odoo订餐系统之订单设计

订餐系统的主要功能便是用户下单部分，这里我们分为表头mylunch_order和表体mylunch_order_line两张主要的数据表,表头主要记录订单的一些通用信息，比如下单的操作人员 下单日期 订单状态 以及订单的总价；表体主要记录订餐人，订餐的供应商，餐名，单价等具体的信息。

class MyLunchOrder(osv.Model):

    _name = "mylunch.order"
    _description = "MyLunch Order"

    def name_get(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
        if not ids:
            return []
        res = []
        for elmt in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
            name = _("MyLunch Order")
            name = name + ' ' + str(elmt.id)
            res.append((elmt.id, name))

        return res

    def _alerts_get(self, cr, uid, ids, name, arg, context=None):
        result = {}
        alert_msg = self._default_alerts_get(cr, uid, context=context)
        for order in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
            if order.state == 'new':
                result[order.id] = alert_msg
        return result

    def _default_alerts_get(self, cr, uid, context=None):
        alert_ref = self.pool.get('mylunch.alert')
        alert_ids = alert_ref.search(cr, uid, [], context=context)
        alert_msg = []

        for alert in alert_ref.browse(cr, uid, alert_ids, context=context):
            alert_msg.append(alert.message)

        return '\n'.join(alert_msg)

    def _fetch_orders_from_lines(self, cr, uid, ids, name, context=None):
        result = set()
        for order_line in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
            if order_line.order_id:
                result.add(order_line.order_id.id)
        return list(result)

    def _price_get(self, cr, uid, ids, name, arg, context=None):
        result = dict.fromkeys(ids, 0)
        for order in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
            result[order.id] = sum(order_line.product_id.price
                                   for order_line in order.order_line_ids)
        return result

    _columns = {
        'user_id': fields.many2one('res.users', 'Use Name', required=True, readonly=True, states={'new':[('readonly',False)]}),
        'date': fields.date('Date', required=True, readonly=True, states={'new':[('readonly',False)]}),
        'state': fields.selection([('new', 'New'),\
                                   ('confirmed', 'Confirmed'),\
                                   ('cancelled', 'Cancelled'),\
                                   ('partially', 'Partially Confirmed')],\
                                  'Status', readonly=True, select=True, copy=False),
        'alerts': fields.function(_alerts_get, string='Alerts', type='text'),
        'order_line_ids': fields.one2many('mylunch.order.line', 'order_id', 'Products',
                                          ondelete='cascade', readonly=True, states={'new': [('readonly', False)]}, copy=True),
        'total': fields.function(_price_get, string='Total', store={
            'mylunch.order.line': (_fetch_orders_from_lines, ['product_id', 'order_id'], 20)
        }),
    }

    _defaults = {
        'user_id': lambda self, cr, uid, context: uid,
        'date': fields.date.context_today,
        'state': 'new',
        'alerts': _default_alerts_get,
    }

mylunch.order类这里主要有2个字段对应的功能相对复杂，alerts和total字段，alerts字段使用了function方法来获取我们之前设置的警告信息，

_alerts_get方法为每一个订单设置对应的警告信息，而这个警告信息是通过_default_alert_get方法获取数据库中所有的alert数据，并把这些数据合并成一条以“\n”分隔的字符串。

total字段用来计算所有表体价格的总和，也是一个函数计算得来，只不过这个数据会存储在数据库中。_price_get函数在数据存储的时候会调用，根据当前订单的id获取所有的表体明细，将所有明细的单价相加，得到订单总和。当UI界面订餐菜单和订单变化的时候，这里要及时修改这里的总价，就需要调用_fetch_orders_from_lines方法，注意这里的参数由于是mylunch.order.line,所以_fetch_orders_from_lines方法的参数self就是mylunch.order.line这个类，这样这个方法的功能是根据表体的id查询出其所属的订单表头id，确定目标对象。大概相当于

update mylunch_order set total = @totalPrice where id = @TargetId,这里确定了TargetId,那么@totalPrice价格是怎么计算出来的呢？貌似我们的类中没有体现出来这个计算过程，估计应该是框架帮我们完成了具体的计算工作，猜测的话应该会获取变化之后所有的product_id,然后计算出总和。具体过程不是很清楚，这里要深入研究框架的源代码了。

class MyLunchOrderLine(osv.Model):
    _name = 'mylunch.order.line'
    _description = 'My Lunch Order Line'

    def _get_line_order_ids(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
        result = set()
        for lunch_order in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context):
            for line in lunch_order.order_line_ids:
                result.add(line.id)
        return list(result)

    _columns = {
        'name': fields.related('product_id', 'name', readonly=True),
        'order_id': fields.many2one('mylunch.order', 'Order', ondelete='cascade'),
        'product_id': fields.many2one('mylunch.production', 'Product', required=True),
        'date': fields.related('order_id', 'date', type='date', string='Date', readonly=True,
                               store={
                                   'mylunch.order': (_get_line_order_ids, ['date'], 10),
                                   'mylunch.order.line': (lambda self, cr, uid, ids, context: ids, [], 10)
                               }),
        'supplier_id': fields.related('product_id', 'supplier_id', type='many2one', relation='res.partner',
                                      string='Supplier', readonly=True, store=True),
        'user_id': fields.related('order_id', 'user_id', type='many2one', relation='res.users',
                                  string='User', readonly=True, store=True),
        'note': fields.text('Note'),
        'price': fields.float('Price'),
        'state': fields.selection([('new', 'New'),\
                                   ('confirmed', 'Confirmed'),\
                                   ('ordered', 'Ordered'),\
                                   ('cancelled', 'Cancelled')], 'Status', readonly=True, select=True),
        'cashmove': fields.one2many('mylunch.cashmove', 'order_line_id', 'Cash Move', ondelete='cascade')
    }

表体明细的话主要在date日期上，其值主要引用表头的日期date字段，有两种情况会造成该字段的变化更新，1.如果表头的日期date字段变化了，

就调用_get_line_order_ids方法，根据表头的id获取其下表体的所有id,确定更新目标条件，然后框架帮我们完成date日期的条件设置，达到字段的更新目的。2.如果表体的任何一条数据的任何字段在UI变化了，也会修改date字段，只不过这里使用了lambda匿名表达式。

class MyLunchCashmove(osv.Model):
    _name = 'mylunch.cashmove'
    _description = 'My Lunch CashMove'
    _columns = {
        'user_id': fields.many2one('res.users', 'User Name', required=True),
        'date': fields.date('Date', required=True),
        'amount': fields.float('Amount', required=True),
        'description': fields.text('Description'),
        'order_line_id': fields.many2one('mylunch.order.line', 'Order', ondelete='cascade'),
        'state': fields.selection([('order', 'Order'), ('payment', 'Payment')], 'Is an order or a payment'),
    }

    _defaults = {
        'user_id': lambda self, cr, uid, context: uid,
        'date': fields.date.context_today,
        'state': 'payment'
    }

菜单事件代码：

<act_window id="action_mylunch_order_form" name="MyOrder" res_model="mylunch.order" view_mode="tree,form"/>
<menuitem name="New Order" parent="menu_mylunch_title" id="menu_lunch_order_form" action="action_mylunch_order_form" sequence=""/>

列表视图布局：

        <record model="ir.ui.view" id="orders_tree_view">
            <field name="name">Orders Tree View</field>
            <field name="model">mylunch.order</field>
            <field name="arch" type="xml">
                <tree string="Orders Tree">
                    <field name="date"></field>
                    <field name="user_id"></field>
                    <field name="order_line_ids"></field>
                    <field name="state"></field>
                    <field name="total" sum="Total"></field>
                </tree>
            </field>
        </record>

其中total字段的sum属性，会在列表的抵补显示总和是多少，大概效果如下图：

Form表单视图：

        <record model="ir.ui.view" id="orders_form_view">
            <field name="name">myLunch Order Form</field>
            <field name="model">mylunch.order</field>
            <field name="arch" type="xml">
                <form string="MyOrders Form" class="oe_mylunch">
                    <header>
                        <field name="state" widget="statusbar" statusbar_visible="new,confirmed"/>
                    </header>
                    <sheet>
                        <group>
                            <group>
                                <field name="user_id" context="{'default_groups_ref': ['base.group_user','base.group_partner_manager','mylunch.group_my_lunch_user']}"/>
                            </group>
                            <group>
                                <field name="date"/>
                            </group>
                        </group>
                        <field name="alerts" attrs="{'invisible':['|',('state','!=','new'),('alerts','=',False)]}" class="oe_inline oe_mylunch_alert">

                        </field>
                        <div name="preferences">

                        </div>
                        <separator string="Select your order"></separator>
                        <field name="order_line_ids" nolabel="">
                            <tree string="List" editable="bottom">
                                <field name="product_id"></field>
                                <field name="note"></field>
                                <field name="price"></field>
                                <field name="supplier_id" invisible=""></field>
                                <field name="state" invisible=""></field>
                            </tree>
                        </field>
                        <group class="oe_subtotal_footer oe_right">
                            <field name="total"></field>
                        </group>
                        <br/><br/>
                    </sheet>
                </form>
            </field>
        </record>

这里嵌套了表体明细列表，这个视图很有代表性，充分体现了表头与表体明细的布局设计方式，我们还可以在此基础上进行相关的界面扩展，效果图如下：

权限设计：

id,name,model_id/id,group_id/id,perm_read,perm_write,perm_create,perm_unlink
mylunch_order_manager,'MyLunch Order Manager group',model_mylunch_order,group_my_lunch_manager,1,1,1,1
mylunch_order_user,'MyLunch Order user group',model_mylunch_order,group_my_lunch_user,1,1,1,1
mylunch_order_line_manager,'MyLunch Order Line Manager',model_mylunch_order_line,group_my_lunch_manager,1,1,1,1
mylunch_order_line_user,'MyLunch Order Line user group',model_mylunch_order_line,group_my_lunch_user,1,1,1,1
mylunch_cashmove_manager,'MyLunch Cashmove Manager group',model_mylunch_cashmove,group_my_lunch_manager,1,1,1,1
mylunch_cashmove_user,'MyLunch Cashmove user group',model_mylunch_cashmove,group_my_lunch_user,1,0,0,0