Docker常用命令，Docker安装Nginx、Redis、Jenkins、tomcat、MySQL

常用命令

拉取镜像：docker pull xxx
启动镜像：docker run --name xxx 8080:8080 -d xxx
查看容器：docker ps xxx
停止容器：docker stop xxx
启动容器：docker start xxx
删除容器：docker rm xxx
删除镜像：docker rmi xxx
进入容器控制台：docker exec -it xxx bash
拷贝容器中文件到宿主机：docker cp xxx:/usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml /usr/local/docker/tomcat/conf
拷贝宿主机文件到容器：docker cp /usr/local/docker/tomcat/conf/server.xml xxx:/usr/local/tomcat/conf
更改docker源：https://cr.console.aliyun.com/undefined/instances/mirrors

一、docker-nginx:

docker pull nginx
docker run --name nginx -p 80:80 -d nginx
mkdir -p /usr/local/docker/nginx/www /usr/local/docker/nginx/conf /usr/local/docker/nginx/logs
docker cp ${container-id}:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf /usr/local/docker/nginx/conf
docker stop nginx
docker rm nginx
docker run -d -p 80:80 --net host --name nginx -v /usr/local/docker/nginx/www:/usr/share/nginx/html -v /usr/local/docker/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf -v /usr/local/docker/nginx/logs:/var/log/nginx nginx

二、docker-redis：

docker pull redis
mkdir -p /usr/local/docker/redis/conf /usr/local/docker/redis/data
docker run -p 6379:6379 --name redis -v /usr/local/docker/redis/conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf -v /usr/local/docker/redis/data:/data -d redis redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf --appendonly yes
docker run -p 6379:6379 --name redis -v /usr/local/redis/etc/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf -d redis redis-server --appendonly yes
# /usr/local/docker/redis/conf挂载到/etc/redis/redis.conf
# /usr/local/docker/redis/data挂载到/data
# --appendonly yes 开启持久化

三、docker-jenkins

1.新建Dockerfile
在/usr/local/docker/jenkins下

touch Dockerfile
vi Dockerfile

2.加入以下内容：

FROM jenkins

USER root
#清除了基础镜像设置的源，切换成腾讯云的jessie源
#使用非腾讯云环境的需要将 tencentyun 改为 aliyun
#RUN echo '' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jessie-backports.list \
# && echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian jessie main contrib non-free" > /etc/apt/sources.list \
# && echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian jessie-updates main contrib non-free" >> /etc/apt/sources.list \
# && echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security jessie/updates main contrib non-free" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
#更新源并安装缺少的包
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y libltdl7 && apt-get update

ARG dockerGid=999

RUN echo "docker:x:${dockerGid}:jenkins" >> /etc/group

# 安装 docker-compose 因为等下构建环境的需要
RUN curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.16.1/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

RUN chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

3.构建

docker build . -t jenkins

4.在启动Jenkins时，需要先创建一个Jenkins的配置目录，并且挂载到docker 里的Jenkins目录下

mkdir -p /var/jenkins_home

5.修改目录权限（很重要！）

chown -R 1000 /var/jenkins_home

6.运行 Jenkins

docker run --name jenkins -p 8080:8080 -p 50000:50000 \
-v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
-v $(which docker):/bin/docker \
-v /var/jenkins_home:/var/jenkins_home \
-d jenkins

7.进入容器

docker exec -it jenkins /bin/bash

8.查看密码

cat /var/jenkins_home/secrets/initialAdminPassword

四、安装tomcat

docker run --name tomcat -p 8079:8079 -v /usr/local/docker/tomcat/webapps:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps -v /usr/local/docker/tomcat/conf/server.xml:/usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml -d tomcat
docker exec -it tomcat bash //进入控制台

五、docker-rabbitmq

docker pull rabbitmq:3.7-management

docker run -d --name rabbitmq -p 5672:5672 -p 15672:15672 -v `pwd`/data:/var/lib/rabbitmq --hostname myRabbit  -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=admin -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=admin rabbitmq:3.7-management
docker run -d --name rabbitmq  -p 5672:5672 -p 15672:15672 --hostname rabbit  -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=root -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=@1234 rabbitmq:3.7-management
#rabbitmq命令
rabbitmqctl list_users
rabbitmqctl add_user username password
rabbitmqctl set_user_tags username administrator（角色分为：none、management、policymaker、monitoring、administrator）
rabbitmqctl change_password userName newPassword
rabbitmqctl delete_user username

六、docker-elasticsearch

docker pull elasticsearch:6.8.0

docker run -d -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms512m -Xmx512m" -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 --name elasticsearch elasticsearch:6.8.0
#安装插件
docker exec -it xxxxx /bin/bash
cd /usr/share/elasticsearch/bin
plugin install mobz/elasticsearch-head

七、docker-mysql

docker pull mysql:5.7

docker run -itd -p 3306:3306 --name mysql -v /e/xxx/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --privileged=true mysql:5.7
# mysql 8.0
docker run -itd -p 3306:3306 --name mysql -v /e/lcmjava/mysql:/etc/mysql -v /e/lcmjava/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql-files -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --privileged=true mysql:8.0
ALTER USER 'root' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';

#docker中 启动所有的容器命令
docker start $(docker ps -a | awk '{ print $1}' | tail -n +2)

#docker中 关闭所有的容器命令
docker stop $(docker ps -a | awk '{ print $1}' | tail -n +2)

docker中 删除所有的容器命令
#docker rm $(docker ps -a | awk '{ print $1}' | tail -n +2)

docker中 删除所有的镜像
docker rmi $(docker images | awk '{print $3}' |tail -n +2)

#tail -n +2 表示从第二行开始读取

来源：

菜鸟教程

https://www.cnblogs.com/stulzq/p/8627360.html