.net跨平台运行实践

一个偶然的机会，一个朋友想做一个程序，同时支持windows和linux，本来想用go来写，奈何不太熟练，突然想到.net不是也支持跨平台了吗，还没有操作过，刚好可以试验一下。

最新的.net 6已经跨平台了，从.net core 3.0后，不再叫.net core 4.0了，而是统一为.net 5,.net 6等。

演示程序如下：

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Hello World!输入Q退出。");
            while (true)
            {
                string str = Console.ReadLine();
                if (str.ToLower() == "q")
                {
                    break;
                }
                else
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("输入Q退出。");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

以下为生成文件



在windows上运行就不用说了，直接编译，点击exe就可以了。

那么在linux上怎么运行呢，这里以debian为例演示

先安装运行时环境

官方安装教程

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/install/linux-debian

根据操作系统版本，选择相应的教程，我这里操作系统是用和debian 10

上面是安装SDK和安装运行时的，一般开发人员可以安装SDK，用于开发使用。

普通用户，仅仅是使用的话，就用运行时就可以了。SDK是包含运行时的。

sudo apt-get update; \
  sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https && \
  sudo apt-get update && \
  sudo apt-get install -y aspnetcore-runtime-6.0

下面有一个提示，大概意思就是说你也可以安装.net运行时，.net运行时不包含asp.net core（从这句话理解，好像是说dotnet-runtime比aspnetcore-runtime要小），安装方式就是

sudo apt-get update; \
  sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https && \
  sudo apt-get update && \
  sudo apt-get install -y dotnet-runtime-6.0

安装过程，注意我实际安装的是.net5.0，因为我用VS2019默认是.net5.0

root@debiantest1:/etc/apt/sources.list.d# sudo apt-get update;   sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https &&   sudo apt-get update &&   sudo apt-get install -y dotnet-runtime-5.0
Hit:1 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stretch-updates InRelease
Hit:2 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stretch-backports InRelease
Ign:3 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stretch InRelease
Hit:4 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security stretch/updates InRelease
Hit:5 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stretch Release
Hit:6 http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates InRelease
Hit:8 http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian buster InRelease
Hit:9 http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian buster-updates InRelease
Hit:10 https://download.docker.com/linux/debian buster InRelease
Hit:11 https://packages.microsoft.com/debian/10/prod buster InRelease
Hit:12 http://deb.nodesource.com/node_13.x buster InRelease
Reading package lists... Done
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
apt-transport-https is already the newest version (1.8.2.3).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 141 not upgraded.
Hit:1 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stretch-updates InRelease
Hit:2 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stretch-backports InRelease
Ign:3 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stretch InRelease
Hit:4 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security stretch/updates InRelease
Hit:5 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stretch Release
Hit:7 http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian buster InRelease
Hit:8 http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian buster-updates InRelease
Hit:9 https://download.docker.com/linux/debian buster InRelease
Hit:10 https://packages.microsoft.com/debian/10/prod buster InRelease
Hit:11 http://deb.nodesource.com/node_13.x buster InRelease
Hit:12 http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates InRelease
Reading package lists... Done
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  dotnet-host dotnet-hostfxr-5.0 dotnet-runtime-deps-5.0
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  dotnet-host dotnet-hostfxr-5.0 dotnet-runtime-5.0 dotnet-runtime-deps-5.0
0 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 141 not upgraded.
Need to get 22.2 MB of archives.
After this operation, 70.8 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 https://packages.microsoft.com/debian/10/prod buster/main amd64 dotnet-host amd64 6.0.3-1 [55.7 kB]
Get:2 https://packages.microsoft.com/debian/10/prod buster/main amd64 dotnet-hostfxr-5.0 amd64 5.0.15-1 [140 kB]
Get:3 https://packages.microsoft.com/debian/10/prod buster/main amd64 dotnet-runtime-deps-5.0 amd64 5.0.15-1 [2,648 B]
Get:4 https://packages.microsoft.com/debian/10/prod buster/main amd64 dotnet-runtime-5.0 amd64 5.0.15-1 [22.0 MB]
Fetched 22.2 MB in 12s (1,849 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package dotnet-host.
(Reading database ... 59387 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../dotnet-host_6.0.3-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking dotnet-host (6.0.3-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package dotnet-hostfxr-5.0.
Preparing to unpack .../dotnet-hostfxr-5.0_5.0.15-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking dotnet-hostfxr-5.0 (5.0.15-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package dotnet-runtime-deps-5.0.
Preparing to unpack .../dotnet-runtime-deps-5.0_5.0.15-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking dotnet-runtime-deps-5.0 (5.0.15-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package dotnet-runtime-5.0.
Preparing to unpack .../dotnet-runtime-5.0_5.0.15-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking dotnet-runtime-5.0 (5.0.15-1) ...
Setting up dotnet-host (6.0.3-1) ...
Setting up dotnet-runtime-deps-5.0 (5.0.15-1) ...
Setting up dotnet-hostfxr-5.0 (5.0.15-1) ...
Setting up dotnet-runtime-5.0 (5.0.15-1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.5-2) ...

安装后验证

root@debiantest1:/etc/apt/sources.list.d# dotnet --info
Host (useful for support):
  Version: 5.0.15
  Commit:  3065735be7
.NET SDKs installed:
  No SDKs were found.
.NET runtimes installed:
  Microsoft.NETCore.App 5.0.15 [/usr/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.NETCore.App]
To install additional .NET runtimes or SDKs:
  https://aka.ms/dotnet-download

运行程序

root@debiantest1:/data/demo1# dotnet ConsoleApp1.dll
Hello World!输入Q退出。
输入Q退出。
输入Q退出。
输入Q退出。
输入Q退出。
输入Q退出。
q

可以看到已经运行成功了。和windows的效果一样。