本文演示支持多种输出格式，这里 Spring4 MVC应用程序使用了 Spring ContentNegotiatingViewResolver 。我们将生成应用程序输出XML，JSON，PDF，XLS和HTML格式，全部采用基于注解配置的。

ContentNegotiatingViewResolver是 ViewResolver 使用所请求的媒体类型的一个实现(基于文件类型扩展，输出格式URL参数指定类型或接受报头)来选择一个合适的视图一个请求。ContentNegotiatingViewResolver本身并不解决视图，只不表示为其他的 ViewResolver，您可以配置来处理特定的视图(XML，JSON，PDF，XLS，HTML，..)。

这里需要使用到以下技术：

  • Spring 4.0.6.RELEASE
  • jackson-databind 2.4.1.3
  • jackson-annotations 2.4.1
  • lowagie itext 4.2.1
  • Apache POI 3.10-beta2
  • Maven 3
  • JDK 1.6
  • Tomcat 7.0.54
  • Eclipse JUNO Service Release 2

我们现在就开始！

第1步：创建目录结构
以下将是本实例的最终目录结构：

我们将使用Spring Java配置(注释)。现在，让我们来添加/更新上述项目结构中提到的内容。
第2步：用所需的依赖更新 pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>

<project

	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"

	xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">

	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<groupId>com.yiibai.springmvc</groupId>

	<artifactId>ContentNegotiatingViewResolver</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging>

	<version>1.0.0</version>

	<name>Spring4MVCContentNegotiatingViewResolverExample</name>

	<properties>

		<springframework.version>4.0.6.RELEASE</springframework.version>

	</properties>

	<dependencies>

		<dependency>

			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

			<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>

			<version>${springframework.version}</version>

		</dependency>

		<dependency>

			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

			<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>

			<version>${springframework.version}</version>

		</dependency>

		<dependency>

			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>

			<version>${springframework.version}</version>

		</dependency>

		<!-- Needed for XML View (with JAXB2) -->

		<dependency>

			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

			<artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>

			<version>${springframework.version}</version>

		</dependency>

		<!-- Needed for JSON View -->

		<dependency>

			<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>

			<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>

			<version>2.4.1.3</version>

		</dependency>

		<dependency>

			<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>

			<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>

			<version>2.4.1</version>

		</dependency>

		<!-- Needed for PDF View -->

		<dependency>

			<groupId>com.lowagie</groupId>

			<artifactId>itext</artifactId>

			<version>4.2.1</version>

		</dependency>

		<!-- Needed for XLS View -->

		<dependency>

			<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>

			<artifactId>poi</artifactId>

			<version>3.10-beta2</version>

		</dependency>

		<!-- Servlet dependencies -->

		<dependency>

			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>

			<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>

			<version>3.1.0</version>

		</dependency>

		<dependency>

		    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>

		    <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>

		    <version>1.2</version>

		</dependency>

		<dependency>

			<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>

			<artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>

			<version>2.3.1</version>

		</dependency>

	</dependencies>

	<build>

		<pluginManagement>

			<plugins>

				<plugin>

					<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

					<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>

					<version>2.4</version>

					<configuration>

						<warSourceDirectory>src/main/webapp</warSourceDirectory>

						<warName>ContentNegotiatingViewResolver</warName> <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>

					</configuration>

				</plugin>

			</plugins>

		</pluginManagement>

		<finalName>ContentNegotiatingViewResolver</finalName> </build>

</project>

 

上面解析 PDF 的依赖库有点问题，可修改为以下测试构建就没有问题：

 <dependency>

             <groupId>com.lowagie</groupId>

          <artifactId>itext</artifactId>

          <version>2.1.7</version>

          <scope>compile</scope>

        </dependency>

spring-oxm是为了支持XML输出生成(使用JAXB2)。 jackson-databind &jackson-annotations 提供JSON输出支持。iText的提供PDF生成库，支持PDF输出。 Apache POI将有助于产生XLS输出格式。

第3步：创建Spring配置文件类

com.yiibai.springmvc.configuration.AppConfig

package com.yiibai.springmvc.configuration;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import org.springframework.http.MediaType;

import org.springframework.oxm.jaxb.Jaxb2Marshaller;

import org.springframework.web.accept.ContentNegotiationManager;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ContentNegotiationConfigurer;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.ContentNegotiatingViewResolver;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView;

import com.yiibai.springmvc.model.Pizza;

import com.yiibai.springmvc.viewresolver.ExcelViewResolver;

import com.yiibai.springmvc.viewresolver.JsonViewResolver;

import com.yiibai.springmvc.viewresolver.Jaxb2MarshallingXmlViewResolver;

import com.yiibai.springmvc.viewresolver.PdfViewResolver;

@Configuration

@EnableWebMvc

@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.yiibai.springmvc")

public class AppConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

	/*

	 * Configure ContentNegotiationManager

	 */

	@Override

	public void configureContentNegotiation(ContentNegotiationConfigurer configurer) {

		configurer.ignoreAcceptHeader(true).defaultContentType(

				MediaType.TEXT_HTML);

	}

	/*

	 * Configure ContentNegotiatingViewResolver

	 */

	@Bean

	public ViewResolver contentNegotiatingViewResolver(ContentNegotiationManager manager) {

		ContentNegotiatingViewResolver resolver = new ContentNegotiatingViewResolver();

		resolver.setContentNegotiationManager(manager);

		// Define all possible view resolvers

		List<ViewResolver> resolvers = new ArrayList<ViewResolver>();

		resolvers.add(jaxb2MarshallingXmlViewResolver());

		resolvers.add(jsonViewResolver());

		resolvers.add(jspViewResolver());

		resolvers.add(pdfViewResolver());

		resolvers.add(excelViewResolver());

		resolver.setViewResolvers(resolvers);

		return resolver;

	}

	/*

	 * Configure View resolver to provide XML output Uses JAXB2 marshaller to

	 * marshall/unmarshall POJO's (with JAXB annotations) to XML

	 */

	@Bean

	public ViewResolver jaxb2MarshallingXmlViewResolver() {

		Jaxb2Marshaller marshaller = new Jaxb2Marshaller();

		marshaller.setClassesToBeBound(Pizza.class);

		return new Jaxb2MarshallingXmlViewResolver(marshaller);

	}

	/*

	 * Configure View resolver to provide JSON output using JACKSON library to

	 * convert object in JSON format.

	 */

	@Bean

	public ViewResolver jsonViewResolver() {

		return new JsonViewResolver();

	}

	/*

	 * Configure View resolver to provide PDF output using lowagie pdf library to

	 * generate PDF output for an object content

	 */

	@Bean

	public ViewResolver pdfViewResolver() {

		return new PdfViewResolver();

	}

	/*

	 * Configure View resolver to provide XLS output using Apache POI library to

	 * generate XLS output for an object content

	 */

	@Bean

	public ViewResolver excelViewResolver() {

		return new ExcelViewResolver();

	}

	/*

	 * Configure View resolver to provide HTML output This is the default format

	 * in absence of any type suffix.

	 */

	@Bean

	public ViewResolver jspViewResolver() {

		InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();

		viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);

		viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/");

		viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");

		return viewResolver;

	}

}
让我们来讨论说明上面的类的详细信息：

第一步是建立它用于通过委托给ContentNegotiationManager，以确定所请求的媒体类型的请求是 ContentNegotiationStrategy 列表的一个实例。默认情况下PathExtensionContentNegotiationStrategy被查询(使用URL扩展名，例如. .xls, .pdf,.json.)，接着ParameterContentNegotiationStrategy(使用请求参数 ‘format=xls’，例如)，其次是HeaderContentNegotiationStrategy(使用HTTP接受头)。

	public void configureContentNegotiation(ContentNegotiationConfigurer configurer) {

		configurer.ignoreAcceptHeader(true).defaultContentType(

				MediaType.TEXT_HTML);

	}

 

在我们的例子中，我们将使用URL扩展名来帮助确定媒体类型。此外，我们还设置默认介质类型TEXT_HTML在没有文件扩展名或当文件类型是未知时，这意味着JSP视图解析器将被用于在没有[known] URL扩展中。

下面是 pizza.jsp 默认使用JSP视图解析器内容
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"  pageEncoding="utf-8"%>

<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>

<html>

<head>

	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">

	<title>Pizza JSP View</title>

</head>

<body>

	<table border="1">

		<tr>

		<td>NAME</td>

		<td>Flavor</td>

		<td>Toppings</td>

		</tr>

		<tr>

			<td>${pizza.name}</td>

			<td>${pizza.flavor}</td>

			<td>

				<c:forEach var="item" items="${pizza.toppings}">

					<c:out value="${item}"/>&nbsp;

				</c:forEach>

			</td>

		</tr>

	</table>

</body>

</html>
下一步是配置 ContentNegotaionViewResolver 本身，
	public ViewResolver contentNegotiatingViewResolver(ContentNegotiationManager manager) {

		ContentNegotiatingViewResolver resolver = new ContentNegotiatingViewResolver();

		resolver.setContentNegotiationManager(manager);

		// Define all possible view resolvers

		List<ViewResolver> resolvers = new ArrayList<ViewResolver>();

		resolvers.add(jaxb2MarshallingXmlViewResolver());

		resolvers.add(jsonViewResolver());

		resolvers.add(jspViewResolver());

		resolvers.add(pdfViewResolver());

		resolvers.add(excelViewResolver());

		resolver.setViewResolvers(resolvers);

		return resolver;

	}
我们需要设置 ContentNegotiationManager由Spring 注入，和为每一个应用程序可能会产生输出格式设置不同的解析器，。
最后，我们已经创建了不同的视图解析器以对 XML，JSON，PDF，XLS 和 HTML 输出，我们将在节中讨论。
第4步：创建不同的视图解析器
现在，让我们创建塔实际视图解析器

XML View Resolver:

这个视图解析器依赖于JAXB2编组/解组产生XML输出。domain类需要和JAXB2注释进行注释。

com.yiibai.springmvc.viewresolver.Jaxb2MarshallingXmlViewResolver

package com.yiiibai.springmvc.viewresolver;

import java.util.Locale;

import org.springframework.oxm.Marshaller;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.View;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.xml.MarshallingView;

public class Jaxb2MarshallingXmlViewResolver implements ViewResolver {

	private Marshaller marshaller;

    public Jaxb2MarshallingXmlViewResolver(Marshaller marshaller) {

        this.marshaller = marshaller;

    }

    @Override

    public View resolveViewName(String viewName, Locale locale) throws Exception {

        MarshallingView view = new MarshallingView();

        view.setMarshaller(marshaller);

        return view;

    }

}
下面是域对象(标注了标准的XML注释)在我们的例子：

com.yiibai.springmvc.model.Pizza

package com.yiibai.springmvc.model;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;

import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;

@XmlRootElement(name = "pizza")

public class Pizza {

	private String name;

	private String flavor;

	private List<String> toppings = new ArrayList<String>();

	public Pizza(){

	}

	public Pizza(String name){

		this.name = name;

		this.flavor = "spicy";

		this.toppings.add("Cheese");

		this.toppings.add("bakon");

	}

	@XmlElement

	public void setName(String name) {

		this.name = name;

	}

	public String getName() {

		return name;

	}

	@XmlElement

	public void setFlavor(String flavor) {

		this.flavor = flavor;

	}

	public String getFlavor() {

		return flavor;

	}

	public List<String> getToppings() {

		return toppings;

	}

	@XmlElement

	public void setToppings(List<String> toppings) {

		this.toppings = toppings;

	}

}

JSON View Resolver:

这个视图解析器是使用 Spring MappingJackson2JsonView 为了将 POJO 对象转换成 JSON 视图。

com.yiibai.springmvc.viewresolver.JsonViewResolver

package com.yiibai.springmvc.viewresolver;

import java.util.Locale;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.View;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJackson2JsonView;

public class JsonViewResolver implements ViewResolver{

	@Override

	public View resolveViewName(String viewName, Locale locale) throws Exception {

		MappingJackson2JsonView view = new MappingJackson2JsonView();

        view.setPrettyPrint(true);

        return view;

      }

}

PDF View Resolver:

这个视图解析器使用lowagie iText库实际生成PDF输出。还要注意的是实际的视图，从Spring AbstractPdfView 内部使用 lowagie iText 库扩展。

com.yiibai.springmvc.viewresolver.PdfView

package com.yiibai.springmvc.viewresolver;

import java.awt.Color;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.document.AbstractPdfView;

import com.lowagie.text.Document;

import com.lowagie.text.Element;

import com.lowagie.text.pdf.PdfPTable;

import com.lowagie.text.pdf.PdfWriter;

import com.yiibai.springmvc.model.Pizza;

public class PdfView extends AbstractPdfView {

	@Override

	protected void buildPdfDocument(Map<String, Object> model,

			Document document, PdfWriter writer, HttpServletRequest request,

			HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {

		Pizza pizza = (Pizza) model.get("pizza");

		PdfPTable table = new PdfPTable(3);

		table.getDefaultCell().setHorizontalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_CENTER);

		table.getDefaultCell().setVerticalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_MIDDLE);

		table.getDefaultCell().setBackgroundColor(Color.lightGray);

		table.addCell("Name");

		table.addCell("Flavor");

		table.addCell("Toppings");

		table.addCell(pizza.getName());

		table.addCell(pizza.getFlavor());

		StringBuffer toppings = new StringBuffer("");

		for (String topping : pizza.getToppings()) {

			toppings.append(topping);

			toppings.append(" ");

		}

		table.addCell(toppings.toString());

		document.add(table);

	}

}

com.yiibai.springmvc.viewresolver.PdfViewResolver类代码：

package com.yiibai.springmvc.viewresolver;

import java.util.Locale;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.View;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;

public class PdfViewResolver implements ViewResolver{

	@Override

	public View resolveViewName(String viewName, Locale locale) throws Exception {

		PdfView view = new PdfView();

		return view;

      }

}

XLS View Resolver:

这个视图解析器是使用Apache POI库实际生成 Microsoft XLS输出。还要注意的是实际的视图，从Spring AbstractExcelView 内部使用 Apache POI库扩展。

com.yiibai.springmvc.viewresolver.ExcelView

package com.yiibai.springmvc.viewresolver;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;

import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;

import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellStyle;

import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.IndexedColors;

import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;

import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.document.AbstractExcelView;

import com.yiibai.springmvc.model.Pizza;

public class ExcelView extends AbstractExcelView {

	@Override

	protected void buildExcelDocument(Map<String, Object> model,

			HSSFWorkbook workbook, HttpServletRequest request,

			HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {

		Pizza pizza = (Pizza) model.get("pizza");

		Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("sheet 1");

		CellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();

		style.setFillForegroundColor(IndexedColors.GREY_40_PERCENT.index);

		style.setFillPattern(CellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);

		style.setAlignment(CellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);

		Row row = null;

		Cell cell = null;

		int rowCount = 0;

		int colCount = 0;

		// Create header cells

		row = sheet.createRow(rowCount++);

		cell = row.createCell(colCount++);

		cell.setCellStyle(style);

		cell.setCellValue("Name");

		cell = row.createCell(colCount++);

		cell.setCellStyle(style);

		cell.setCellValue("Flavor");

		cell = row.createCell(colCount++);

		cell.setCellStyle(style);

		cell.setCellValue("Toppings");

		// Create data cells

		row = sheet.createRow(rowCount++);

		colCount = 0;

		row.createCell(colCount++).setCellValue(pizza.getName());

		row.createCell(colCount++).setCellValue(pizza.getFlavor());

		StringBuffer toppings = new StringBuffer("");

		for (String topping : pizza.getToppings()) {

			toppings.append(topping);

			toppings.append(" ");

		}

		row.createCell(colCount++).setCellValue(toppings.toString());

		for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)

			sheet.autoSizeColumn(i, true);

	}

}

com.yiibai.springmvc.viewresolver.ExcelViewResolver

package com.yiibai.springmvc.viewresolver;

import java.util.Locale;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.View;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;

public class ExcelViewResolver implements ViewResolver{

	@Override

	public View resolveViewName(String viewName, Locale locale) throws Exception {

		ExcelView view = new ExcelView();

		return view;

      }

}
这是所有 ContentNegotaingViewResolver 需要的配置。
完成这个例子并让它可以运行，让我们添加缺少 Spring MVC 配置。
第5步：创建控制器类
下面是一个简单的基于REST的控制器作为我们的示例。

com.yiibai.springmvc.controller.AppController

package com.yiibai.springmvc.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import com.yiibai.springmvc.model.Pizza;

@Controller

public class AppController {

	@RequestMapping(value="/pizzavalley/{pizzaName}", method = RequestMethod.GET)

	public String getPizza(@PathVariable String pizzaName, ModelMap model) {

		Pizza pizza = new Pizza(pizzaName);

		model.addAttribute("pizza", pizza);

		return "pizza";

	}

}
第6步：创建初始化类

添加一个初始化类实现WebApplicationInitializer如下图所示(在这种情况下，作为替代在 web.xml 中定义的任何 Spring 配置)。在Servlet 3.0的容器启动时，这个类会被加载并实例及其 onStartup方法将通过servlet容器调用。

com.yiibai.springmvc.configuration.AppInitializer

package com.yiibai.springmvc.configuration;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.ServletRegistration;

import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer;

import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;

public class AppInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {

	public void onStartup(ServletContext container) throws ServletException {

		AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();

		ctx.register(AppConfig.class);

		ctx.setServletContext(container);

		ServletRegistration.Dynamic servlet = container.addServlet(

				"dispatcher", new DispatcherServlet(ctx));

		servlet.setLoadOnStartup(1);

		servlet.addMapping("/");

	}

}

 

更新：请注意，上面的类可以写成更加简洁[和它的首选方式]，通过扩展 AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer 基类，如下所示：

package com.yiibai.springmvc.configuration;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;

public class AppInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {

	@Override

	protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {

		return new Class[] { AppConfig.class };

	}

	@Override

	protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {

		return null;

	}

	@Override

	protected String[] getServletMappings() {

		return new String[] { "/" };

	}

}
第7步：构建和部署应用程序

现在构建 war(通过Eclipse或Maven [ mvn clean install])。部署 war 到Servlet3.0容器。

运行。以下是运行示例触发不同模式输出的快照(注意URL扩展)，访问如下URL：http://localhost:8080/ContentNegotiatingViewResolver/pizzavalley/margherita.xml





到这里，所有教程讲解完毕！

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