sqlalchemy多外键关联

一、前言

　　如果有张表A的多个字段关联另一张表B的一个字段，就如同一个客户表的账单地址和发货地址，同时关联地址表中的id字段。

二、事例

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy import Integer, ForeignKey, String, Column
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship

engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://bigberg:111111@172.16.200.49:3306/study",
                       encoding="utf-8", )  # 连接数据库，echo=True =>把所有的信息都打印出来

Base = declarative_base()  # 生成orm基类

class Customer(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'customer'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = Column(String(32), nullable=False)
    # 多个外键关联
    billing_address_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("address.id"))
    shopping_address_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("address.id"))
    # foreign_keys 一定要加，否则会报错
    billing_address = relationship("Address",foreign_keys=[billing_address_id])
    shopping_address = relationship("Address",foreign_keys=[shopping_address_id])

class Address(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'address'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    street = Column(String(64), nullable=False)
    city = Column(String(64), nullable=False)
    state = Column(String(64), nullable=False)

    def __repr__(self):
        return "省份:%s 城市:%s 街区:%s" %(self.state, self.city, self.street)

# 创建表
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)

multi_fk

插入数据，为了整体的简洁，数据操作在另一张表进行

 # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
 import multi_fk
 from multi_fk import Customer
 from multi_fk import Address
 from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker

 # 创建session会话
 Session_class = sessionmaker(bind=multi_fk.engine)
 # 生成session实例
 session = Session_class()

 # 数据
 address_obj1 = Address(street='daguanlu', city='hz', state='zj')
 address_obj2 = Address(street='gudunlu', city='hz', state='zj')
 address_obj3 = Address(street='xinjiekou', city='nj', state='js')
 session.add_all([address_obj1,address_obj2,address_obj3])

 customer_obj1 = Customer(name="bigberg", billing_address=address_obj1,
                          shopping_address=address_obj2)

 customer_obj2 = Customer(name="Jack", billing_address=address_obj3,
                          shopping_address=address_obj3)

 session.add_all([customer_obj1,customer_obj2])

 session.commit()

multi_fk_data

数据和表结构

mysql> select * from address;
+----+-----------+------+-------+
| id | street    | city | state |
+----+-----------+------+-------+
|  1 | daguanlu  | hz   | zj    |
|  2 | gudunlu   | hz   | zj    |
|  3 | xinjiekou | nj   | js    |
+----+-----------+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from customer;
+----+---------+--------------------+---------------------+
| id | name    | billing_address_id | shopping_address_id |
+----+---------+--------------------+---------------------+
|  1 | bigberg |                  1 |                   2 |
|  2 | Jack    |                  3 |                   3 |
+----+---------+--------------------+---------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc address;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field  | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id     | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| street | varchar(64) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| city   | varchar(64) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| state  | varchar(64) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc customer;
+---------------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field               | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+---------------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id                  | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name                | varchar(32) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| billing_address_id  | int(11)     | YES  | MUL | NULL    |                |
| shopping_address_id | int(11)     | YES  | MUL | NULL    |                |
+---------------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查询

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import multi_fk
from multi_fk import Customer
from multi_fk import Address
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker

# 创建session会话
Session_class = sessionmaker(bind=multi_fk.engine)
# 生成session实例
session = Session_class()

obj = session.query(Customer).filter(Customer.name=='bigberg').first()
print(obj.name,'\n','bill_address:',obj.billing_address,'\n',
      'shopping_address:', obj.shopping_address)
session.commit()

#输出
bigberg
 bill_address: 省份:zj 城市:hz 街区:daguanlu
 shopping_address: 省份:zj 城市:hz 街区:gudunlu

multi_fk_query