JSON：JavaScript 对象表示法

JSON：JavaScript 对象表示法（JavaScript Object Notation）。

JSON 是存储和交换文本信息的语法。类似 XML。

JSON 比 XML 更小、更快，更易解析。

/*
* JSON
* - JS中的对象只有JS自己认识，其他的语言都不认识
* - JSON就是一个特殊格式的字符串，这个字符串可以被任意的语言所识别，
* 并且可以转换为任意语言中的对象，JSON在开发中主要用来数据的交互
* - JSON
* - JavaScript Object Notation JS对象表示法
* - JSON和JS对象的格式一样，只不过JSON字符串中的属性名必须加双引号
* 其他的和JS语法一致
* JSON分类：
* 1.对象 {}
* 2.数组 []
*
* JSON中允许的值：
* 1.字符串
* 2.数值
* 3.布尔值
* 4.null
* 5.对象
* 6.数组

//创建一个对象

            var arr = '[1,2,3,"hello",true]';

            var obj2 = '{"arr":[1,2,3]}';

            var arr2 ='[{"name":"孙悟空","age":18,"gender":"男"},{"name":"孙悟空","age":18,"gender":"男"}]';

/*
* 将JSON字符串转换为JS中的对象
* 在JS中，为我们提供了一个工具类，就叫JSON
* 这个对象可以帮助我们将一个JSON转换为JS对象，也可以将一个JS对象转换为JSON
*/

var json = '{"name":"孙悟空","age":18,"gender":"男"}';

/*
* json --> js对象
* JSON.parse()
* - 可以将以JSON字符串转换为js对象
* - 它需要一个JSON字符串作为参数，会将该字符串转换为JS对象并返回
*/

var o = JSON.parse(json);
var o2 = JSON.parse(arr);

var obj3 = {name:"猪八戒" , age:28 , gender:"男"};

/*
* JS对象 ---> JSON
* JSON.stringify()
* - 可以将一个JS对象转换为JSON字符串
* - 需要一个js对象作为参数，会返回一个JSON字符串
*/

/*
* JSON这个对象在IE7及以下的浏览器中不支持，所以在这些浏览器中调用时会报错
*/

可以使用eval（）来解析

*
* eval()
* - 这个函数可以用来执行一段字符串形式的JS代码，并将执行结果返回
* - 如果使用eval()执行的字符串中含有{},它会将{}当成是代码块
* 如果不希望将其当成代码块解析，则需要在字符串前后各加一个()
*
* - eval()这个函数的功能很强大，可以直接执行一个字符串中的js代码，
* 但是在开发中尽量不要使用，首先它的执行性能比较差，然后它还具有安全隐患
*/

var str = '{"name":"孙悟空","age":18,"gender":"男"}';

var str2 = "alert('hello');";
var obj = eval("("+str+")");

如果需要兼容IE7以下，直接引入json文件即可

<!--
如果需要兼容IE7及以下的JSON操作，则可以通过引入一个外部的js文件来处理
-->

json文件的内容如下：

//  json2.js
//  2016-05-01
//  Public Domain.
//  NO WARRANTY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK.
//  See http://www.JSON.org/js.html
//  This code should be minified before deployment.
//  See http://javascript.crockford.com/jsmin.html

//  USE YOUR OWN COPY. IT IS EXTREMELY UNWISE TO LOAD CODE FROM SERVERS YOU DO
//  NOT CONTROL.

//  This file creates a global JSON object containing two methods: stringify
//  and parse. This file is provides the ES5 JSON capability to ES3 systems.
//  If a project might run on IE8 or earlier, then this file should be included.
//  This file does nothing on ES5 systems.

//      JSON.stringify(value, replacer, space)
//          value       any JavaScript value, usually an object or array.
//          replacer    an optional parameter that determines how object
//                      values are stringified for objects. It can be a
//                      function or an array of strings.
//          space       an optional parameter that specifies the indentation
//                      of nested structures. If it is omitted, the text will
//                      be packed without extra whitespace. If it is a number,
//                      it will specify the number of spaces to indent at each
//                      level. If it is a string (such as "\t" or " "),
//                      it contains the characters used to indent at each level.
//          This method produces a JSON text from a JavaScript value.
//          When an object value is found, if the object contains a toJSON
//          method, its toJSON method will be called and the result will be
//          stringified. A toJSON method does not serialize: it returns the
//          value represented by the name/value pair that should be serialized,
//          or undefined if nothing should be serialized. The toJSON method
//          will be passed the key associated with the value, and this will be
//          bound to the value.

//          For example, this would serialize Dates as ISO strings.

//              Date.prototype.toJSON = function (key) {
//                  function f(n) {
//                      // Format integers to have at least two digits.
//                      return (n <)
//                          ? "0" + n
//                          : n;
//                  }
//                  return this.getUTCFullYear()   + "-" +
//                       f(this.getUTCMonth() + 1) + "-" +
//                       f(this.getUTCDate())      + "T" +
//                       f(this.getUTCHours())     + ":" +
//                       f(this.getUTCMinutes())   + ":" +
//                       f(this.getUTCSeconds())   + "Z";
//              };

//          You can provide an optional replacer method. It will be passed the
//          key and value of each member, with this bound to the containing
//          object. The value that is returned from your method will be
//          serialized. If your method returns undefined, then the member will
//          be excluded from the serialization.

//          If the replacer parameter is an array of strings, then it will be
//          used to select the members to be serialized. It filters the results
//          such that only members with keys listed in the replacer array are
//          stringified.

//          Values that do not have JSON representations, such as undefined or
//          functions, will not be serialized. Such values in objects will be
//          dropped; in arrays they will be replaced with null. You can use
//          a replacer function to replace those with JSON values.

//          JSON.stringify(undefined) returns undefined.

//          The optional space parameter produces a stringification of the
//          value that is filled with line breaks and indentation to make it
//          easier to read.

//          If the space parameter is a non-empty string, then that string will
//          be used for indentation. If the space parameter is a number, then
//          the indentation will be that many spaces.

//          Example:

//          text = JSON.stringify(["e", {pluribus: "unum"}]);
//          // text is '["e",{"pluribus":"unum"}]'

//          text = JSON.stringify(["e", {pluribus: "unum"}], null, "\t");
//          // text is '[\n\t"e",\n\t{\n\t\t"pluribus": "unum"\n\t}\n]'

//          text = JSON.stringify([new Date()], function (key, value) {
//              return this[key] instanceof Date
//                  ? "Date(" + this[key] + ")"
//                  : value;
//          });
//          // text is '["Date(---current time---)"]'

//      JSON.parse(text, reviver)
//          This method parses a JSON text to produce an object or array.
//          It can throw a SyntaxError exception.

//          The optional reviver parameter is a function that can filter and
//          transform the results. It receives each of the keys and values,
//          and its return value is used instead of the original value.
//          If it returns what it received, then the structure is not modified.
//          If it returns undefined then the member is deleted.

//          Example:

//          // Parse the text. Values that look like ISO date strings will
//          // be converted to Date objects.

//          myData = JSON.parse(text, function (key, value) {
//              var a;
//              if (typeof value === "string") {
//                  a =
//   /^(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})T(\d{2}):(\d{2}):(\d{2}(?:\.\d*)?)Z$/.exec(value);
//                  if (a) {
//                      return new Date(Date.UTC(+a[1], +a[2] - 1, +a[3], +a[4],
//                          +a[5], +a[6]));
//                  }
//              }
//              return value;
//          });

//          myData = JSON.parse('["Date(09/09/2001)"]', function (key, value) {
//              var d;
//              if (typeof value === "string" &&
//                      value.slice(0, 5) === "Date(" &&
//                      value.slice(-1) === ")") {
//                  d = new Date(value.slice(5, -1));
//                  if (d) {
//                      return d;
//                  }
//              }
//              return value;
//          });

//  This is a reference implementation. You are free to copy, modify, or
//  redistribute.

/*jslint
    eval, for, this
*/

/*property
    JSON, apply, call, charCodeAt, getUTCDate, getUTCFullYear, getUTCHours,
    getUTCMinutes, getUTCMonth, getUTCSeconds, hasOwnProperty, join,
    lastIndex, length, parse, prototype, push, replace, slice, stringify,
    test, toJSON, toString, valueOf
*/

// Create a JSON object only if one does not already exist. We create the
// methods in a closure to avoid creating global variables.

if (typeof JSON !== "object") {
    JSON = {};
}

(function () {
    "use strict";

    var rx_one = /^[\],:{}\s]*$/;
    var rx_two = /\\(?:["\\\/bfnrt]|u[0-9a-fA-F]{4})/g;
    var rx_three = /"[^"\\\n\r]*"|true|false|null|-?\d+(?:\.\d*)?(?:[eE][+\-]?\d+)?/g;
    var rx_four = /(?:^|:|,)(?:\s*\[)+/g;
    var rx_escapable = /[\\\"\u0000-\u001f\u007f-\u009f\u00ad\u0600-\u0604\u070f\u17b4\u17b5\u200c-\u200f\u2028-\u202f\u2060-\u206f\ufeff\ufff0-\uffff]/g;
    var rx_dangerous = /[\u0000\u00ad\u0600-\u0604\u070f\u17b4\u17b5\u200c-\u200f\u2028-\u202f\u2060-\u206f\ufeff\ufff0-\uffff]/g;

    function f(n) {
        // Format integers to have at least two digits.
        return n < 10
            ? "0" + n
            : n;
    }

    function this_value() {
        return this.valueOf();
    }

    if (typeof Date.prototype.toJSON !== "function") {

        Date.prototype.toJSON = function () {

            return isFinite(this.valueOf())
                ? this.getUTCFullYear() + "-" +
                        f(this.getUTCMonth() + 1) + "-" +
                        f(this.getUTCDate()) + "T" +
                        f(this.getUTCHours()) + ":" +
                        f(this.getUTCMinutes()) + ":" +
                        f(this.getUTCSeconds()) + "Z"
                : null;
        };

        Boolean.prototype.toJSON = this_value;
        Number.prototype.toJSON = this_value;
        String.prototype.toJSON = this_value;
    }

    var gap;
    var indent;
    var meta;
    var rep;

    function quote(string) {

// If the string contains no control characters, no quote characters, and no
// backslash characters, then we can safely slap some quotes around it.
// Otherwise we must also replace the offending characters with safe escape
// sequences.

        rx_escapable.lastIndex = 0;
        return rx_escapable.test(string)
            ? "\"" + string.replace(rx_escapable, function (a) {
                var c = meta[a];
                return typeof c === "string"
                    ? c
                    : "\\u" + ("0000" + a.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-4);
            }) + "\""
            : "\"" + string + "\"";
    }

    function str(key, holder) {

// Produce a string from holder[key].

        var i;          // The loop counter.
        var k;          // The member key.
        var v;          // The member value.
        var length;
        var mind = gap;
        var partial;
        var value = holder[key];

// If the value has a toJSON method, call it to obtain a replacement value.

        if (value && typeof value === "object" &&
                typeof value.toJSON === "function") {
            value = value.toJSON(key);
        }

// If we were called with a replacer function, then call the replacer to
// obtain a replacement value.

        if (typeof rep === "function") {
            value = rep.call(holder, key, value);
        }

// What happens next depends on the value's type.

        switch (typeof value) {
        case "string":
            return quote(value);

        case "number":

// JSON numbers must be finite. Encode non-finite numbers as null.

            return isFinite(value)
                ? String(value)
                : "null";

        case "boolean":
        case "null":

// If the value is a boolean or null, convert it to a string. Note:
// typeof null does not produce "null". The case is included here in
// the remote chance that this gets fixed someday.

            return String(value);

// If the type is "object", we might be dealing with an object or an array or
// null.

        case "object":

// Due to a specification blunder in ECMAScript, typeof null is "object",
// so watch out for that case.

            if (!value) {
                return "null";
            }

// Make an array to hold the partial results of stringifying this object value.

            gap += indent;
            partial = [];

// Is the value an array?

            if (Object.prototype.toString.apply(value) === "[object Array]") {

// The value is an array. Stringify every element. Use null as a placeholder
// for non-JSON values.

                length = value.length;
                for (i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {
                    partial[i] = str(i, value) || "null";
                }

// Join all of the elements together, separated with commas, and wrap them in
// brackets.

                v = partial.length === 0
                    ? "[]"
                    : gap
                        ? "[\n" + gap + partial.join(",\n" + gap) + "\n" + mind + "]"
                        : "[" + partial.join(",") + "]";
                gap = mind;
                return v;
            }

// If the replacer is an array, use it to select the members to be stringified.

            if (rep && typeof rep === "object") {
                length = rep.length;
                for (i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {
                    if (typeof rep[i] === "string") {
                        k = rep[i];
                        v = str(k, value);
                        if (v) {
                            partial.push(quote(k) + (
                                gap
                                    ? ": "
                                    : ":"
                            ) + v);
                        }
                    }
                }
            } else {

// Otherwise, iterate through all of the keys in the object.

                for (k in value) {
                    if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(value, k)) {
                        v = str(k, value);
                        if (v) {
                            partial.push(quote(k) + (
                                gap
                                    ? ": "
                                    : ":"
                            ) + v);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

// Join all of the member texts together, separated with commas,
// and wrap them in braces.

            v = partial.length === 0
                ? "{}"
                : gap
                    ? "{\n" + gap + partial.join(",\n" + gap) + "\n" + mind + "}"
                    : "{" + partial.join(",") + "}";
            gap = mind;
            return v;
        }
    }

// If the JSON object does not yet have a stringify method, give it one.

    if (typeof JSON.stringify !== "function") {
        meta = {    // table of character substitutions
            "\b": "\\b",
            "\t": "\\t",
            "\n": "\\n",
            "\f": "\\f",
            "\r": "\\r",
            "\"": "\\\"",
            "\\": "\\\\"
        };
        JSON.stringify = function (value, replacer, space) {

// The stringify method takes a value and an optional replacer, and an optional
// space parameter, and returns a JSON text. The replacer can be a function
// that can replace values, or an array of strings that will select the keys.
// A default replacer method can be provided. Use of the space parameter can
// produce text that is more easily readable.

            var i;
            gap = "";
            indent = "";

// If the space parameter is a number, make an indent string containing that
// many spaces.

            if (typeof space === "number") {
                for (i = 0; i < space; i += 1) {
                    indent += " ";
                }

// If the space parameter is a string, it will be used as the indent string.

            } else if (typeof space === "string") {
                indent = space;
            }

// If there is a replacer, it must be a function or an array.
// Otherwise, throw an error.

            rep = replacer;
            if (replacer && typeof replacer !== "function" &&
                    (typeof replacer !== "object" ||
                    typeof replacer.length !== "number")) {
                throw new Error("JSON.stringify");
            }

// Make a fake root object containing our value under the key of "".
// Return the result of stringifying the value.

            return str("", {"": value});
        };
    }

// If the JSON object does not yet have a parse method, give it one.

    if (typeof JSON.parse !== "function") {
        JSON.parse = function (text, reviver) {

// The parse method takes a text and an optional reviver function, and returns
// a JavaScript value if the text is a valid JSON text.

            var j;

            function walk(holder, key) {

// The walk method is used to recursively walk the resulting structure so
// that modifications can be made.

                var k;
                var v;
                var value = holder[key];
                if (value && typeof value === "object") {
                    for (k in value) {
                        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(value, k)) {
                            v = walk(value, k);
                            if (v !== undefined) {
                                value[k] = v;
                            } else {
                                delete value[k];
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                return reviver.call(holder, key, value);
            }

// Parsing happens in four stages. In the first stage, we replace certain
// Unicode characters with escape sequences. JavaScript handles many characters
// incorrectly, either silently deleting them, or treating them as line endings.

            text = String(text);
            rx_dangerous.lastIndex = 0;
            if (rx_dangerous.test(text)) {
                text = text.replace(rx_dangerous, function (a) {
                    return "\\u" +
                            ("0000" + a.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-4);
                });
            }

// In the second stage, we run the text against regular expressions that look
// for non-JSON patterns. We are especially concerned with "()" and "new"
// because they can cause invocation, and "=" because it can cause mutation.
// But just to be safe, we want to reject all unexpected forms.

// We split the second stage into 4 regexp operations in order to work around
// crippling inefficiencies in IE's and Safari's regexp engines. First we
// replace the JSON backslash pairs with "@" (a non-JSON character). Second, we
// replace all simple value tokens with "]" characters. Third, we delete all
// open brackets that follow a colon or comma or that begin the text. Finally,
// we look to see that the remaining characters are only whitespace or "]" or
// "," or ":" or "{" or "}". If that is so, then the text is safe for eval.

            if (
                rx_one.test(
                    text
                        .replace(rx_two, "@")
                        .replace(rx_three, "]")
                        .replace(rx_four, "")
                )
            ) {

// In the third stage we use the eval function to compile the text into a
// JavaScript structure. The "{" operator is subject to a syntactic ambiguity
// in JavaScript: it can begin a block or an object literal. We wrap the text
// in parens to eliminate the ambiguity.

                j = eval("(" + text + ")");

// In the optional fourth stage, we recursively walk the new structure, passing
// each name/value pair to a reviver function for possible transformation.

                return (typeof reviver === "function")
                    ? walk({"": j}, "")
                    : j;
            }

// If the text is not JSON parseable, then a SyntaxError is thrown.

            throw new SyntaxError("JSON.parse");
        };
    }
}());

好啦，js基础暂时告一段落了，到时候再回来复习，下一阶段进入jQuery的学习了。期待更快的掌握知识，一起进步。