算法题丨4Sum
描述
Given an array S of n integers, are there elements a, b, c, and d in S such that a + b + c + d = target?
Find all unique quadruplets in the array which gives the sum of target.
Note: The solution set must not contain duplicate quadruplets.
示例
Given array S = [1, 0, -1, 0, -2, 2], and target = 0.
A solution set is:
[
[-1, 0, 0, 1],
[-2, -1, 1, 2],
[-2, 0, 0, 2]
]
算法分析
难度:中
分析:给定整型数组和指定一个整型目标值,从整形数组中找出4个不同的元素,使得4个元素之和等于目标值,返回结果为所有满足上述条件的元素组合。
思路:思路可以参考3Sum,主要难度是由原先的找3个元素之和,变成了找4个元素之和。这种情况下,其实有点像解魔方:玩五阶魔方就是从五阶降到四阶,然后再从四阶降到三阶,最后再按照玩三阶魔方的方法解决问题。
最终的解法,其实就是在3阶解法的基础上,在外层再套一层4阶的循环,并做一些基础的判断,复杂度也是在3阶n²基础上*n=n³,当然,这种算法也可推广到n阶。
代码示例(C#)
public IList<IList<int>> FourSum(int[] nums, int target)
{
List<IList<int>> res = new List<IList<int>>();
if (nums.Length < 4) return res;
//排序
Array.Sort(nums);
//4阶判断
for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length - 3; i++)
{
//如果最近4个元素之和都大于目标值,因为数组是排序的,后续只可能更大,所以跳出循环
if (nums[i] + nums[i + 1] + nums[i + 2] + nums[i + 3] > target) break;
//当前元素和最后3个元素之和小于目标值即本轮最大值都小于目标值,则本轮不满足条件,跳过本轮
if (nums[i] + nums[nums.Length - 1] + nums[nums.Length - 2] + nums[nums.Length - 3] < target)
continue;
//防止重复组合
if (i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i - 1]) continue;
//3阶判断
for (int j = i + 1; j < nums.Length - 2; j++)
{
//原理同4阶判断
if (nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[j + 1] + nums[j + 2] > target) break;
if (nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[nums.Length - 1] + nums[nums.Length - 2] < target)
continue;
int lo = j + 1, hi = nums.Length - 1;
while (lo < hi)
{
//已知元素 nums[i],nums[j],剩下2个元素做夹逼
int sum = nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[lo] + nums[hi];
if (sum == target)
{
res.Add(new List<int> { nums[i], nums[j], nums[lo], nums[hi] });
while (lo < hi && nums[lo] == nums[lo + 1]) lo++;
while (lo < hi && nums[hi] == nums[hi - 1]) hi--;
lo++;
hi--;
}
//两边夹逼
else if (sum < target) lo++;
else hi--;
}
}
}
return res;
}
复杂度
- 时间复杂度:O (n³).
- 空间复杂度:O (1).
附录
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