c++-多态和vptr指针

多态的原理

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Parent
{
public:
	Parent(int a) {
		this->a = a;
	}

	virtual void func(int a)
	{
		cout << "Parent::func(int)..." << endl;
	}

	virtual void func(int a, int b, int c)
	{
		cout << "Parent::func(int ,int ,int )...." << endl;
	}
private:
	int a;
};

class Child :public Parent
{
public:
	Child(int a, int b) :Parent(a)
	{
		this->b = b;
	}
	virtual void func(int a)
	{
		cout << "Child: func(int)..." << endl;
	}

	void func(int a, int b) {
		cout << "Child :func(int ,int )..." << endl;
	}

	virtual void func(int a, int b, int c)
	{
		cout << "Child ::func(int ,int ,int )..." << endl;
	}
private:
	int b;
};

void myFunc(Parent *pp)
{
	pp->func(10);
}

int main(void)
{
	//Parent *pp = new Parent(10);
	//Parent *cp = new Child(100, 200);

	Parent *pp = new Child(100, 200);

	pp->func(10);//Parent ？ Child
					//如果调用一个普通函数，编译器根本就不会查找虚函数表。
					//只有你调用的函数，是虚函数的时候，才会去查找虚函数表
	// myFunc(pp);
	pp->func(10, 20, 30);

	return 0;
}

验证vptr指针的存在

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Parent
{
public:
	virtual void func()
	{
		cout << "Parent::func().." << endl;
	}
	virtual void func(int a)
	{
		cout << "Parent::func().." << endl;
	}
private:
	int a;
};

class Parent2
{
public:
	void func()
	{
		cout << "Parent2::func().." << endl;
	}
private:
	int a;
};
int main(void)
{
	Parent p1;
	Parent2 p2;

	cout << "sizeof(p1) " << sizeof(p1) << endl;//多出来的4个字节就是vptr指针所占用的空间。
	cout << "sizeof(p2) " << sizeof(p2) << endl;

	return 0;
}

vptr指针分布初始化

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Parent
{
public:
	Parent(int a)
	{
		cout << "Parent(int ..)" << endl;
		this->a = a;

		//print();//是调用父类的print（） 还是 子类的print（）？
				//通过结果 此时调用的父类的print 并不是子类的print
	}

	virtual void print()
	{
		cout << "Parent::print()...a = "<<a << endl;
	}
private:
	int a;
};

class Child :public Parent
{
public:
	Child(int a, int b) :Parent(a) //在调用父类的构造器的时候，会将vptr指针当做父类来处理。
									//此时会临时指向父类的虚函数表

	{
		//将子类对象的空间有编程子类对象处理，vptr指针就从指向父类的表 变成 指向子类的表

		cout << "Child (int ,int )" << endl;
		this->b = b;
		print();//此时vptr指针已经回到了 子类的表， 调用的是子类的print函数。

	}

	virtual void print() {
		cout << "Child ::Print()..b = " << b << endl;
	}
private:
	int b;
};

int main(void)
{
	Parent *pp = new Child(10, 20);
	// pp->print();//发生多态

	delete pp;

	return 0;
}

父类指针和子类指针的步长

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Parent
{
public:
	Parent(int a)
	{
		this->a = a;
	}
	virtual void print()
	{
		cout << "Parent::print a=  " << a << endl;
	}

	int a;
};

class Child :public Parent
{
public:
	Child(int a) :Parent(a)
	{

	}

	virtual void print()
	{
		cout << "Child::print a=  " << a << endl;
	}

	int b;
};

int main(void)
{

	Child array[] = { Child(0), Child(1), Child(2) };

	Parent *pp = &array[0];
	Child *cp = &array[0];

	pp++;

	pp->print();
	cp->print();

#if 0
	pp++;//pp +sizeof(Parent)
	cp++;//cp +sizeof(Child)

	pp->print();
	cp->print();
#endif
	cout << "-----" << endl;

	int i = 0;
	for (cp= &array[0], i = 0; i < 3; i++, cp++) {
		cp->print();
	}

	return 0;
}