实现纸牌游戏的随机抽牌洗牌过程（item系列几个内置方法的实例）

实现纸牌游戏的随机抽牌洗牌过程（item系列几个内置方法的实例）

1、namedtuple:命名元组，可以创建一个没有方法只有属性的类
from collections import namedtuple
card = namedtuple('card',['rank','suit'])  # rank 牌面大小，suit牌面的花色
# card其实就是namedtuple创建的一个类，其属性就是rank和suit
c1 = card(,'红心 ')
# c1是实例化的对象
print(c1)
print(c1.suit)

运行结果：

card(rank=2, suit='红心 ')
红心2

2、按照循环顺序，通过对象[索引]任意取牌
from collections import namedtuple
Card = namedtuple('Card',['rank','suit'])  # rank 牌面大小，suit牌面的花色
class FranchDeck:
    ranks = [str(n) for n in range(2,11)]+list('JQKA')
    suits = ['红心','方板','梅花','黑桃']
    def __init__(self):
        self._cards = [Card(rank,suit) for rank in FranchDeck.ranks for suit in FranchDeck.suits]
        # 嵌套循环,每循环一次都拿到一张牌，并且都会存到一个列表中,这个里面的牌是按照循环的顺序的
    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return self._cards[item]

deck = FranchDeck()
print(deck[10])  # 出现对象加索引的的取法就是触发__getitem__方法

运行结果：

Card(rank='', suit='梅花')

Process finished with exit code 0

3、choice实现随机抽取一张纸牌的过程
from collections import namedtuple
Card = namedtuple('Card',['rank','suit'])  # rank 牌面大小，suit牌面的花色
class FranchDeck:
    ranks = [str(n) for n in range(2,11)]+list('JQKA')
    suits = ['红心','方板','梅花','黑桃']
    def __init__(self):
        self._cards = [Card(rank,suit) for rank in FranchDeck.ranks for suit in FranchDeck.suits]
        # 嵌套循环,每循环一次都拿到一张牌，并且都会存到一个列表中,这个里面的牌是按照循环的顺序的

    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return self._cards[item]

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self._cards)

# 实现按照循环循序抽取对应的纸牌
deck = FranchDeck()
print(deck[10])  # 出现对象加索引的的取法就是触发__getitem__方法

# 实现随机抽取一张牌的过程
from random import choice
print(choice(deck))
# 注意：# choice能够实现随机抽取纸牌，必须得依赖__len__方法，如果前面没有定义__len__方法就会报错，
# 即只要用到choice就会触发__len__方法

运行结果：

Card(rank='A', suit='梅花')

Process finished with exit code 0

4、shuffle实现随机洗牌的过程
from collections import namedtuple
Card = namedtuple('Card',['rank','suit'])  # rank 牌面大小，suit牌面的花色
class FranchDeck:
    ranks = [str(n) for n in range(2,11)]+list('JQKA')
    suits = ['红心','方板','梅花','黑桃']
    def __init__(self):
        self._cards = [Card(rank,suit) for rank in FranchDeck.ranks for suit in FranchDeck.suits]
        # 嵌套循环,每循环一次都拿到一张牌，并且都会存到一个列表中,这个里面的牌是按照循环的顺序的

    def __getitem__(self, item):
         return self._cards[item]

     def __len__(self):
         return len(self._cards)  # 传纸牌的长度，是从这么多张纸牌里面抽取

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        self._cards[key] = value

deck = FranchDeck()
print(deck[10])
# 通过shuffle和__setitem__实现随机洗牌的过程，如果前面没有定义__setitem__方法同样会报错
# 因为随机洗牌的过程索引对应的牌就会发生改变，所以只能通过__setitem__去改变
from random import shuffle
shuffle(deck)
print(deck[10])

运行结果：

Card(rank='', suit='梅花')
Card(rank='K', suit='红心')

总结：
以上纸牌游戏实现随机抽牌，洗牌的过程，仅仅只是用了内置的方法，并没有用我们自己定
义的方法就实现了，需要注意的是： __getitem__与对象[索引]，__len__与choice，__setitem__与shuffle
必须同时结合使用
内置函数，内置模块，内置的基础类型<---->类的内置方法，比如：== <--->__eq__，len()<--->__len__

5、总代码----纸牌游戏随机取牌以及洗牌的过程

# 按照循环顺序，通过对象[索引]任意取牌
# choice实现随机抽取一张纸牌的过程
# shuffle实现随机洗牌的过程
import json
from collections import namedtuple
Card = namedtuple('Card',['rank','suit'])  # rank 牌面大小，suit牌面的花色
class FranchDeck:
    ranks = [str(n) for n in range(2,11)]+list('JQKA')
    suits = ['红心','方板','梅花','黑桃']
    def __init__(self):
        self._cards = [Card(rank,suit) for rank in FranchDeck.ranks for suit in FranchDeck.suits]
        # 嵌套循环,每循环一次都拿到一张牌，并且都会存到一个列表中,这个里面的牌是按照循环的顺序的

    def __getitem__(self, item):  # 通过对象[索引]进行触发
         return self._cards[item]

    def __len__(self):  # 通过choice进行触发
         return len(self._cards)  # 传纸牌的长度，是从这么多张纸牌里面抽取

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):  # 通过shuffle进行触发
        self._cards[key] = value

    def __str__(self):
         return json.dumps(self._cards,ensure_ascii=False)  # 序列化

deck = FranchDeck()

# 通过对象[索引]和__getitem__实现按照循环循序抽取对应的纸牌
print(deck[10])  # 出现对象加索引的的取法就是触发__getitem__方法

# 通过choice和__len__实现随机抽取一张牌的过程
from random import choice
print(choice(deck))
# choice能够实现随机抽取纸牌，必须得依赖内置的__len__方法，如果前面没有定义__len__方法就会报错
print(deck[10])

# 通过shuffle和__setitem__实现随机洗牌的过程
from random import shuffle
shuffle(deck)
print(deck[10])
print(deck)  # 需要进行序列化才可以

print(deck[:5])  # 直接利用对象进行切片

运行结果：

Card(rank='', suit='梅花')
Card(rank='A', suit='红心')
Card(rank='', suit='梅花')
Card(rank='A', suit='梅花')
[["", "梅花"], ["", "梅花"], ["", "梅花"], ["", "方板"], ["", "方板"], ["Q", "红心"], ["", "红心"], ["J", "黑桃"], ["", "梅花"], ["J", "红心"], ["A", "梅花"], ["", "黑桃"], ["Q", "方板"], ["", "梅花"], ["", "红心"], ["A", "红心"], ["", "红心"], ["", "方板"], ["", "黑桃"], ["K", "黑桃"], ["", "方板"], ["Q", "梅花"], ["", "黑桃"], ["", "黑桃"], ["J", "梅花"], ["A", "黑桃"], ["", "红心"], ["", "红心"], ["", "红心"], ["J", "方板"], ["", "方板"], ["K", "方板"], ["K", "红心"], ["", "红心"], ["", "红心"], ["", "方板"], ["", "方板"], ["K", "梅花"], ["", "红心"], ["", "梅花"], ["", "黑桃"], ["", "方板"], ["Q", "黑桃"], ["", "梅花"], ["", "梅花"], ["", "黑桃"], ["", "黑桃"], ["", "梅花"], ["", "方板"], ["", "黑桃"], ["", "黑桃"], ["A", "方板"]]
[Card(rank='', suit='梅花'), Card(rank='', suit='梅花'), Card(rank='', suit='梅花'), Card(rank='', suit='方板'), Card(rank='', suit='方板')]