day15.继承

1、什么是继承

    继承是一种新建子类的方式，新建的类称之为子类/派生类，被继承的称之为父类/基类

 

    子类会遗传父类的属性

 

2、为何要用继承

    类是解决对象之间冗余问题的

    继承可以解决类与类之间的冗余问题

 

3、如何继承

    在python中支持多继承

 

    在python3中如果一个类没有继承任何父类，那么默认继承object类

 

    但凡是继承了object类的子类，以及该子类的子子孙孙类都能用到object内的功能，称之为新式类

    没有继承了object类的子类，以及该子类的子子孙孙类都能用不到object内的功能，称之为经典类

 

    ps：只有在python2中才区分经典类与新式类，python3中都是新式类

 

# class ParentClass1: #定义父类
#     pass
#
# class ParentClass2: #定义父类
#     pass
#
# class SubClass1(ParentClass1): #单继承，基类是ParentClass1，派生类是SubClass
#     pass
#
# class SubClass2(ParentClass1,ParentClass2): #python支持多继承，用逗号分隔开多个继承的类
#     pass

# print(SubClass2.__bases__)
# print(SubClass1.__bases__)
# print(ParentClass2.__bases__)

　

# 在子类派生的新方法中如何重用父类的功能，
# 方式一：指名道姓地访问父类的函数，与继承无关
# 方式二：super(),严格依赖继承

class People:
    school = "SH"

    def __init__(self, name, age, gender):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.gender = gender

class Student(People):
    def __init__(self, name, age, gender, courses=None):
        People.__init__(self, name, age, gender,)
        if courses is None:
            courses = []
        self.courses = courses

    def choose_course(self, course):
        self.courses.append(course)
        print("学生%s 选课成功%s" % (self.name, self.courses))

class Teacher(People):
    def __init__(self, name, age, gender, level):
        People.__init__(self, name, age, gender,)
        self.level = level

    def score(self, stu_obj, num):
        stu_obj.num = num
        print('老师%s 为学生%s 打分%s' % (self.name, stu_obj.name, num))

stu1 = Student('tom',18,'male')
tea1 = Teacher('lili', 28, 'female', 10)

print(stu1.__dict__)
print(tea1.__dict__)
# print(stu1.school)