如何通过DataGridView 实现单元格合并和二维表头

先看下实现出来的效果（这里随便写了几组数据，用来测试）

先初始一个DataGridView 设置哪几列

DataGridView 里男女这两列的 AutoSizeMode 可以设置Fill。

 　　　public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            this.CancelButton = this.button1;
            DataTable dt = new DataTable();
            dt.Columns.Add("1");
            dt.Columns.Add("2");
            dt.Columns.Add("3");
            dt.Columns.Add("4");
            dt.Rows.Add("中国", "上海", "5000", "7000");
            dt.Rows.Add("中国", "北京", "3000", "5600");
            dt.Rows.Add("美国", "纽约", "6000", "8600");
            this.rowMergeView1.DataSource = dt;
            this.rowMergeView1.ColumnHeadersHeight = 40;
            this.rowMergeView1.ColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode = DataGridViewColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode.DisableResizing;
            this.rowMergeView1.MergeColumnNames.Add("Column1");
            this.rowMergeView1.MergeColumnNames.Add("Column2");
            this.rowMergeView1.AddSpanHeader(2, 2, "男女数据");
        }　　　　

手动添加了一些数据填充到DataGridView里，创建一个新的类 RowMergeView 并且继承 DataGridView；通过这个类对DataGridView 进行重绘

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Design;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Collections;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

    /// <summary>
    /// DataGridView行合并.请对属性MergeColumnNames 赋值既可
    /// </summary>
    public partial class RowMergeView : DataGridView
    {
        #region 构造函数
        public RowMergeView()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
        #endregion
        #region 重写的事件
        protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs pe)
        {
            // TODO: 在此处添加自定义绘制代码

            // 调用基类 OnPaint
            base.OnPaint(pe);
        }
        protected override void OnCellPainting(DataGridViewCellPaintingEventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                if (e.RowIndex > -1 && e.ColumnIndex > -1)
                {
                    DrawCell(e);
                }
                else
                {
                    //二维表头
                    if (e.RowIndex == -1)
                    {
                        if (SpanRows.ContainsKey(e.ColumnIndex)) //被合并的列
                        {
                            //画边框
                            Graphics g = e.Graphics;
                            e.Paint(e.CellBounds, DataGridViewPaintParts.Background | DataGridViewPaintParts.Border);

                            int left = e.CellBounds.Left, top = e.CellBounds.Top + 2,
                            right = e.CellBounds.Right, bottom = e.CellBounds.Bottom;

                            switch (SpanRows[e.ColumnIndex].Position)
                            {
                                case 1:
                                    left += 2;
                                    break;
                                case 2:
                                    break;
                                case 3:
                                    right -= 2;
                                    break;
                            }

                            //画上半部分底色
                            g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(this._mergecolumnheaderbackcolor), left, top,
                            right - left, (bottom - top) / 2);

                            //画中线
                            g.DrawLine(new Pen(this.GridColor), left, (top + bottom) / 2,
                            right, (top + bottom) / 2);

                            //写小标题
                            StringFormat sf = new StringFormat();
                            sf.Alignment = StringAlignment.Center;
                            sf.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center;

                            g.DrawString(e.Value + "", e.CellStyle.Font, Brushes.Black,
                            new Rectangle(left, (top + bottom) / 2, right - left, (bottom - top) / 2), sf);
                            left = this.GetColumnDisplayRectangle(SpanRows[e.ColumnIndex].Left, true).Left - 2;

                            if (left < 0) left = this.GetCellDisplayRectangle(-1, -1, true).Width;
                            right = this.GetColumnDisplayRectangle(SpanRows[e.ColumnIndex].Right, true).Right - 2;
                            if (right < 0) right = this.Width;

                            g.DrawString(SpanRows[e.ColumnIndex].Text, e.CellStyle.Font, Brushes.Black,
                            new Rectangle(left, top, right - left, (bottom - top) / 2), sf);
                            e.Handled = true;
                        }
                    }
                }
                base.OnCellPainting(e);
            }
            catch
            { }
        }
        protected override void OnCellClick(DataGridViewCellEventArgs e)
        {
            base.OnCellClick(e);
        }
        #endregion
        #region 自定义方法
        /// <summary>
        /// 画单元格
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void DrawCell(DataGridViewCellPaintingEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.CellStyle.Alignment == DataGridViewContentAlignment.NotSet)
            {
                e.CellStyle.Alignment = DataGridViewContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;
            }
            Brush gridBrush = new SolidBrush(this.GridColor);
            SolidBrush backBrush = new SolidBrush(e.CellStyle.BackColor);
            SolidBrush fontBrush = new SolidBrush(e.CellStyle.ForeColor);
            int cellwidth;
            //上面相同的行数
            int UpRows = 0;
            //下面相同的行数
            int DownRows = 0;
            //总行数
            int count = 0;
            if (this.MergeColumnNames.Contains(this.Columns[e.ColumnIndex].Name) && e.RowIndex != -1)
            {
                cellwidth = e.CellBounds.Width;
                Pen gridLinePen = new Pen(gridBrush);
                string curValue = e.Value == null ? "" : e.Value.ToString().Trim();
                string curSelected = this.CurrentRow.Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Value == null ? "" : this.CurrentRow.Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Value.ToString().Trim();
                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(curValue))
                {
                    #region 获取下面的行数
                    for (int i = e.RowIndex; i < this.Rows.Count; i++)
                    {
                        if (this.Rows[i].Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Value.ToString().Equals(curValue))
                        {
                            //this.Rows[i].Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Selected = this.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Selected;

                            DownRows++;
                            if (e.RowIndex != i)
                            {
                                cellwidth = cellwidth < this.Rows[i].Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Size.Width ? cellwidth : this.Rows[i].Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Size.Width;
                            }
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    #endregion
                    #region 获取上面的行数
                    for (int i = e.RowIndex; i >= 0; i--)
                    {
                        if (this.Rows[i].Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Value.ToString().Equals(curValue))
                        {
                            //this.Rows[i].Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Selected = this.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Selected;
                            UpRows++;
                            if (e.RowIndex != i)
                            {
                                cellwidth = cellwidth < this.Rows[i].Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Size.Width ? cellwidth : this.Rows[i].Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Size.Width;
                            }
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    #endregion
                    count = DownRows + UpRows - 1;
                    if (count < 2)
                    {
                        return;
                    }
                }
                if (this.Rows[e.RowIndex].Selected)
                {
                    backBrush.Color = e.CellStyle.SelectionBackColor;
                    fontBrush.Color = e.CellStyle.SelectionForeColor;
                }
                //以背景色填充
                e.Graphics.FillRectangle(backBrush, e.CellBounds);
                //画字符串
                PaintingFont(e, cellwidth, UpRows, DownRows, count);
                if (DownRows == 1)
                {
                    e.Graphics.DrawLine(gridLinePen, e.CellBounds.Left, e.CellBounds.Bottom - 1, e.CellBounds.Right - 1, e.CellBounds.Bottom - 1);
                    count = 0;
                }
                // 画右边线
                e.Graphics.DrawLine(gridLinePen, e.CellBounds.Right - 1, e.CellBounds.Top, e.CellBounds.Right - 1, e.CellBounds.Bottom);

                e.Handled = true;
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 画字符串
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        /// <param name="cellwidth"></param>
        /// <param name="UpRows"></param>
        /// <param name="DownRows"></param>
        /// <param name="count"></param>
        private void PaintingFont(System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewCellPaintingEventArgs e, int cellwidth, int UpRows, int DownRows, int count)
        {
            SolidBrush fontBrush = new SolidBrush(e.CellStyle.ForeColor);
            int fontheight = (int)e.Graphics.MeasureString(e.Value.ToString(), e.CellStyle.Font).Height;
            int fontwidth = (int)e.Graphics.MeasureString(e.Value.ToString(), e.CellStyle.Font).Width;
            int cellheight = e.CellBounds.Height;

            if (e.CellStyle.Alignment == DataGridViewContentAlignment.BottomCenter)
            {
                e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font, fontBrush, e.CellBounds.X + (cellwidth - fontwidth) / 2, e.CellBounds.Y + cellheight * DownRows - fontheight);
            }
            else if (e.CellStyle.Alignment == DataGridViewContentAlignment.BottomLeft)
            {
                e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font, fontBrush, e.CellBounds.X, e.CellBounds.Y + cellheight * DownRows - fontheight);
            }
            else if (e.CellStyle.Alignment == DataGridViewContentAlignment.BottomRight)
            {
                e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font, fontBrush, e.CellBounds.X + cellwidth - fontwidth, e.CellBounds.Y + cellheight * DownRows - fontheight);
            }
            else if (e.CellStyle.Alignment == DataGridViewContentAlignment.MiddleCenter)
            {
                e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font, fontBrush, e.CellBounds.X + (cellwidth - fontwidth) / 2, e.CellBounds.Y - cellheight * (UpRows - 1) + (cellheight * count - fontheight) / 2);
            }
            else if (e.CellStyle.Alignment == DataGridViewContentAlignment.MiddleLeft)
            {
                e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font, fontBrush, e.CellBounds.X, e.CellBounds.Y - cellheight * (UpRows - 1) + (cellheight * count - fontheight) / 2);
            }
            else if (e.CellStyle.Alignment == DataGridViewContentAlignment.MiddleRight)
            {
                e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font, fontBrush, e.CellBounds.X + cellwidth - fontwidth, e.CellBounds.Y - cellheight * (UpRows - 1) + (cellheight * count - fontheight) / 2);
            }
            else if (e.CellStyle.Alignment == DataGridViewContentAlignment.TopCenter)
            {
                e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font, fontBrush, e.CellBounds.X + (cellwidth - fontwidth) / 2, e.CellBounds.Y - cellheight * (UpRows - 1));
            }
            else if (e.CellStyle.Alignment == DataGridViewContentAlignment.TopLeft)
            {
                e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font, fontBrush, e.CellBounds.X, e.CellBounds.Y - cellheight * (UpRows - 1));
            }
            else if (e.CellStyle.Alignment == DataGridViewContentAlignment.TopRight)
            {
                e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font, fontBrush, e.CellBounds.X + cellwidth - fontwidth, e.CellBounds.Y - cellheight * (UpRows - 1));
            }
            else
            {
                e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font, fontBrush, e.CellBounds.X + (cellwidth - fontwidth) / 2, e.CellBounds.Y - cellheight * (UpRows - 1) + (cellheight * count - fontheight) / 2);
            }
        }
        #endregion
        #region 属性
        /// <summary>
        /// 设置或获取合并列的集合
        /// </summary>
        [MergableProperty(false)]
        [Editor("System.Windows.Forms.Design.ListControlStringCollectionEditor, System.Design, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a", typeof(UITypeEditor))]
        [DesignerSerializationVisibility(System.ComponentModel.DesignerSerializationVisibility.Visible)]
        [Localizable(true)]
        [Description("设置或获取合并列的集合"), Browsable(true), Category("单元格合并")]
        public List<string> MergeColumnNames
        {
            get
            {
                return _mergecolumnname;
            }
            set
            {
                _mergecolumnname = value;
            }
        }
        private List<string> _mergecolumnname = new List<string>();
        #endregion
        #region 二维表头
        private struct SpanInfo //表头信息
        {
            public SpanInfo(string Text, int Position, int Left, int Right)
            {
                this.Text = Text;
                this.Position = Position;
                this.Left = Left;
                this.Right = Right;
            }

            public string Text; //列主标题
            public int Position; //位置，1:左，2中，3右
            public int Left; //对应左行
            public int Right; //对应右行
        }
        private Dictionary<int, SpanInfo> SpanRows = new Dictionary<int, SpanInfo>();//需要2维表头的列
        /// <summary>
        /// 合并列
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ColIndex">列的索引</param>
        /// <param name="ColCount">需要合并的列数</param>
        /// <param name="Text">合并列后的文本</param>
        public void AddSpanHeader(int ColIndex, int ColCount, string Text)
        {
            if (ColCount < 2)
            {
                throw new Exception("行宽应大于等于2，合并1列无意义。");
            }
            //将这些列加入列表
            int Right = ColIndex + ColCount - 1; //同一大标题下的最后一列的索引
            SpanRows[ColIndex] = new SpanInfo(Text, 1, ColIndex, Right); //添加标题下的最左列
            SpanRows[Right] = new SpanInfo(Text, 3, ColIndex, Right); //添加该标题下的最右列
            for (int i = ColIndex + 1; i < Right; i++) //中间的列
            {
                SpanRows[i] = new SpanInfo(Text, 2, ColIndex, Right);
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 清除合并的列
        /// </summary>
        public void ClearSpanInfo()
        {
            SpanRows.Clear();
            //ReDrawHead();
        }
        private void DataGridViewEx_Scroll(object sender, ScrollEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.ScrollOrientation == ScrollOrientation.HorizontalScroll)// && e.Type == ScrollEventType.EndScroll)
            {
                timer1.Enabled = false; timer1.Enabled = true;
            }
        }
        //刷新显示表头
        public void ReDrawHead()
        {
            foreach (int si in SpanRows.Keys)
            {
                this.Invalidate(this.GetCellDisplayRectangle(si, -1, true));
            }
        }
        private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            timer1.Enabled = false;
            ReDrawHead();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 二维表头的背景颜色
        /// </summary>
        [Description("二维表头的背景颜色"), Browsable(true), Category("二维表头")]
        public Color MergeColumnHeaderBackColor
        {
            get { return this._mergecolumnheaderbackcolor; }
            set { this._mergecolumnheaderbackcolor = value; }
        }
        private Color _mergecolumnheaderbackcolor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.Control;
        #endregion
    }

　　然后在前台code里直接调用这个类里面的方法。