Tcpdump MySQL Query

在MySQL线上环境我们一般只打开了binary log，slow log，有时我们需要查看general log呢？因为该log记录所有的请求，打开该日志肯定给磁盘造成很大压力，IO能力有所下降，所以该日志线上一般不打开的，这就到tcpdump闪亮登场了。

tcpdump用法也不算复杂，输出就比较复杂了，如果非常熟悉TCP/IP协议，那么输出对于你来说就是小kiss啦。我们这里只关心MySQL的Query，所以输出还是非常简单，就是日常的查询语句。

1.安装

一般系统都自带了tcpdump命令，没有该命令的采用如下方式安装：

[root@yayun-mysql-server ~]# yum install tcpdump -y

2.简单使用（shell结合perl过滤查询）

[root@yayun-mysql-server ~]# cat query.sh
#!/bin/bash

tcpdump -i any -s  -l -w - dst port  | strings | perl -e '
while(<>) { chomp; next if /^[^ ]+[ ]*$/;
    if(/^(SELECT|UPDATE|DELETE|INSERT|SET|COMMIT|ROLLBACK|CREATE|DROP|ALTER|CALL)/i)
    {
        if (defined $q) { print "$q\n"; }
        $q=$_;
    } else {
        $_ =~ s/^[ \t]+//; $q.=" $_";
    }
}'
[root@yayun-mysql-server ~]# 

关于各个参数说明请阅读文章最后给的链接。
执行上面脚本，在另外一个窗口执行查询，我使用了sysbench进行压力测试，最后抓取到的结果如下：

tcpdump: listening on any, link-type LINUX_SLL (Linux cooked), capture size  bytes
 { @ H{ @ H` @ ?h 'f$ ?h ;f$ ?h Of$ ?h cf$ ?h wf$ ?h" f$ ?h# f% ?h# f% H| @ Lg @ ?h+ f% <X _ ?h/ f% ?h/ f% Ha @ #d +/ #d ?/ #d S/ #d g/ #d {/ Hh @ H} @ <e _ L| @ Hb @ ?h? f& ?hM f' ?hN f' ?hZ f( #d3 / H      @ Hi @ <x _ <x _ H~ @ Hc @ H} @ S 5       r ,) r @) r T) r h) r v) r! ) ?h~ f+ r+ ) N9 O f+#: f+#: #dM / Lj @ Hd @ #d_ / SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE 'sbtest'
SELECT c from sbtest where id=?
SELECT c from sbtest where id between ? and ?
SELECT SUM(K) from sbtest where id between ? and ?
SELECT c from sbtest where id between ? and ? order by c
SELECT DISTINCT c from sbtest where id between ? and ? order by c
UPDATE sbtest set k=k+ where id=?
UPDATE sbtest set c=? where id=?
DELETE from sbtest where id=?
INSERT INTO sbtest values(?,,' ','aaaaaaaaaaffffffffffrrrrrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeyyyyyyyyyy')
SELECT c from sbtest where id=?
SELECT c from sbtest where id between ? and ?
SELECT SUM(K) from sbtest where id between ? and ?
SELECT c from sbtest where id between ? and ? order by c
SELECT DISTINCT c from sbtest where id between ? and ? order by c
UPDATE sbtest set k=k+ where id=?
UPDATE sbtest set c=? where id=?
DELETE from sbtest where id=?
INSERT INTO sbtest values(?,,' ','aaaaaaaaaaffffffffffrrrrrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeyyyyyyyyyy')
SELECT c from sbtest where id=?
SELECT c from sbtest where id between ? and ?
SELECT SUM(K) from sbtest where id between ? and ?
SELECT c from sbtest where id between ? and ? order by c
SELECT DISTINCT c from sbtest where id between ? and ? order by c
UPDATE sbtest set k=k+ where id=?
UPDATE sbtest set c=? where id=?
DELETE from sbtest where id=?
INSERT INTO sbtest values(?,,' ','aaaaaaaaaaffffffffffrrrrrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeyyyyyyyyyy')
SELECT c from sbtest where id=?
SELECT c from sbtest where id between ? and ?
SELECT SUM(K) from sbtest where id between ? and ?
SELECT c from sbtest where id between ? and ? order by c
SELECT DISTINCT c from sbtest where id between ? and ? order by c
UPDATE sbtest set k=k+ where id=?
UPDATE sbtest set c=? where id=?
DELETE from sbtest where id=?

其实还有更简单的方法，那就是使用tcpflow

安装tcpflow

[root@yayun-mysql-server ~]# yum install tcpflow -y

抓取数据的命令如下：

[root@yayun-mysql-server ~]# tcpflow -c -p -i any dst port  | grep -i -E "select|insert|update|delete|replace" | sed 's%\(.*\)\([.]\{4\}\)\(.*\)%\3%'  

输出结果和tcpdump结果是一样的。

tcpflow[]: listening on any
SELECT c from sbtest where id=?
SELECT c from sbtest where id between ? and ?
SELECT SUM(K) from sbtest where id between ? and ?
SELECT c from sbtest where id between ? and ? order by c
SELECT DISTINCT c from sbtest where id between ? and ? order by c
UPDATE sbtest set k=k+ where id=?
UPDATE sbtest set c=? where id=?
DELETE from sbtest where id=?
INSERT INTO sbtest values(?,,' ','aaaaaaaaaaffffffffffrrrrrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeyyyyyyyyyy')
SELECT c from sbtest where id=?
SELECT c from sbtest where id between ? and ?
SELECT SUM(K) from sbtest where id between ? and ?
SELECT c from sbtest where id between ? and ? order by c
SELECT DISTINCT c from sbtest where id between ? and ? order by c
UPDATE sbtest set k=k+ where id=?
UPDATE sbtest set c=? where id=?
DELETE from sbtest where id=?
INSERT INTO sbtest values(?,,' ','aaaaaaaaaaffffffffffrrrrrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeyyyyyyyyyy')
SELECT c from sbtest where id=?
SELECT c from sbtest where id between ? and ?
SELECT SUM(K) from sbtest where id between ? and ?
SELECT c from sbtest where id between ? and ? order by c
SELECT DISTINCT c from sbtest where id between ? and ? order by c

最后说说pt-query-digest，这工具包含在percona-toolkit，在分析慢查询方面是非常的好使，具体的用法大家自己前往官网查阅。

我们通过tcpdump抓包以后，通过--type tcpdump选项来分析一下，简单的用法如下：

[root@yayun-mysql-server ~]# tcpdump -s  -x -nn -q -tttt -i any -c  port  > mysql.tcp.txt
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on any, link-type LINUX_SLL (Linux cooked), capture size  bytes
 packets captured
 packets received by filter
 packets dropped by kernel
[root@yayun-mysql-server ~]# 

然后使用pt-query-digest工具来进行分析一下，用法也比较简单

[root@yayun-mysql-server ~]# pt-query-digest --type tcpdump mysql.tcp.txt                             

# 340ms user time, 50ms system time, 24.38M rss, 205.10M vsz
# Current date: Thu Jun  ::
# Hostname: yayun-mysql-server
# Files: mysql.tcp.txt
# Overall:  total,  unique, 115.61 QPS, .02x concurrency _____________
# Time range: -- ::11.127883 to ::11.300885
# Attribute          total     min     max     avg     %  stddev  median
# ============     ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
# Exec time            3ms    51us   862us   171us   568us   191us    84us
# Rows affecte
# Query size
# Warning coun                                                     

# Profile
# Rank Query ID           Response time Calls R/Call V/M   Item
# ==== ================== ============= ===== ====== ===== =====
#     0x85FFF5AA78E5FF6A 0.0034 100.0%     0.0002  0.00 BEGIN

# Query : 115.61 QPS, .02x concurrency, ID 0x85FFF5AA78E5FF6A at byte
# This item is included in the report because it matches --limit.
# Scores: V/M = 0.00
# Time range: -- ::11.127883 to ::11.300885
# Attribute    pct   total     min     max     avg     %  stddev  median
# ============ === ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
# Count
# Exec time         3ms    51us   862us   171us   568us   191us    84us
# Rows affecte
# Query size
# Warning coun
# String:
# Hosts        192.168.1.20
# Query_time distribution
#   1us
#  10us  ################################################################
# 100us  ####################################################
#   1ms
#  10ms
# 100ms
#    1s
#  10s+
BEGIN\G
[root@yayun-mysql-server ~]# 

如果系统历史比较久，我们想知道哪些账号在连接数据库的话，可以使用下面的命令，非常简单方便哦。

 tcpdump -s  -x -nn -q -tttt -i any -c   port  | pt-query-digest --limit=% --type tcpdump | perl -lne 'BEGIN{$/=""};1 while(/Hosts\s+((?:\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3})[\s\S]+?Users\s+(\w+)(?{$h->{"$2\@$1"}++})/mg);END{print $_ for keys %$h}'

参考资料：

http://www.megalinux.net/using-tcpdump-for-mysql-query-logging/

http://www.xfocus.net/articles/200105/172.html

http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/2008/11/07/poor-mans-query-logging/

http://www.percona.com/doc/percona-toolkit/2.2/pt-query-digest.html