python multiprocessing.Pool 中map、map_async、apply、apply_async的区别

　　multiprocessing是python的多进程库，multiprocessing.dummy则是多线程的版本，使用都一样。

　　其中都有pool池的概念，进程池/线程池有共同的方法，其中方法对比如下 ：

There are four choices to mapping jobs to process. Here are the differences:

             Multi-args   Concurrence    Blocking     Ordered-results
map          no           yes            yes          yes
apply        yes          no             yes          no
map_async    no           yes            no           yes
apply_async  yes          yes            no           no

In Python 3, a new function starmap can accept multiple arguments.

Note that map and map_async are called for a list of jobs in one time, but apply and apply_async  can only called for one job. However, apply_async execute a job in background therefore in parallel. See examples:

# map
results = pool.map(worker, [1, 2, 3])

# apply
for x, y in [[1, 1], [2, 2]]:
    results.append(pool.apply(worker, (x, y)))

def collect_result(result):
    results.append(result)

# map_async
pool.map_async(worker, jobs, callback=collect_result)

# apply_async
for x, y in [[1, 1], [2, 2]]:
    pool.apply_async(worker, (x, y), callback=collect_result)

原文地址： http://blog.shenwei.me/python-multiprocessing-pool-difference-between-map-apply-map_async-apply_async/