A writer of dictionaries,a harmless druge.
Nine Years for A and B By Christopher Ricks Dr. Johnson was the greatest man who made a dictionary. James A.H. Murray was the man who made the greatest
dictionary: From 1879 to 1915, when he died, he devoted his life to the creation of the Oxford English Dictionary. Dr. Johnson had earned the right, as we have not,
to call the lexicographer "a harmless drudge." For Johnson knew not only that a great deal more than drudgery is involved, but also that the amount of drudgery in
the making of a 'dictionary is simply unimaginable. Even the dictionary maker fortunately can't make it real to himself in advance. So the lexicographer —
even a profoundly thoughtful and experienced one like James Murray — will grasp at the notion that the letter A is typical, so that he can really calculate,
now that he has done A, how long are the vistas ahead. And then, all too soon, he is having to admit, not only that A isn't typical (apparently it has lots of
classically derived words, and these don't have a great many senses), but that the whole idea of a typical letter is a will-o'-the-wisp. Or again, the lexicographer estimates the amount of time and effort involved in chasing up rare words or scientific terms and then finds that the hardest
words are the ones that might seem easiest. The longest entry in the Oxford English Dic- tionary is for that simple slippery little word set, and Murray was plunged
into black despair by "the terrible word Black and its derivatives," The dictionary maker runs against time. He has to, because unless he gets a move on he will fall
further and further behind, while the dictionary is taking longer to record linguistic events than they take to happen. For another thing, a gigantic enterprise like the
O.E.D. needs to be published in parts, to keep up the spirits of all concerned. But people won't buy it unless there is some chance of their still being alive when it
finally reaches its destined Z. What goes for subscribers goes, too, for the publishers, who do hope for some return on, or at least of, their money. So there have
to be schedules and anxiety and resentment and nagging, in this race against time, time whose pace never falters. "The Triple Nightmare: Space, Time, and Money"
— that is the title of a central chapter m this touching, honest, courteous and anecdotally vivid life of James Murray by his granddaughter K.M. Elisabeth Murray.
Mur- ray believed that providence had provided him with this great opportunity. His religious faith, his patriotism, his will power, his exceptionally wide range of
scholarly gifts, his coordinating powers all converged upon this responsibility entrusted to him. ,, ... - Would he have acknowledged that one of the things
providence did for him was mercifully to withhold a full sense of the task that was never to end for him? The unique importance of "the Big Dictionary" he never
un- derestimated, but he did repeatedly underestimate its final magnitude: over 16,000 pages—and each page is large, packed and precise—
of which Murray personally edited nearly half. If. a providential whisper had told Murray at that moment a hundred years ago (when at the age of 40 he agreed to
edit the dictionary) that nine years after the work had started only the letters .A.and B would have been published, and that he would die at the age of 78 without
having quite reached the end of his endeavor, would he ever have set out on such a life work? n But the answer, of course, is yes. James Murray was born in
Scotland in 1837, the son of a village tailor. He went to a parish school, but he left at 14 and he educated himself with pertinacity. He loved knowledge and he loved
to impart it. He became a schoolmaster; he learned language after language and was alive to geology, archeology and phonetics, as well as to local politics. He had to
leave Scotland because of the illness of his first wife, and he became a bank clerk in London. By sheer energy of scholarship, and without benefit of any university
education, he made himself in- dispensable to the other remarkable philologists .of his day. He returned to school-teaching and lived a 72-hour day for the rest of his life. For the invitation to edit what became the O.E.D. was one that he could not refuse. 61, At first he combined it with his school work;
later- he moved to Oxford and dedicated himself to building the best sort of monument — best in that it was not a monument to himself, and best in that it was
not a monument to something dead but rather to something living: the English language. - Unusual in its etymological exactitude, in its strength and
delicacy of definition and of subdivision as each word lives and branches, it was more than unusual — it was unique — in the range, precision and organization
of its illustrative quotations. A great band of instructed volun- teers culled these quotations; subeditors winnowed them; and Murray in his "Scriptorium" shaped
them and did every other kind of work that could make the dictionary as good as humanly possible. He beavered and he badg- ered. He had to chase wild geese:
he asked Robert Louis Stevenson what brean meant in a book of his, and found out that it was a misprint for ocean. He was puz- zled by a plural noun alliterates
in an essay by James Russell Lowell, and found that it, too, was a misprint, this time for the apt word illiterates.
He took pride in what he was doing, and he was not proud of himself. He didn't want a biography: "I am a nobody — if you have anything to say about the Dic-
tionary, there it is at your will — but treat me as a solar myth, or an echo, or an irrational quantity, or ignore me altogether." But he is unignorable, an Eminent
Victo- rian such as we now realize is not to be sneered at. The uneventful dignity of his life makes for a biography which 82 ' It would be odd
to be thrilled by and which it would be insensitive not to be stirred by. "The work is greater than I, or any worker," he said when he was contemplat- ing resignation
because of the ceaseless pressure on him to skimp the work. Only a great man would speak so, or would continue with such simple sincerity and self- abnegation
: "and while I will never desert it, I will never stand in the way of its better or more speedy achieve- ment, if that seems attainable." , Though it was a painful
and arduous life, it was not a grim one. No life can be grim in which a man so thoroughly, and with such justified satisfaction, knows himself in that he knows
what he can work at. Murray, like his friends and colleagues, felt within the present a 'profound community which was dependent not only upon a community
with the past (from which it inherited its whole language of thinking, feeling and pledging), but also upon a community with the future, that future which will
inherit. It is their children, and the children of their children, for whom they work, and they never stop saying so. And it is one of the children of one of Mur-
ray's children who has now written this life of the man who said when he appealed for volunteers: "If you de- sire no credit and feel no interest in helping my work
I can do without you, weep not for me, weep for yourselves and your children." , — From The New Yorfc Times Book Review, October 30, 1977 83 About
the Author Christopher Ricks is a -/British literary critic. The present text is his review of Caught in the Web of Words, a biography of James A. H. Murray by. his granddaughter K.. M. Elisabeth
Murray. . • Notes and Commentary 1. Dr. Johnson — Samuel Johnson (1709-84) was one of the most important 18th-century English writers. His Dic- tionary appeared in 1755. It was the most famous Eng- lish dictionary before Webster, and perhaps the best before the Oxford
English Dictionary. . .. • - .
2. The Oxford English Dictionary — The largest Dictionary of the English language that has ever been published. The 0. E. D.. consists of 12 volumes and
contains over 400,000 words. Its essential feature is what we often refer to as the historical method. The meaning and form of each word in the dictionary
are traced from their , . earliest appearance on the basis of an immense number of quotations collected by more than 800 volunteer read- ers., James
Murray edited nearly half of the Dictionary, the other scholars responsible for the rest of the work being Henry Bradley, Sir William Craigie and Dr. C. T. '
Onions. \ . • '.'•••:'{. ..,..' ... - .
3. "a harmless, drudge" — In Dr. Johnson's Dictionary the 84 word lexicographer is defined as "a writer.of dictionaries) . a harmless drudge". .
4. classically derived words — Words of Greek or Latin s origin. .
5. the "dictionary is taking longer to record linguistic events than they take to happen—New words and ex- pressions constantly find their way into speech while the dictionary requires much longer time to record these linguistic phenomena. -
6. He had to leave Scotland—His first wife was seriously ill and the doctor advised her to move south where the climate might suit her better. So he went to London with her. . .
7. other remarkable philologists, of his day—Henry Sweet, -... Frederick, J. Furnivall, and some others.
8. "Scriptorium"—An iron shed which Murray set*up in ' the garden of his house. The shed was lined with pigeonholes for word-slips.
9. He beavered — Beavers are supposed to be very hard- working, hence the expressions "an eager beaver" and \ ['to work like a beaver". The word is used here as a '.''. verb, meaning "work hard". •
10. He badgered — The badger is a kind of burrowing ani- mal. "He badgered" means he went deeply into his sub- ject.
11. Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-94)—A famous English writer known for his novels Treasure Island, The Black Arrow, etc., and poems written for children.. . \ • 85
12. James Russell Lowell (1819-91)—An American poet and essayist.
13. an Eminent Victorian—Queen Victoria reigned over England from 1837 to 1901. This period is often called the Victorian Age, and an important person of the period a Victorian.
Here the two words Eminent Victorian are capitalized. Apparently the writer is referring to Emi- nent Victorians, a collection of biographies written by Lytton
Strachey. 14. Murray . . . felt within the present a profound com- munity. . . — He felt that linguistically or culturally there was something profound which
the present had in common with both the past and the future. 15. from which it inherited its whole language of thinking, feeling and pledging. The present
inherited from the past the entire language expressive of man's thinking, feeling and undertaking. 16. that future which will inherit—
That future (repeated for the sake of emphasis) which will inherit from the present. Exercises L Questions A 1. How did Dr. Johnson define the word
lexicographer? What did he mean?
A writer of dictionaries,a harmless druge.的更多相关文章
- RFID 读写器 Reader Writer Cloner
RFID读写器的工作原理 RFID的数据采集以读写器为主导,RFID读写器是一种通过无线通信,实现对标签识别和内存数据的读出和写入操作的装置. 读写器又称为阅读器或读头(Reader).查询器(Int ...
- Python CSV Reader/Writer 例子--转载
CSV(comma-separated values) 是跨多种形式导入导出数据的标准格式,比如 MySQL.Excel. 它以纯文本存储数和文本.文件的每一行就代表一条数据,每条记录包含了由逗号分隔 ...
- .NET平台开源项目速览(16)C#写PDF文件类库PDF File Writer介绍
1年前,我在文章:这些.NET开源项目你知道吗?.NET平台开源文档与报表处理组件集合(三)中(第9个项目),给大家推荐了一个开源免费的PDF读写组件 PDFSharp,PDFSharp我2年前就看过 ...
- 如何在Open Live Writer(OLW)中使用precode代码高亮Syntax Highlighter
早先Microsotf的Windows Live Writer(WLW)现在已经开源了,并且更名为Open Live Writer,但是现在Windows Live Writer还是可以现在,Open ...
- [Tool] Open Live Writer 插件更新
最新插件下载地址:Memento.OLW_V1.0.0.2.7z 零.历史更新记录 2016.11.24 1. 修正 cnblog 语法高亮中的 SQL.Perl 语法高亮异常 下载地址:Mement ...
- [Tool] Open Live Writer插件开发
一 前言 Windows Live Writer(简称 WLW)开源之后变成 Open Live Writer(简称 OLW),原先 WLW 的插件在 OLW 下都不能用了,原因很简单,WLW 插件开 ...
- Windows Live Writer代码插件整理
以下code插件命名按照 Windows Live Writer 中显示的插件名 1.Source code plug-in(cnblogs官方推荐) 界面: 效果: /** * Returns th ...
- Distribution2:Distribution Writer
Distribution Writer 调用Statement Delivery 存储过程,将Publication的改变同步到Subscriber中.查看Publication Properties ...
- Windows Live Writer 的昨日荣光
今天这一篇文章,想写一写Windows Live Writer这款博客编辑器(最早的一个版本是2007年发布的).毫不夸张地说,这是为数不多的几款所见即所得的编辑器之一,当然,它的运行速度慢也是一个众 ...
随机推荐
- iOS 新浪微博-3.0 新特性
每个程序在第一次启动的时候,都会显示新特性.效果如下: 思路: 添加一个ViewController,里面放两个View,一个是UISrollView,另一个pageControl 往UISrollV ...
- cocos2dx 3.x版本搭建Mac环境工程(创建一个新的C++工程)百分百可行
首先第一篇,想学cocos2dx第一步就是搭建环境,第一步搭建不了环境,创建不了工程那一切都是扯淡. 说到mac下安装cocos2d-x想到的模式就是xcode+cocos2d-x.因为我本身就是一个 ...
- Oracle如何查询当前的crs/has自启动状态
我们知道在某些停机测试场景,是需要人为禁用crs/has的自启动的,防止过程中主机反复重启对数据库集群造成影响. 使用crsctl disable/enable crs命令可以禁用/启用crs的自启动 ...
- obv15 实例6:如果K线柱过多,ZIG将发生变动,导致明显的OBV15指标被隐藏!
obv
- Koa中使用cookies
错误重现:(使用ctx.cookies.set时报错) 这是因为koa的http的header字符集支持US-ASCII子集的字符集,故设置中文是'utf8'时就会报上面错误 解决方法有两种: 1. ...
- hbase shell operate
, start hdfs [hadoop@alamps sbin]$ ./start-all.sh This script is Deprecated. Instead use start-dfs.s ...
- DX9 DirectX鼠标控制程序 代码
代码实例1: // @time: 2012.3.26 // @author: jadeshu // des: DirectX鼠标控制程序 #include <Windows.h> #inc ...
- 2-1:math库与random库
一.math库: math库是python语言中常用的一个函数库,它包含了一批数学函数,下面我们看一下这个函数库 由于math库中的函数与数学中的函数比较一致,相对比较简单,请同学们自行练习一下: 二 ...
- Window对象属性
2018-11-28 12:21:20
- 网关绑定命令,解决arp攻击
一般家里的宽带都采用ADSL设备,通过固定IP地址接入Internet,但是经常会出现断网的现象,那么如何通过ARP命令绑定默认网关来解决这个问题呢? 工具/原料 ARP命令 CMD命令提示符 方法/ ...