RAC监听与tns

监听：

个人理解：本来想通过scan ip来配置tns总数报12545，后来通过vip来配置tns

11g rac的监听在安装时创建，由grid用户管理监听，listener.ora文件在$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin目录中。rac中有asm实例和数据库实例。

[grid@node1 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysasm"

SQL> show parameter listen;

NAME                      TYPE             VALUE
----------------      ----------- ------------------------------
listener_networks     string
local_listener            string       (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=node1-vip)(PORT=1521))))
remote_listener        string

[grid@node2 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysasm"

SQL> show parameter listen;

NAME                      TYPE             VALUE
----------------      ----------- ------------------------------
listener_networks     string
local_listener            string       (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=node2-vip)(PORT=1521))))
remote_listener        string

查看监听状态:

节点1：

[grid@node1 ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 18-JAN-2016 06:09:17

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date                18-JAN-2016 00:15:53

Uptime                    0 days 5 hr. 53 min. 23 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /u01/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/node1/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.56.201)(PORT=1521)))

Services Summary...

Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "RACDB" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "RACDB1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "RACDBXDB" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "RACDB1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

（红色部分，如果在数据库实例中的host没有配置vip地址就不会显示）

The command completed successfully

节点2：

[grid@node2 ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 18-JAN-2016 06:10:51

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date                18-JAN-2016 00:15:54

Uptime                    0 days 5 hr. 54 min. 59 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /u01/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/node2/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.56.202)(PORT=1521)))

Services Summary...

Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "+ASM2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "RACDB" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "RACDB2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "RACDBXDB" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "RACDB2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

查看oracle实例的listener配置：

[oracle@node2 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL> show parameter listen;

NAME                         TYPE              VALUE
-----------------      ----------- ------------------------------
listener_networks        string                                                                          （这个位置不能配置scan ip,试了不可行，本来想通过scan ip配置tns）
local_listener               string       (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=node2-vip)(PORT=1521))))
remote_listener           string       rac-scan:1521

[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL> show parameter listen;

NAME                         TYPE              VALUE
-----------------      ----------- ------------------------------
listener_networks        string
local_listener               string       (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=node1-vip)(PORT=1521))))
remote_listener           string       rac-scan:1521

可通过下面语句修改参数：

alter system set local_listener = '(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=node1-vip)(PORT=1521))))' scope=both sid='RACDB1';

alter system register;

tns:

第一种：

rac =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.201)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.202)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = RACDB)

)

)

这种情况，连接的实例挂掉，会断开重新连接另一个实例。

第二种：

TAF（Transparent Application Failover）:

11g文档位置:Database Administration->Network Management->Local Naming Parameters(tnsname.ora)->

搜索retries ->Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide

　　Basic:

rac=

(DESCRIPTION=

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.201)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.202)(PORT = 1521))

)

(LOAD_BALANCE = on)

(CONNECT_DATA=

(SERVICE_NAME=RACDB)

(FAILOVER_MODE=

(TYPE=select) –有session 和select （select 查询1w条，返回1k后挂掉，重新连接返回9k，session重新查询）两种

(METHOD=basic)

(RETRIES=20)

(DELAY=15)

)

)

)

--如果连接的实例挂掉，重新建立连接,不会先断开。

　　Preconnect:

rac1=

(DESCRIPTION=

(ADDRESS=

(PROTOCOL=tcp)

(HOST=192.168.56.201)

(PORT=1521))

(CONNECT_DATA=

(SERVICE_NAME=RACDB)

(INSTANCE_NAME=RACDB1)

(FAILOVER_MODE=

(BACKUP=rac2)

(TYPE=select)

(METHOD=preconnect))))

rac2=

(DESCRIPTION=

(ADDRESS=

(PROTOCOL=tcp)

(HOST=192.168.56.201)

(PORT=1521))

(CONNECT_DATA=

(SERVICE_NAME=RACDB)

(INSTANCE_NAME=sales2)

(FAILOVER_MODE=

(BACKUP=RACDB2)

(TYPE=select)

(METHOD=preconnect))))

--切换快，但是浪费资源.先建立连接。

以上的方式为客户端，下面的方式为服务端。

第三种：

创建服务（oracle用户）

srvctl add service –d RACDB –s HAHA –r ‘RACDB2,RACDB1’ –P basic

启动服务

srvctl start service –d RACDB –s HAHA

show parameter service;服务名为HAHA不是RACDB.

通过函数修改

begin

dbms_service.modify_service(service_name     => 'HAHA',

failover_method  => 'dbms_service.failover_method_basic',

failover_type    => 'dbms_service.failover_type_select',

failover_retries => 180,

failover_delay   => 5);

end;

查看服务进程：crs_stat -t 列表中有没有HAHA的进程

客户端配置tns

rac-taf =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.201)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.202)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = HAHA)

)

)

srvctl:

srvctl status database –d RACDB

srvctl status instance –d RACDB –i RACDB1

srvctl stop instance –d RACDB –I RACDB2