【Linux常见命令】ip命令

ip命令是用来配置网卡ip信息的命令，且是未来的趋势，重启网卡后IP失效。

ip - show / manipulate routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels

语法：

ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }

这一条命令几乎包含了所有使用方法，其中

对象OBJECT={ link | addr | addrlabel | route | rule | neigh | ntable | tunnel | maddr | mroute | mrule | monitor | xfrm | token }

选项OPTIONS={ -V[ersion] | -s[tatistics] | -d[etails] | -r[esolve] | -h[uman-readable] | -iec | -f[amily] { inet | inet6 | ipx | dnet | link } | -o[neline] | -t[imestamp] | -b[atch] [filename] | -rc[vbuf] [size] }

不过COMMAND比较长，请使用’ip OBJECT help’查看。

剩下的如下显示：

ip [-force] -batch filename

ip是iproute2软件包里面的一个强大的网络配置工具，用来显示或操作路由、网络设备、策略路由和隧道，它能够替代一些传统的网络管理工具，例如ifconfig、route等。用ip配置的设备信息，大部分会在设备重启后还原，如果想永久保留配置，请尽量进入配置文件修改。

(1).对象OBJECT

link 网络设备

address 设备上的协议（IP或IPv6）地址

addrlabel 协议地址选择的标签配置

neighbour ARP或NDISC缓存条目

route 路由表条目

rule 路由策略数据库中的规则

maddress 组播地址

mroute 组播路由缓存条目

tunnel IP隧道

xfrm IPSec协议框架

所有对象的名称可以用完整或缩写形式书写，例如address可以缩写成addr或只是a。

(2).选项OPTIONS

(1).对象

link 网络设备

address 设备上的协议（IP或IPv6）地址

addrlabel 协议地址选择的标签配置

neighbour ARP或NDISC缓存条目

route 路由表条目

rule 路由策略数据库中的规则

maddress 组播地址

mroute 组播路由缓存条目

tunnel IP隧道

xfrm IPSec协议框架

所有对象的名称可以用完整或缩写形式书写，例如address可以缩写成addr或只是a。

(2).选项

-V，-Version 显示指令版本信息

-s,-stats,statistics 输出详细信息

-h,-human,-human-readable 输出人类可读的统计信息和后缀

-iec 以IEC标准单位打印人类可读速率（例如1K=1024）

-f,-family <FAMILY> 指定要使用的协议族。协议族标识可以是inet、inet6、ipx、dnet或link之一。如果此选项不存在，则从其他参数中推测协议族。如果命令行的其余部分没有提供足够的信息来推测该族，则ip会退回到默认值，通常是inet或any。link是一个特殊的系列标识符，表示不涉及网络协议。

-4 –family inet的快捷方式

-6 –family inet6的快捷方式

-0 –family link的快捷方式

-o,-oneline 将每条记录输出到一行，用’\’字符替换换行符。

-r,-resolve 使用系统名称解析程序来打印DNS名称而不是主机地址。

(3).实例

注意：以下介绍的ip命令都是临时配置，一但重启就会还原，如"service network restart"

查看所有IP地址

1. ip a/addr/address

[root@oldboy ~]# ip a

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

    inet6 ::1/128 scope host

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

    link/ether 08:00:27:10:a5:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global eth0

    inet 10.0.2.10/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global secondary eth0:0

    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe10:a556/64 scope link

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

    link/ether 08:00:27:4c:6f:ad brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 192.168.0.109/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth3

    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe4c:6fad/64 scope link tentative dadfailed

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@oldboy ~]# ip addr

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

    inet6 ::1/128 scope host

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

    link/ether 08:00:27:10:a5:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global eth0

    inet 10.0.2.10/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global secondary eth0:0

    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe10:a556/64 scope link

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

    link/ether 08:00:27:4c:6f:ad brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 192.168.0.109/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth3

    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe4c:6fad/64 scope link tentative dadfailed

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@oldboy ~]# ip address

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

    inet6 ::1/128 scope host

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

    link/ether 08:00:27:10:a5:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global eth0

    inet 10.0.2.10/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global secondary eth0:0

    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe10:a556/64 scope link

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

    link/ether 08:00:27:4c:6f:ad brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 192.168.0.109/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth3

    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe4c:6fad/64 scope link tentative dadfailed

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

ip a/addr/address

2. ip a/addr/address sh/show

[root@oldboy ~]# ip a sh

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

    inet6 ::1/128 scope host

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

    link/ether 08:00:27:10:a5:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global eth0

    inet 10.0.2.10/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global secondary eth0:0

    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe10:a556/64 scope link

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

    link/ether 08:00:27:4c:6f:ad brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 192.168.0.109/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth3

    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe4c:6fad/64 scope link tentative dadfailed

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@oldboy ~]# ip a show

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

    inet6 ::1/128 scope host

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

    link/ether 08:00:27:10:a5:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global eth0

    inet 10.0.2.10/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global secondary eth0:0

    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe10:a556/64 scope link

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

    link/ether 08:00:27:4c:6f:ad brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 192.168.0.109/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth3

    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe4c:6fad/64 scope link tentative dadfailed

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

ip a sh/show

查看指定IP地址

1. ip a/addr/address sh/show dev eth1

2. ip a/addr/address sh/show eth1

增加或删除IP地址

1. ip a/addr/address add 192.168.78.130/24 dev eth1

2. ip a/addr/address del/delete 192.168.78.130/24 dev eth1

删除eth1所有IP地址

1. ip a flush dev eth1

删除eth1的所有IPv4的IP地址

1. ip -4 a flush dev eth1

查看网络设备信息

1. ip link sh/show/l/list/ls

2. ip link sh/show/l/ls/lsit eth1

3. ip link sh/show/l/ls/list dev eth1

停止与激活网络设备

1. ip link set dev eth1 down

2. ip link set dev eth1 up

查看路由表

1. ip r/ro/route

2. ip r/ro/route sh/show

3. ip r/ro/route sh/show dev eth1

添加或删除路由

1. ip r/ro/route add 192.168.79.0/24 dev eth1

2. ip r/ro/route d/del/delete 192.168.79.0/24

3. ip r/ro/route d/del/delete 192.168.79.0/24 dev eth1

默认路由的删除、添加与修改

1. ip r/ro/route d/del/delete default

2. ip r/ro/route add default via 192.168.78.1

3. ip r/ro/route chg/change default via 192.168.78.2

查看ARP表

1. ip n/neigh/neighbuor sh/show