPF》。