java接口测试入门

一、什么是接口

接口是前端和后端的数据通道

二、如何获取接口

1.开发不提供接口文档，通过抓包工具比如fiddler进行抓取，如下：

步骤一：设置浏览器（比如火狐）代理

步骤二：设置url过滤器，进入包的过滤抓取

步骤三：查看fiddler抓取的包，获取到接口

2.开发提供详细接口文档

三、通过Java代码模拟客户端向服务器发送请求，查看接口响应

步骤一：下载开源对象HttpClient所属的Jar包至本地，下载地址：http://hc.apache.org/downloads.cgi

步骤二：将解压后lib目录下的jar文件拷贝至java工程并build path

步骤三：创建Java类，编写代码模拟客户端发送请求，查看响应

a）get请求

     private static void get() throws IOException, ClientProtocolException {
         String url = "http://xxx.com//loginValidate.do";
         url += "?userName=xxx&password=xxx";
         //客户端
         HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
         //建立get请求
         HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);
         //发送请求,得到响应
         HttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
         //返回响应体
         HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
         //将响应体以字符串形式返回
         String content = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
         System.out.println((content));
     }

b) post请求

 private static void post() throws UnsupportedEncodingException, IOException, ClientProtocolException {
         String url = "http://xxxx.com//loginValidate.do";
         //客户端
         HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
         //建立post请求
         HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
         //封装参数信息,使用list保存
         List<NameValuePair> pairs = new ArrayList();
         NameValuePair pair1 = new BasicNameValuePair("userName", "xxxx");
         NameValuePair pair2 = new BasicNameValuePair("password","xxxx");
         pairs.add(pair1);
         pairs.add(pair2);
         post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(pairs));

         //发送请求,得到响应
         HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
         //返回响应体
         HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
         //将响应体以字符串形式返回
         String content = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
         System.out.println((content));
     }