Linux_配置认证访问FTP服务

【RHEL8】—FTPserver；【Centos8】—FTPclient

！！！测试环境我们首关闭防火墙和selinux（FTPserver和FTPclient都需要）

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost ~]# reboot　　

一、配置FTP服务端

1、查看一下服务端IP

[root@FTPserver ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:fa:c0:f0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.121.10/24 brd 192.168.121.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::a101:bf00:d10e:9788/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2、安装vsftpd服务

 //首先查看是否安装vsftpd服务
[root@FTPserver ~]# rpm -qa | grep vsftpd

 //安装vsftpd服务
[root@FTPserver ~]# yum install -y vsftpd
............
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                                                                                   1/1
  Installing       : vsftpd-3.0.3-28.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                        1/1
  Running scriptlet: vsftpd-3.0.3-28.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                        1/1
  Verifying        : vsftpd-3.0.3-28.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                        1/1
Installed products updated.
Installed:
  vsftpd-3.0.3-28.el8.x86_64
Complete!

3、启动vsftpd服务

[root@FTPserver ~]# systemctl start vsftpd
[root@FTPserver ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.

 //查看vsftpd状态及端口
[root@FTPserver ~]# systemctl status vsftpd
● vsftpd.service - Vsftpd ftp daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2020-08-23 15:12:55 CST; 31s ago
 Main PID: 14612 (vsftpd)
    Tasks: 1 (limit: 11340)
   Memory: 552.0K
   CGroup: /system.slice/vsftpd.service
           └─14612 /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

Aug 23 15:12:55 FTPserver systemd[1]: Starting Vsftpd ftp daemon...
Aug 23 15:12:55 FTPserver systemd[1]: Started Vsftpd ftp daemon.

[root@FTPserver ~]# ss -antlp
State           Recv-Q           Send-Q                      Local Address:Port                     Peer Address:Port
LISTEN          0                128                               0.0.0.0:22                            0.0.0.0:*              users:(("sshd",pid=1020,fd=4))
LISTEN          0                32                                      *:21                                  *:*              users:(("vsftpd",pid=14612,fd=3))
LISTEN          0                128                                  [::]:22                               [::]:*              users:(("sshd",pid=1020,fd=6))

4、创建可登陆的用户lisi

[root@FTPserver ~]# useradd lisi
[root@FTPserver ~]# echo "123" |passwd --stdin lisi
Changing password for user lisi.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

5、切换至普通用户，创建可上传、可下载的文件

[root@FTPserver ~]# su - lisi
[lisi@FTPserver ~]$ mkdir upload
[lisi@FTPserver ~]$ touch lisifile.txt
[lisi@FTPserver ~]$ echo "this is my ftp file" > lisifile.txt

6、设置文件的权限

[root@FTPserver ~]# chmod u-w /home/lisi/
[root@FTPserver ~]# chmod -R 700 /home/lisi/upload/

7、修改/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf文件

[root@FTPserver ~]# vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
..........
anonymous_enable=NO
local_enable=YES
write_enable=YES
local_umask=022
dirmessage_enable=YES
xferlog_enable=YES
connect_from_port_20=YES
xferlog_std_format=YES
idle_session_timeout=600           //取消改行前面的注释
data_connection_timeout=120          //取消注释
ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.     //取消注释
listen=NO
listen_ipv6=YES
pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES

8、重启vsftpd服务

[root@FTPserver ~]# systemctl restart vsftpd
[root@FTPserver ~]# ss -antpl
State           Recv-Q           Send-Q                      Local Address:Port                     Peer Address:Port
LISTEN          0                128                               0.0.0.0:22                            0.0.0.0:*              users:(("sshd",pid=1020,fd=4))
LISTEN          0                32                                      *:21                                  *:*              users:(("vsftpd",pid=14765,fd=3))
LISTEN          0                128                                  [::]:22                               [::]:*              users:(("sshd",pid=1020,fd=6))

 FTP服务端到这就简单配置完成！

二、FTP客户端配置

1、安装ftp客户端工具

 //首先查看是否安装ftp工具
[root@FTPclient ~]# rpm -qa | grep ftp

 //安装Ftp客户端工具
[root@FTPclient ~]# yum install -y ftp
...........
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                                                                                   1/1
  Installing       : ftp-0.17-78.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                            1/1
  Running scriptlet: ftp-0.17-78.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                            1/1
  Verifying        : ftp-0.17-78.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                            1/1
Installed:
  ftp-0.17-78.el8.x86_64
Complete!

2、客户端连接服务端，进行测试

 //首先准备上传的文件
[root@FTPclient ~]# touch upfile
[root@FTPclient ~]# echo "test file" >upfile 

 //连接服务端
[root@FTPclient ~]# ftp 192.168.121.10
Connected to 192.168.121.10 (192.168.121.10).
220 Welcome to blah FTP service.
Name (192.168.121.10:root): lisi         //输入用户名lisi
331 Please specify the password.
Password:                           //输入密码123(刚刚在服务端创建的)
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> ls            //查看有哪些文件或目录
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,121,10,138,212).
150 Here comes the directory listing.
-rw-rw-r--    1 1000     1000           20 Aug 23 07:19 lisifile.txt
drwx------    2 1000     1000            6 Aug 23 07:19 upload
226 Directory send OK.
ftp> get lisifile.txt                  //下载文件
local: lisifile.txt remote: lisifile.txt
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,121,10,197,120).
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for lisifile.txt (20 bytes).
226 Transfer complete.
20 bytes received in 4.3e-05 secs (465.12 Kbytes/sec)
ftp> put upfile upload/upfile                //上传文件
local: upfile remote: upload/upfile
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,121,10,194,151).
150 Ok to send data.
226 Transfer complete.
10 bytes sent in 0.000177 secs (56.50 Kbytes/sec)
ftp> exit

三、在wendows资源管理器上访问服务端