ASP.NET MVC路由配置

一、命名参数规范+匿名对象

 routes.MapRoute(name: "Default",
 url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
 defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } ); 

构造路由然后添加

 Route myRoute = new Route("{controller}/{action}", new MvcRouteHandler());
 routes.Add("MyRoute", myRoute);  

二、直接方法重载+匿名对象

 routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema", "Shop/{action}", new { controller = "Home" }); 

个人觉得第一种比较易懂，第二种方便调试，第三种写起来比较效率吧。各取所需吧。本文行文偏向于第三种。

1.默认路由(MVC自带)

 routes.MapRoute(
 "Default", // 路由名称
 "{controller}/{action}/{id}", // 带有参数的 URL
 new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } // 参数默认值 

2.静态URL段

 routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema2", "Shop/OldAction", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" });
 routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema", "Shop/{action}", new { controller = "Home" });
 routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema2", "Shop/OldAction.js",
  new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" }); 

没有占位符路由就是现成的写死的。

比如这样写然后去访问http://localhost:XXX/Shop/OldAction.js，response也是完全没问题的。 controller , action , area这三个保留字就别设静态变量里面了。

3.自定义常规变量URL段

 routes.MapRoute("MyRoute2", "{controller}/{action}/{id}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = "DefaultId" });

这种情况如果访问 /Home/Index 的话，因为第三段(id)没有值，根据路由规则这个参数会被设为DefaultId

这个用viewbag给title赋值就能很明显看出

 ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values["id"];  

结果是标题显示为DefaultId， 注意要在控制器里面赋值，在视图赋值没法编译的。

4.再述默认路由

然后再回到默认路由。 UrlParameter.Optional这个叫可选URL段.路由里没有这个参数的话id为null。 照原文大致说法，这个可选URL段能用来实现一个关注点的分离。刚才在路由里直接设定参数默认值其实不是很好。照我的理解，实际参数是用户发来的，我们做的只是定义形式参数名。但是，如果硬要给参数赋默认值的话，建议用语法糖写到action参数里面。比如：

public ActionResult Index(string id = "abcd")
{
    ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values["id"];
    return View();
}

5.可变长度路由

routes.MapRoute("MyRoute",
 "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional });

在这里id和最后一段都是可变的，所以 /Home/Index/dabdafdaf 等效于 /Home/Index//abcdefdjldfiaeahfoeiho 等效于 /Home/Index/All/Delete/Perm/.....

6.跨命名空间路由

这个提醒一下记得引用命名空间，开启IIS网站不然就是404。这个非常非主流，不建议瞎搞。

routes.MapRoute("MyRoute",
"{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers", "UrlsAndRoutes.Controllers" }); 

但是这样写的话数组排名不分先后的，如果有多个匹配的路由会报错。 然后作者提出了一种改进写法。

routes.MapRoute("AddContollerRoute",
"Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" });
routes.MapRoute("MyRoute",
"{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
 new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers" }); 

这样第一个URL段不是Home的都交给第二个处理 最后还可以设定这个路由找不到的话就不给后面的路由留后路啦，也就不再往下找啦。

 Route myRoute = routes.MapRoute("AddContollerRoute",
 "Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
 new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
 new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" });  myRoute.DataTokens["UseNamespaceFallback"] = false;

7.正则表达式匹配路由

 routes.MapRoute("MyRoute",
  "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
  new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
  new { controller = "^H.*"},
 new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"});

约束多个URL

routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
new { controller = "^H.*", action = "^Index$|^About___FCKpd___13quot;},
new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"});

8.指定请求方法

 routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
 new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
 new { controller = "^H.*", action = "Index|About", httpMethod = new HttpMethodConstraint("GET") },
 new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers" });  

9.最后还是不爽的话自己写个类实现 IRouteConstraint的匹配方法。

 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Web;
 using System.Web.Routing;
 /// <summary>
 /// If the standard constraints are not sufficient for your needs, you can define your own custom constraints by implementing the IRouteConstraint interface.
 /// </summary>
 public class UserAgentConstraint : IRouteConstraint
 { 

     private string requiredUserAgent;
     public UserAgentConstraint(string agentParam)
     {
         requiredUserAgent = agentParam;
     }
     public bool Match(HttpContextBase httpContext, Route route, string parameterName,
     RouteValueDictionary values, RouteDirection routeDirection)
     {
         return httpContext.Request.UserAgent != null &&
         httpContext.Request.UserAgent.Contains(requiredUserAgent);
     }
 } 

 routes.MapRoute("ChromeRoute", "{*catchall}",  

 new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" },  

 new { customConstraint = new UserAgentConstraint("Chrome") },  

 new[] { "UrlsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" }); 

比如这个就用来匹配是否是用谷歌浏览器访问网页的。

10.访问本地文档

 routes.RouteExistingFiles = true;  

 routes.MapRoute("DiskFile", "Content/StaticContent.html", new { controller = "Customer", action = "List", });

浏览网站，以开启 IIS Express，然后点显示所有应用程序-点击网站名称-配置(applicationhost.config)-搜索UrlRoutingModule节点

 <add name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule" preCondition="managedHandler,runtimeVersionv4.0" /> 

把这个节点里的preCondition删除，变成

 <add name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule" preCondition="" /> 

11.直接访问本地资源，绕过了路由系统

 routes.IgnoreRoute("Content/{filename}.html");  

文件名还可以用 {filename}占位符。

IgnoreRoute方法是RouteCollection里面StopRoutingHandler类的一个实例。路由系统通过硬-编码识别这个Handler。如果这个规则匹配的话，后面的规则都无效了。 这也就是默认的路由里面routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");写最前面的原因。

三、路由测试(在测试项目的基础上，要装moq)

 PM> Install-Package Moq 

 using System;
 using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
 using System.Web;
 using Moq;
 using System.Web.Routing;
 using System.Reflection;
 [TestClass]
 public class RoutesTest
 {
     private HttpContextBase CreateHttpContext(string targetUrl = null, string HttpMethod = "GET")
     {
         // create the mock request
         Mock<HttpRequestBase> mockRequest = new Mock<HttpRequestBase>();
         mockRequest.Setup(m => m.AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath)
         .Returns(targetUrl);
         mockRequest.Setup(m => m.HttpMethod).Returns(HttpMethod);
         // create the mock response
         Mock<HttpResponseBase> mockResponse = new Mock<HttpResponseBase>();
         mockResponse.Setup(m => m.ApplyAppPathModifier(
         It.IsAny<string>())).Returns<string>(s => s);
         // create the mock context, using the request and response
         Mock<HttpContextBase> mockContext = new Mock<HttpContextBase>();
         mockContext.Setup(m => m.Request).Returns(mockRequest.Object);
         mockContext.Setup(m => m.Response).Returns(mockResponse.Object);
         // return the mocked context
         return mockContext.Object;
     } 

     private void TestRouteMatch(string url, string controller, string action, object routeProperties = null, string httpMethod = "GET")
     {
         // Arrange
         RouteCollection routes = new RouteCollection();
         RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(routes);
         // Act - process the route
         RouteData result = routes.GetRouteData(CreateHttpContext(url, httpMethod));
         // Assert
         Assert.IsNotNull(result);
         Assert.IsTrue(TestIncomingRouteResult(result, controller, action, routeProperties));
     } 

     private bool TestIncomingRouteResult(RouteData routeResult, string controller, string action, object propertySet = null)
     {
         Func<object, object, bool> valCompare = (v1, v2) =>
         {
             return StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase
             .Compare(v1, v2) == ;
         };
         bool result = valCompare(routeResult.Values["controller"], controller)
         && valCompare(routeResult.Values["action"], action);
         if (propertySet != null)
         {
             PropertyInfo[] propInfo = propertySet.GetType().GetProperties();
             foreach (PropertyInfo pi in propInfo)
             {
                 if (!(routeResult.Values.ContainsKey(pi.Name)
                 && valCompare(routeResult.Values[pi.Name],
                 pi.GetValue(propertySet, null))))
                 {
                     result = false;
                     break;
                 }
             }
         }
         return result;
     } 

     private void TestRouteFail(string url)
     {
         // Arrange
         RouteCollection routes = new RouteCollection();
         RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(routes);
         // Act - process the route
         RouteData result = routes.GetRouteData(CreateHttpContext(url));
         // Assert
         Assert.IsTrue(result == null || result.Route == null);
     } 

     [TestMethod]
     public void TestIncomingRoutes()
     {
         // check for the URL that we hope to receive
         TestRouteMatch("~/Admin/Index", "Admin", "Index");
         // check that the values are being obtained from the segments
         TestRouteMatch("~/One/Two", "One", "Two");
         // ensure that too many or too few segments fails to match
         TestRouteFail("~/Admin/Index/Segment");//失败
         TestRouteFail("~/Admin");//失败
         TestRouteMatch("~/", "Home", "Index");
         TestRouteMatch("~/Customer", "Customer", "Index");
         TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List", "Customer", "List");
         TestRouteFail("~/Customer/List/All");//失败
         TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All", "Customer", "List", new { id = "All" });
         TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All/Delete", "Customer", "List", new { id = "All", catchall = "Delete" });
         TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All/Delete/Perm", "Customer", "List", new { id = "All", catchall = "Delete/Perm" });
     } 

 }