Oracle11gR2单实例的安装与部署

1 安装目标与规划

交易系统1台HP DL580 G9服务器将安装Oracle11gR2 。

1.1 安装介质版本

主机名	his1
IP地址	192.168.40.102(非生产环境ip)
Oracle Grid软件
Oracle DB软件版本	Oracle Enterprise11g
补丁集版本	Oracle 11.2.0.4
PSU（推荐补丁版本）	Oracle 11.2.0.4.160719

1.2 安装目录规划

项目	类别	目录	空间大小
Oracle软件目录	Oracle DB	/oracle/11.2.0/db/dbhome_1	20GB
Oracle 在线日志文件及控制文件、数据文件、归档日志文件	控制文件，在线日志,数据文件	/data	500GB
文件系统	归档备份	/archive	500GB

2 安装环境检查

2.1 硬件配置检查

2.1.1物理内存，最小需求1024M

[root@his1 ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

MemTotal: 2075524 kB

2.1.2交换区SWAP大小

[root@his1 ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

SwapTotal: 8385920 kB

RAM	Swap Space
Between 1 GB and 2 GB	1.5 times the size of the RAM
Between 2 GB and 16 GB	Equal to the size of the RAM
More than 16 GB	16 GB

2.1.3可用内存和交换空间

[root@ his1 ~]# free -m

total used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 2026 1291 735 0 73 1005

-/+ buffers/cache: 212 1814

Swap: 8189 0 8189

2.1.4临时目录/tmp 最少400MB

[root@his1 ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda6 58G 9.4G 46G 18% /

/dev/sda5 500G 0.4G 500G 0.018% /archive

/dev/sda4 500G 0.4G 500G 0.018% /data

/dev/sda3 20.1G 73M 20G 0.2% /oracle

/dev/sda2 7.8G 358M 7.0G 5% /tmp

/dev/sda1 388M 34M 334M 10% /boot

tmpfs 1014M 528M 486M 53% /dev/shm

2.1.5安装软件的剩余磁盘空间4.5G以上，安装目录在/u01

挂接点	大小
/	60GB
swap	8GB
/oracle	500GB
/archive	500GB

2.1.6配置主机名解析

[root@his1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts

# Do not remove the following line, or various programs

# that require network functionality will fail.

127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost

::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6

192.168.40.102 his1

这个不设置的话安装的时候会出错。

2.1.7CPU信息

[root@his1 ~]# grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo

model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-3427U CPU @ 1.80GHz

2.2 软件需求检查

2.2.1操作系统需求

[root@his1 ~]# cat /proc/version

Linux version 2.6.18-164.el5PAE (mockbuild@ca-build10.us.oracle.com) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-46)) #1 SMP Thu Sep 3 02:28:20 EDT 2009

[root@his1 ~]# cat /etc/issue

Enterprise Linux Enterprise Linux Server release 5.4 (Carthage)

Kernel \r on an \m

2.2.2操作系统核心版本需求

[root@his1 ~]# uname -a

Linux his1 2.6.18-164.el5PAE #1 SMP Thu Sep 3 02:28:20 EDT 2009 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

2.2.3系统软件包需求

Asianux Server 3, Oracle Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5， The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:

binutils-2.17.50.0.6

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3

elfutils-libelf-0.125

elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125

elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125

gcc-4.1.2

gcc-c++-4.1.2

glibc-2.5-24

glibc-common-2.5

glibc-devel-2.5

glibc-headers-2.5

kernel-headers-2.6.18

ksh-20060214

libaio-0.3.106

libaio-devel-0.3.106

libgcc-4.1.2

libgomp-4.1.2

libstdc++-4.1.2

libstdc++-devel-4.1.2

make-3.81

sysstat-7.0.2

查看命令

yum list binutils compat-libstdc++ elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers kernel-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libgomp libstdc++ libstdc++ make sysstat

[root@his1 ~]# yum list binutils compat-libstdc++ elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers kernel-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libgomp libstdc++ libstdc++ make sysstat

Loaded plugins: security

file:///media/cdrom1/Server/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 5] OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/media/cdrom1/Server/repodata/repomd.xml'

Trying other mirror.

Installed Packages

binutils.i386 2.17.50.0.6-12.el5 installed

elfutils-libelf.i386 0.137-3.el5 installed

elfutils-libelf-devel.i386 0.137-3.el5 installed

elfutils-libelf-devel-static.i386 0.137-3.el5 installed

gcc.i386 4.1.2-46.el5 installed

gcc-c++.i386 4.1.2-46.el5 installed

glibc.i686 2.5-42 installed

glibc-common.i386 2.5-42 installed

glibc-devel.i386 2.5-42 installed

glibc-headers.i386 2.5-42 installed

kernel-headers.i386 2.6.18-164.el5 installed

ksh.i386 20080202-14.el5 installed

libaio.i386 0.3.106-3.2 installed

libaio-devel.i386 0.3.106-3.2 installed

libgcc.i386 4.1.2-46.el5 installed

libgomp.i386 4.4.0-6.el5 installed

libstdc++.i386 4.1.2-46.el5 installed

make.i386 1:3.81-3.el5 installed

sysstat.i386 7.0.2-3.el5 installed

Available Packages

glibc.i386 2.5-42 nam

补安装软件包：

配置yum

# cd /etc/yum.repos.d 操作系统密令

#vi server.repo 操作系统密令

[base]

name=iso

baseurl=file:///mnt

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///mnt/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle

安装RPM包

2.2.4JAVA 版本需求：1.4.2

运行oracle安装需要运行java OUI界面，要求操作系统中安装有java环境1.4.2以上

[root@his1~]# java -version

java version "1.6.0"

OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0-b09)

OpenJDK Client VM (build 1.6.0-b09, mixed mode)

3 安装前准备工作

3.1 创建安装目录

mkdir -p /oracle/11.2.0/db/dbhome

chown –R oracle.oinstall /oracle

3.2 建立用户

安装oracle 11g s数据库软件需要手工创建oracle用户，用于管理数据库

3.2.1建立oracle用户

#groupadd -g 1000 oinstall

#groupadd -g 1200 dba

#groupadd -g 1201 oper

#useradd -m -u 1100 -g oinstall -G dba,oper -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash -c "Oracle Software Owner" oracle

3.2.2修改密码（初步设定密码为123456）

# passwd oracle

3.2.3检查nobody用户

# id nobody

uid=60001(nobody) gid=60001(nobody)

如没有该用户则需要建立nobody用户

# /usr/sbin/useradd nobody

chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle

chown -R oracle:oinstall /data

chown -R oracle:oinstall /archive

3.2 参数配置和修改

配置系统内核参数，在两个节点上都进行修改

参数	推荐值	查看命令
semmsl semmns semopm semmni	250 32000 100 128	/sbin/sysctl -a \| grep sem
shmall	2097152	/sbin/sysctl -a \| grep shm
shmmax	536870912
shmmni	4096
file-max	6815744	/sbin/sysctl -a \| grep file-max
ip_local_port_range	Minimum:9000 Maximum: 65500	/sbin/sysctl -a \| grep ip_local_port_range
rmem_default	262144	/sbin/sysctl -a \| grep rmem_default
rmem_max	4194304	/sbin/sysctl -a \| grep rmem_max
wmem_default	262144	/sbin/sysctl -a \| grep wmem_default
wmem_max	1048576	/sbin/sysctl -a \| grep wmem_max
aio-max-nr	Maximum: 1048576	/sbin/sysctl -a \| grep aio-max-nr
vm.min_free_kbytes	524288	/sbin/sysctl -a \| grep vm.min_free_kbytes
vm.swappiness	100	/sbin/sysctl -a \| grep vm.swappiness

将以下修改添加到/etc/sysctl.conf中

kernel.shmmax = 34359738368

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 6815744

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

fs.aio-max-nr = 4194304

vm.min_free_kbytes = 524288

vm.swappiness=100

net.ipv4.conf.eth4.rp_filter = 0

net.ipv4.conf.eth8.rp_filter = 0

执行以下使得参数生效

# sysctl -p

禁用ASLR功能

禁用ASLR功能，在/etc/sysctl.conf文件添加以下内容

kernel.randomize_va_space=0

重启生效

注：# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep randomize

kernel.randomize_va_space = 1

If the parameter is set to any value other than 0 then ASLR is in use.

3.3.1修改Oracle用户限制

在机器上修改下列文件，增加对应的内容

cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF

oracle soft nproc 2048

oracle hard nproc 32768

oracle soft nofile 2048

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft stack 10240

oracle hard stack 32768

EOF

在oracle用户下执行以下命令

[root@his1 ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@his1 ~]$ ulimit -Sn

2048

[oracle@his1 ~]$ ulimit -Hn

65536

[oracle@his1 ~]$ ulimit -Su

2048

[oracle@his1 ~]$ ulimit -Hu

32768

[oracle@his1 ~]$ ulimit -Ss

10240

[oracle@his1 ~]$ ulimit -Hs

32768

编辑以下两个文件，添加相应的内容

echo 'session include system-auth' >> /etc/pam.d/login

echo 'session required pam_limits.so' >> /etc/pam.d/system-auth

cat >> /etc/profile <<EOF

if [ \$USER = "oracle" ]; then

if [ \$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

umask 022

EOF

3.3.2禁用HugePages

vi /boot/efi/EFI/redhat/grub.conf

添加transparent_hugepage=never

title Oracle Linux Server Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel (3.8.13-44.1.1.el6uek.x86_64)

root (hd0,1)

kernel /vmlinuz-3.8.13-44.1.1.el6uek.x86_32 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_jydb1-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_jydb1/lv_root rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=256M KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rd_LVM_LV=vg_jydb1/lv_swap rhgb quiet transparent_hugepage=never

initrd /initramfs-3.8.13-44.1.1.el6uek.x86_32.img

重启用以下命令确认：

# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled

always madvise [never]

# grep AnonHugePages /proc/meminfo

结果"AnonHugepages: 0 kB"

参考：

ALERT: Disable Transparent HugePages on SLES11, RHEL5, OEL5 and UEK2 Kernels (文档 ID 1557478.1)

3.3.3禁用AVAHI daemon

# service avahi-daemon stop

# /sbin/chkconfig avahi-daemon off

vi /etc/sysconfig/network

添加 NOZEROCONF=yes

参考：

CSSD Fails to Join the Cluster After Private Network Recovered if avahi Daemon is up and Running (文档 ID 1501093.1)

3.3.4关闭防火墙

# service iptables stop

# service ip6tables stop

# chkconfig iptables off

# chkconfig ip6tables off

3.3.5关闭SElinux

#vi /etc/selinux/config

修改SELINUX=disabled

3.3 配置环境变量

配置oracle用户环境变量

说明：oracle用户需要配置相关的环境变量

$ echo $SHELL

/usr/bin/bash

Bourne shell (sh), Bash shell (bash), or Korn shell (ksh):

$ vi .bash_profile

export PS1='[\h:\u:$PWD]$'

export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/11.2.0/db

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/dbhome

export ORACLE_SID=qlhsdb1 # ORACLE_SID=qlhsdb2

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch

export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

export ORACLE_TERM=vt100

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS"

export ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib32:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib

export LIBPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/lib32:$ORACLE_HOME/ctx/lib

export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/JRE/lib/rt.jar:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

export TEMP=/tmp

export TMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=/tmp

stty erase ^H

umask 022

3.4 配置存储

说明：文件系统的话建议使用逻辑卷,这里在安装系统的时候已经把卷建好了

3.5 配置网络

说明：标记为红色的字体要注意

[root@his1 ~]# ifconfig

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:96:91:67

inet addr:192.168.40.102 Bcast:192.168.40.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe96:9167/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:5164 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:5513 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:412668 (402.9 KiB) TX bytes:1638598 (1.5 MiB)

Interrupt:59 Base address:0x2024

lo Link encap:Local Loopback

inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0

inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host

UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1

RX packets:983 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:983 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

RX bytes:49739 (48.5 KiB) TX bytes:49739 (48.5 KiB)

[root@his1 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

# Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE]

DEVICE=eth0

BOOTPROTO=none

ONBOOT=yes

HWADDR=00:0c:29:96:91:67

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

IPADDR=192.168.40.34

TYPE=Ethernet

4 软件安装过程

4.1 安装Oracle DB 11.2.0.4软件

步骤	详细操作
登录his1	#xhost + #su - oracle
运行RDBMS的runInstaller	$ cd /oracle/install/db/database ./runInstaller
界面1：Configure Security Updates	取消选择“I wish to receive security updates via My Oracle Support” 。点击“next”，忽略提示警告。
界面2：Download Software Updates	选择“Skip software updates”．点击“next”
界面3：Installation Option	选择“Install database software only”．点击“next”
界面4：Grid Installation Options	选择“Single instance database installtion” 然后点击“next”
界面5：Select Product Languages	从左侧选择“Simplified Chinese”到右侧．点击“next”
界面6：Select Database Edition	选择“Enterprise Edition”点击“Select Option”确认以下选件： Oracle Partitioning Oracle OLAP Oracle Data Mining RDBMS Files Oracle Real Application Testing 点击“Next”
界面7：Specify Installation Location	确定Oracle的安装路径： Oracle Base: /oracle/11.2.0/db Software Location: /oracle/11.2.0/db/dbhome 点击“Next”
界面8：Privileged Operating System Groups	操作系统用户组 Database Administration (OSDBA) Group : dba Database Operator (OSOPER) Group: oper 点击“next”。
界面9：Perform Prerequisite Checks	等待约安装检查的完成
界面10：Summary	点击“Install”
界面11：Install Product	等待完成
Install (Execute Configuration scripts)	安装接近完成时，需要手使用root用户在每一个节点运行以下脚本：在两个节点上上执行 #/oracle/11.2.0/db/dbhome/root.sh 运行root.sh后最后显示： Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g The following environment variables are set as: ORACLE_OWNER= oracle ORACLE_HOME= /oracle/11.2.0/db/dbhome Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite. The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite. The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite. Entries will be added to the /var/opt/oracle/oratab file as needed by Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created Finished running generic part of root script. Now product-specific root actions will be performed. Finished product-specific root actions.
界面12：Finish	点击“Close”退出

4.2 建立数据库

步骤	详细操作
启动dbca	#su - oracle $dbca
界面1：Welcome	选择Create a Database,点击next
界面2: Step 2 of 12: Database Templates	选择Custom Database,点击next
界面3:Step 3 of 12: Databases Identifier	Global Database Name:orcl SID Prefix: orcl 点击next
界面4: Step 4 of 12: Management Options	取消选择"Configure Enterprise Manager" 取消选择"Automatic Maintenance Tasks" 点击Next
界面5:Step 5 of 12: Database Credentials	选择Use the same password for all accounts , 输入口令“oracle”并确认输入，点击next
界面6: Step 6 of 12: Storage Options	选择存储类型：File System 选择"Use Database File Location from Template" 点击Next
界面7: Step 7 of 12: Recovery Configuration	选择“Specify Fast Recovery Area” 点击Next
界面8: Step 8 of 12: Database Content	选择Oracle Text、Oracle OLAP、Oracle Spatial、Enterprise Manager Repository和Oracle Warehourse Builder 点击Next
界面9: Step 9 of 12: Initialization Parameters	在Memory处选择Typical指定64%即40G作为memory_target大小 Block Size=8192, Processes=5000 在Character Sets TAB处选择选择“Use Unicode (AL32UTF8)” 在Connection Mode TAB处选择：Dedicated Server Mode 点击Next
界面10:Step 10 of 12: Database Storage	SYSAUX表空间：10240M SYSTEM表空间：5120M TEMP表空间：10240M UNDOTBS1表空间：10240M UNDOTBS2表空间：10240M USERS表空间：2048M Redo Thread 1: Group1 500M Group2 500M Redo Thread 2: Group3 500M Group4 500M 配置完毕后点击Next
界面11:Step 11 of 12	点击Finish。开始创建数据库。
界面12：Finish	点击“Exit”