htmlunit 模拟登录 数字验证码

使用htmlunit的好处有两点,相比httpclient,htmlunit是对浏览器的模拟,比如你定位一个按钮,就可以执行click()方法,此外不需要象在httpclient中一样编写复杂的代码,如一堆request header还有一大堆请求参数,你只需要填写用户名,密码,验证码即可,就象在使用一个没有界面的浏览器,当然更重要的是htmlunit对js的支持设置极其简单

1.添加maven的htmlunit(标红)依赖

 1　 <dependencies>
     <dependency>
         <groupId>junit</groupId>
         <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
         <version>${junit.version}</version>
         <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
         <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
         <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
         <version>1.2.47</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
         <groupId>org.jsoup</groupId>
         <artifactId>jsoup</artifactId>
         <version>1.11.3</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
19         <groupId>net.sourceforge.htmlunit</groupId>
20         <artifactId>htmlunit</artifactId>
21         <version>2.18</version>
22     </dependency>

   </dependencies>

2.思路

定位用户名,密码,验证码框等元素,填写即可,验证码可以先把图片下载下来然后手动输入,也可以使用tess4j进行图片识别,这里是手动输入测试的网站,是一个伪ajaxsubmit,测试多次发现需要二次输入验证码才能正确登录,但令人疑惑的是两次生成的验证码一样(如果不一样说明你第一次输入错误)

 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
         WebClient webClient = new WebClient(BrowserVersion.CHROME);
         webClient.getOptions().setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
         webClient.getOptions().setCssEnabled(true);
         webClient.getOptions().setThrowExceptionOnScriptError(false);
     //    webClient.getOptions().setThrowExceptionOnFailingStatusCode(true);
         webClient.getOptions().setActiveXNative(false);

         //ajax
         webClient.setAjaxController(new NicelyResynchronizingAjaxController());
         webClient.getOptions().setUseInsecureSSL(false);

         //允许重定向
         webClient.getOptions().setRedirectEnabled(true);

         //连接超时
         webClient.getOptions().setTimeout(5000);

         //js执行超时
         webClient.setJavaScriptTimeout(10000*3);

         //对于此网站务必开启
         webClient.getCookieManager().setCookiesEnabled(true);

         String url = "https://www.zuhaowan.com/login/";
         HtmlPage page = webClient.getPage(url);
         webClient.waitForBackgroundJavaScript(5000);

         HtmlPage newPage = readyPage(page, webClient);
     //    String content1 = newPage.asXml();
     //    IOUtils.write(content1.getBytes(),new FileWriter(new File("f:/content1.txt")));

         //如果页面url没有变化重新进行一次登录
         if(newPage.getUrl().toString().equals(url)) {
             System.out.println("出现错误请重新登录-------------");
             HtmlPage result = readyPage(newPage,webClient);
             System.out.println("url----------------"+result.getUrl());
             System.out.println("页面----" + result.asXml());
         //    IOUtils.write(result.asXml(),new FileWriter(new File("f:/content2.txt")));

         }

         webClient.close();
     }

     public static HtmlPage readyPage(HtmlPage page,WebClient webClient) throws Exception {
         //封装页面元素
         HtmlForm form  = page.getHtmlElementById("form2");
         HtmlTextInput loginname = form.getInputByName("loginname");
         loginname.setValueAttribute("用户名");
         HtmlPasswordInput loginpwd = form.getInputByName("loginpwd");
         loginpwd.setValueAttribute("密码");

         //验证码输入框
         HtmlTextInput verify_code = form.getInputByName("verify_code");

         //验证码图片
         HtmlImage verify_img = (HtmlImage) page.getElementById("verify_img");
         UUID randomUUID = UUID.randomUUID();
         //保存
         verify_img.saveAs(new File("./src/main/resources/image/verifyimg"+ randomUUID.toString() +".png"));

         System.out.println("验证码图片已保存!");
         System.out.println("请输入验证码");
         //手动输入验证码
         Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
         String code = scanner.nextLine();
         System.out.println("验证码-------------" + code);
         verify_code.setValueAttribute(code);

         //登录按钮也可以使用page.executeJavaScript("javascript:document.getElementById('loginsubmit').click()").getNewPage();
         HtmlAnchor login = page.getHtmlElementById("loginsubmit");
         HtmlPage newPage = login.click();

         //等待js加载
         webClient.waitForBackgroundJavaScript(5000);
         return newPage;

     }
     

3.控制台部分输出截图